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ESP8266 NodeMCU

NodeMCU is an open-source firmware and development kit that helps prototype or build IoT products using the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC. The firmware uses the Lua scripting language and is based on the eLua project. It contains a microcontroller unit (MCU) with CPU, memory, and programmable input/output on a single chip used to automate devices. ESP8266EX is a Wi-Fi chip that integrates antennas, power management, and a 32-bit processor with on-chip SRAM for Wi-Fi and sensor applications through GPIOs. ThingSpeak is an open-source IoT application to store and retrieve sensor data using HTTP and MQTT protocols from things

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245 views

ESP8266 NodeMCU

NodeMCU is an open-source firmware and development kit that helps prototype or build IoT products using the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC. The firmware uses the Lua scripting language and is based on the eLua project. It contains a microcontroller unit (MCU) with CPU, memory, and programmable input/output on a single chip used to automate devices. ESP8266EX is a Wi-Fi chip that integrates antennas, power management, and a 32-bit processor with on-chip SRAM for Wi-Fi and sensor applications through GPIOs. ThingSpeak is an open-source IoT application to store and retrieve sensor data using HTTP and MQTT protocols from things

Uploaded by

Megha Projects
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ESP8266 NodeMCU:

 
NodeMCU is an open-source firmware and development kit that helps you to prototype or
build IoT product. It includes firmware which runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from Espressif
Systems, and hardware which is based on the ESP-12 module. The firmware uses the Lua
scripting language. It is based on the eLua project, and built on the Espressif Non-OS SDK
for ESP8266.
MCU stands for MicroController Unit - which really means it is a computer on a single chip. A
microcontroller contains one or more CPUs (processor cores) along with memory and
programmable input/output peripherals. They are used to automate automobile engine
control, implantable medical devices, remote controls, office machines, appliances, power
tools, toys etc.

 Espressif Systems’ Smart Connectivity Platform (ESCP) is a set of high performance, high
integration wireless SOCs, designed for space and power constrained mobile platform
designers. It provides unsurpassed ability to embed WiFi capabilities within other systems,
or to function as a standalone application, with the lowest cost, and minimal space
requirement. ESP8266EX offers a complete and self-contained WiFi networking solution; it
can be used to host the application or to offload WiFi networking functions from another
application processor.When ESP8266EX hosts the application, it boots up directly from an
external flash. In has integrated cache to improve the performance of the system in such
applications Alternately, serving as a WiFi adapter, wireless internet access can be added to
any micro controller- based design with simple connectivity (SPI/SDIO or I2C/UART
interface).ESP8266EX is among the most integrated WiFi chip in the industry; it integrates
the antenna switches, RF balun, power amplifier, low noise receive amplifier, filters, power
management modules, it requires minimal external circuitry, and the entire solution, including
front-end module, is designed to occupy minimal PCB area. ESP8266EX also integrates an
enhanced version of Tensilica’s L106 Diamond series 32-bit processor, with on-chip SRAM,
besides the WiFi functionalities. ESP8266EX is often integrated with external sensors and
other application specific devices through its GPIOs; sample codes for such applications
are provided in the software development kit (SDK).

Thinkspeak:

According to its developers, "ThingSpeak is an open-source Internet of Things (IoT)


application and API to store and retrieve data from things using the HTTP and MQTT
protocol over the Internet or via a Local Area Network. ThingSpeak enables the creation of
sensor logging applications, location tracking applications, and a social network of things
with status updates"

ThingSpeak has integrated support from the numerical computing software MATLAB from
MathWorks, allowing ThingSpeak users to analyze and visualize uploaded data using Matlab
without requiring the purchase of a Matlab license from Mathworks.

 Heart rate sensor:


The heartbeat sensor is based on the principle of photo phlethysmography. It measures the
change in volume of blood through any organ of the body which causes a change in the light
intensity through that organ (a vascular region). In case of applications where heart pulse
rate is to be monitored, the timing of the pulses is more important. The flow of blood volume
is decided by the rate of heart pulses and since light is absorbed by blood, the signal pulses
are equivalent to the heart beat pulses.

As described above regarding the principle of heart beat sensor, when the finger tissue or
the earlobe tissue is illuminated using a light source, the light is transmitted after getting
modulated i.e. a part getting absorbed by the blood and the rest being transmitted. This
modulated light is received by the light detector.

Here a Light Dependant Resistor (LDR) is used as a light detector. It works on the principle
that when light falls on the resistor, its resistance changes. As the light intensity increases,
the resistance decreases. Thus the voltage drop across the resistor decreases.

Here a comparator is used which compares the output voltage from the LDR to that of the
threshold voltage. The threshold voltage is the voltage drop across the LDR when the light
with fixed intensity, from the light source falls directly on it. The inverting terminal of the
comparator LM358 is connected to the potential divider arrangement which is set to the
threshold voltage and the non inverting terminal is connected to the LDR. When a human
tissue is illuminated using the light source, the intensity of the light reduces. As this reduced
light intensity falls on the LDR, the resistance increases and as a result the voltage drop
increases. When the voltage drop across the LDR or the non inverting input exceeds that of
the inverting input, a logic high signal is developed at the output of the comparator and in
case voltage drop being lesser a logic low output is developed. Thus the output is a series of
pulses. These pulses can be fed to the Microcontroller which accordingly processes the
information to get the heart beat rate and this is displayed on the Display interfaced to the
Microcontroller.

Temperature sensor:

If the environment temperature becomes higher than the worker's body can withstand (e.g.
45  ºC), the helmet will inform him with a  (different) warning sound from the buzzer. If the
environment is too noisy, he will know that he is in danger from the red blinking led in the
front of the helmet.

The DHT11 is a commonly used Temperature and humidity sensor. The sensor comes with
a dedicated NTC to measure temperature and an 8-bit microcontroller to output the values of
temperature and humidity as serial data. The sensor is also factory calibrated and hence
easy to interface with other microcontrollers.

The sensor can measure temperature from 0°C to 50°C and humidity from 20% to 90% with
an accuracy of ±1°C and ±1%. This DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor features a
calibrated digital signal output with the temperature and humidity sensor capability. It is
integrated  with a high-performance 8-bit microcontroller. Its technology ensures the high
reliability and excellent long-term stability.  This sensor includes a resistive element and a
sensor for wet NTC temperature measuring devices. It has excellent quality, fast response,
anti-interference ability and high performance

Co2 sensor:

The air quality sensor MQ-135 sensor for detecting venomous gases that are present in the
air in mines. The gas sensor layer of the sensor unit is made up of tin dioxide (SnO2); it has
lower conductivity compare to clean air and due to air pollution the conductivity  increases.
The air quality sensor detects ammonia, nitrogen oxide, smoke, CO2 and other harmful
gases. The air quality sensor has a small potentiometer that permits the adjustment of the
load resistance of the sensor circuit. The 5V power supply is used for air quality quality
sensor.
The air quality sensor is a signal output indicator instruction. It has two outputs: analog
output and TTL output. The TTL output is low signal light which can be accessed through the
IO ports on the Microcontroller. The analog output is an concentration, i.e. increasing voltage
is directly proportional to increasing concentration. This sensor has a long life and reliable
stability as well.
If the worker is approaching to a dangerous gas, the helmet will inform him with a
warning sound from the buzzer. If the environment is too noisy, he will know that he
is in danger by the red blinking led in the front of the helmet.  The warning sound and
the red led will repeated faster as he  is approaching closer to a dangerous
environment.

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