Syllabus

BIO 121
Introduction to cell biology

Course work 40%

Test(3) 20%
Quiz(3) 10%
Lab report 10%
Final examination 60%

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 Syllabus
1. INTRODUCTION 5.BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
• Meaning of biology and its • Functional grps-protein, lipid,
branches carbohydrate, fat
2.BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION 6.PROKARYOTIC AND
• Atom to organism EUKARYOTIC CELLS
• Organism to biosphere • Microscopy
3.SCIENTIFIC METHODS • Organelles
• Hypothesis/deductive, • Importance of
independent/dependent, compartmentalization
experiment analysis • Glycocalyx
• units as a measurement • Unicell and multicell organism
4. WATER AND ITS PROPERTIES 7.PLASMA MEMBRANE AND
• Covalent and hydrogen bond TRANSPORT
• Aqueous solutions • Fluid mosaic model
• Properties of water • Transport of small and large
• Acid, base, buffers molecules
• Types of membrane protein
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 Chapter 1
“Introduction to Biology”

Mohd Syahril Mohd Zan

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 Template for determining Learning outcome, learning activities, learning time (in hours) and estimating MQF credit for BIO121
CLO1: State and define the concepts and principles in biology, scientific methods, basic biochemistry, cytology and transport across membrane.
CLO2: Identify, describe, draw , label biological diagrams of prokaryotic, eukaryotic cells w ith their organelles.
CLO3: Describe and explain the concepts, principles in biology, scientific methods, basic biochemistry, cytology and transport across membrane.
CLO4: Identify, construct and predict the problem in a case study using scientific methods.

Traditional (Guided) in Additional (Guided / supervised) Teaching &

class Learning in and off class Activities (ATLA) (Managed) Independent Learning Activities
learning activities Total
Quiz MQF
Modules / Topics / Collaborative tests Credit
units of study learning/ ATLA 3
Week .
Group ATLA 1 ATLA 2 (Online ATLA 4 Assign-
Lecture discussion PBL Talk learning) (Discuss) ments/ **Self- **Self- **Self- **Self- **Self- F2F
Term learning- learning- learning- learning- learning-
Non Non Non Non paper Lab Lec Tut tests/quiz other Non
*F2F F2F F2F F2F F2F F2F F2F F2F F2F F2F F2F Non F2F Non F2F Non F2F Non F2F Non F2F Non F2F SLT F2F F2F

1 Introduction 2 1 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.1

2 Hierarchy of biological organization and Scientific Methods 2 1 1.5 1 5.5 3.0 2.5 0.1
3 Scientific methods I 2 2 2 1.5 1.5 1.0 10.0 5.0 5.0 0.3
4 Scientific methods II 2 2 1 2 2 1 3.5 13.5 5.0 8.5 0.3
5 Water and its properties I 2 2.5 1.0 5.5 3.0 2.5 0.1
6 Water and its properties II 2 1 2.5 1 1.5 1.0 9.0 4.0 5.0 0.2
7 Biological molecules I 2 2 2 2.5 8.5 4.0 4.5 0.2
8 Biological molecules II 2 2.5 4.5 2.0 3.5 0.1
9 Biological molecules III 2 1 2.5 1 3.5 1.0 11.0 4.0 7.0 0.3
10 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells I 2 2 2 2.5 8.5 4.0 4.5 0.2
11 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells II 2 2 2 2.5 8.5 4.0 4.5 0.2
12 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells III 2 1 2.5 1 1.5 1.0 9.0 4.0 5.0 0.2
13 Plasma membrane and transport of molecules I 2 2 2 2.5 8.5 4.0 4.5 0.2
14 Plasma membrane and transport of molecules II 2 2 1 2 2.5 1 3.5 1.0 15.0 6.0 9.0 0.4
Total 28.0 14.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.0 31.0 6.0 15.0 0.0 6.0 120.0 54.0 67.0 3.00
Student learning time (SLT) per wk 2.0 1.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.2 0.4 1.1 0.0 0.4 8.6 3.9 4.8

Notes: 1. * F2F = Face-to-Face 2. ** self- learning will include learning from self-learning modules and any additional non F2F hours self-learning and preparation for lecture/ lab, / tutorial and test and evaluation

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 Bios = Life
Logy = study of

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• The study of living
things
living things =
organisms
organisms contain
organic (living)
matter
inorganic = non-
living
Biology is the scientific study of life
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Some branches of Biology include:
• Zoologists- study animals
• Botanists- study plants
• Microbiologists- study
microorganisms (small organisms)
• Paleontologists- extinct organisms
• Ethologists- animal behavior
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Page 8
Biologists study the Diversity of
Life
• A biologist is
anyone who
uses the
scientific
method to
study living
things.
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• Tools of a biologist? There are many,
such as:
• standard laboratory tools
– pipettes and graduated cylinders to
measure and transfer small amounts of
liquid
– electronic balances to measure solids
– fume hoods, microscope

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Laboratory Techniques of a Biologist:
• Staining - allows more visibility
• Centrifugation - while spinning, parts
separate (heaviest to the bottom)
• Cell cultures – a single cell placed in
nutrients to grow many additional cells

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Biologists study the interactions of
life
• A general principle in biology
living things do not exist in isolation;
they all have roles for the balance of nature.

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 The Characteristics of
Living Things
• Biologists use these characteristics to classify
something as a living thing.
1. Organized structure
2. Made/composed of Cells
2. Use and Need Energy/feed and respire
3. Adaptation to Their Surroundings/environment
4. React to Changes/response to surrounding All living things
display all of the
5. Reproduce characteristics.
6. Growth and Development
7. Locomotion-excluding plants
8. Excrete their waste
9. Able to evolve
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 The Characteristics of
Living Things
• All living things have these
characteristics.
• Anything without one of these
characteristics is nonliving.
• Living things are called organisms.

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Biologists study the interactions of
life

Structures in living
things correlate
with its function
Living things interact with --a birds wings use sugar
their environment and as fuel to move,
depend upon other living converting chemical
and nonliving things for energy to kinetic energy.
their survival

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• Life requires
energy transfer
and transformation
-- living organisms uses
energy to carry out life
activities.
--moving, growing,
reproducing requires
energy

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 PROPERTIES of LIFE
• Living things obtain & use energy.
• Energy is used by all living things for
growth, development & reproduction.
– Life processes which result in “building”
the organism ia known as Anabolism.
– Life process where energy is extracted
by “breaking-down” substances is called
Catabolism.

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 Use and Need Energy

• All organisms • Sunlight is the

need and use source of energy
energy to live. for most living
• Energy is the things.
ability to do work. – Plants use the energy
in sunlight to make
food, and animals get
energy by eating plants
or other animals that
have eaten plants.
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 Made of Cells
• Organisms are
made up of one
or more cells.
• A cell is the basic
unit of structure
and function in
living things.
– Cells = the of life.

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 Characteristics of Living Things

Made up of CELLS
• The Cell is the basic unit of life
– Is self contained and possesses a barrier
(membrane) which separates itself from the
environment
– small, self-contained units
• separated from it’s surroundings
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• make an entire organism - called
unicellular
• multicellular is made of many cells
• Two types of organisms.
– Unicellular - One celled organism (Uni=1)
– Multicellular - Many cells (Multi=”many”)
• Cells are never formed by non-living things

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 Reproduce
• Organisms
produce more
organisms of their
own kind.
• Reproduction
allows organisms
to continue living
on the earth.
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 Characteristics of Living Things

Living things REPRODUCE

• This means they produce new
organisms of the same type
• individuals will die; they must
reproduce [group of similar
organisms (species)] to survive
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 Living thing perform reproduction for the continuity of
hereditary

• Living Things must Reproduce.

• Must be able to create more of it’s own kind
• Two types of reproduction:
– Sexual - Two parent organisms combine
genetic material to produce the offspring.
– Asexual - When a single organism can divide
or “bud” to create it’s offspring without
another of it’s species.

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 Grow and Develop
• All organisms grow • Living things
and develop. change, or develop,
during their
lifetimes.
– One way organisms
change is by growing.
– Living things may also
change in appearance.
• For example: tadpoles
and frogs
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 Characteristics of Living Things

Grow and Develop

• at some stage, living things are capable
of growth: taking in materials from the
surroundings and transforming it into
living tissue

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• Living things must Grow & Develop.
• Growth refers to two processes.
– Increase in the number of cells.
– Increase in the size of cells.
• Development refers to changes in the
organism which occur through it’s life-span.
– Includes cell differentiation.
– Includes organ development
– Includes aging & death.

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 Characteristics of Living Things
• As development continues, a process
called aging occurs
– processes become less efficient
– ability to reproduce ceases
– death is the end result
• Death is also a process of change that
separates living and nonliving
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Maintenance of Homeostasis
Homeostasis - the ability of an organism to maintain
its internal environment despite conditions in the
external environment.

Human body temperature is………

 if body temperature rises, you sweat.
 if body temperature lowers, you shiver.

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 PROPERTIES of LIFE

• Most responses are geared for maintaining

Homeostasis.
– Homeostasis is a process where an organism
maintains a stable internal environment so life
can continue.
– examples include temperature, pH, and water
content of the cell.

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React to Changes
Living things must Respond (or react) to their environment
in some way.
Something which causes an organism to react is known as a
Stimulus (stimuli).

• Organisms react to
change in their
surroundings.
• Any reaction to change
is called a response.
– For example: A bright light
may cause you to blink.
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Fig. 1-3c

Response
to the
environment

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 Adapted to Their
Surroundings
• Organisms are adapted, or suited, to
their surroundings.
• All organisms have features that help
them survive in their surroundings.
– For example: fish have gills

Evolutionary Page 33
adaptation