NAME: ABHISHEK BANERJEE

SUBJECT: CONCRETE DESIGN SESSIONAL

ROLL NO. – 001410601036

DEPARTMENT: CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING (B.E)

 DESIGN OF A G+2 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

General Assumption
1. At ground floor, slabs are not provided and the floor will directly rest on ground. Therefore, only
ground beams passing through columns are provided as tie beams. The floor beams are thus
absent in the ground floor.
2. Floor beams are so arranged that they act as continuously supported beams and design has been
done on the basis of the maximum moment developed in the beam.
3. The main beams rest centrally on columns to avoid local eccentricity.
4. External walls and internal walls are considered 250mm and 125mm thick respectively.
5. For all structural elements, M25 grade concrete and Fe415 reinforcement bars have been
considered in the design.
6. Sizes of all columns are kept the same from ground to the top floor.
7. Preliminary sizes of structural components are assumed by experience.
8. Columns have been designed for minimum eccentricity and assumed to be loaded axially.
Seismic loads have not been considered in our design

Design of Slab

CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Thickness of the slab and durability considerations Use 10 mm bar
the slab thickness is assumed to be 150mm d = 125mm
the clear cover = 20mm D = 150 mm
effective depth =125mm
Calculation of design load w= 10.224KN/m
Dead load from the slab = 0.15 * 1 * 25 = 3.75 KN/m2
Dead load from the floor finish 40 mm thick = 0.04 * 24 * 1 = 0.96 KN/m2
Dead load from plaster 6 mm thick = 0.006 * 1* 24 = 0.144 KN/m2
Total dead load = 4.854 KN/m2
Live load given = 1.962 KN/m2
Factored design load = 1.5(Dead load + Live load) = 10.224 KN/m
Calculation of moment Two-way slab
Panel Type of panel Ly/Lx αx αx (positive) αy αy design is
No (negative) (negative) (positive) adopted.
1 One long edge 3.2/2.5=1.28 0.056 0.043 0.037 0.028
discontinuous
2 One long edge 3.6/2.5=1.44 0.063 0.047 0.037 0.028
discontinuous
3 Two adjacent 4.0/2.5=1.60 0.0786 0.0588 0.047 0.035
edges
discontinuous
4 Two adjacent 4.0/3.5=1.14 0.053 0.040 0.047 0.035
edges
 discontinuous
5 Interior panel 3.5/3.2=1.09 0.032 0.024 0.032 0.024
6 Interior panel 3.6/3.5=1.03 0.032 0.024 0.032 0.024
7 One short edge 4.0/3.5=1.14 0.0435 0.032 0.037 0.028
discontinuous
8 Two adjacent 4.0/3.6=1.11 0.0535 0.040 0.047 0.035
edges
discontinuous
9 One short edge 3.6/3.2=1.125 0.0435 0.0325 0.037 0.028
discontinuous
10 One long edge 3.6/3.6=1.0 0.037 0.028 0.037 0.028
discontinuous
11 Two adjacent 4.0/3.6=1.11 0.053 0.040 0.047 0.035
edges
discontinuous
Since ly/lx is less than 2, the design approach is guided by two way slab approach design.
The maximum moment per unit width is given by the following equation Mx = αxwlx2 and My = αywlx2

Panel No Shorter Span Moment ( KN m) Longer span Moment (KN m)

Negative Positive Negative Positive
1 3.5784 2.7477 2.3643 1.7892
2 4.0257 3.0033 2.3643 1.7892
3 5.02254 3.75732 3.0033 2.2365
4 6.6380 5.00976 5.8864 4.3835
5 3.3502 2.5126 3.3502 2.5126
6 4.0078 3.0058 4.0079 3.0059
7 5.448 4.0078 4.6340 3.5068
8 7.0889 5.3001 6.2276 4.6376
9 4.5541 3.4025 3.87367 2.9314
10 4.903 3.7100 4.903 3.7100
11 7.02267 5.30012 6.2276 4.63760

Calculation of area of steel We provide 8mm

0.5 f ck bd 4.6 M u ϕ Fe415
A st =
fy √
(1− 1−
f ck b d 2
) bd

The above formula is used for the calculation of area of steel.

reinforcement bar
@ 200mm c/c
spacing in both
the longer and
Panel No Shorter Span area of steel (in mm2) Longer span area of steel (in mm2) the shorter span.
 Negative Positive Negative Positive
1 66.01 50.56 43.46 32.83
2 74.36 55.31 43.46 32.83
3 93.06 69.35 92.69 41.09
4 123.59 92.82 109.35 81.06
5 61.76 46.20 61.76 46.20
6 74.03 55.35 74.03 55.36
7 101.07 74.03 85.76 64.68
8 132.17 98.28 115.81 85.82
9 84.26 62.73 71.52 53.97
10 90.81 68.47 90.81 68.47
11 130.91 98.28 115.81 85.82

π 2
1000 × d
Hence 4
Spacing=
Ast
We provide 8 mm diameter steel bars.

Panel No Shorter Span Spacing ( in mm) Longer span Spacing ( in mm)

Negative Positive Negative Positive
1 757.4418 988.8805 1150.546 1522.947
2 672.3797 904.0334 1150.546 1522.947
3 537.3121 720.9869 539.4097 1216.751
4 404.5486 538.7036 457.2553 616.833
5 809.587 1082.163 809.587 1082.163
6 675.419 903.2748 675.402 903.2445
7 494.7113 675.419 583.0481 773.0723
8 378.2905 508.745 431.7521 582.5892
9 593.4206 797.0183 699.0874 926.4052
10 550.6116 730.2864 550.6116 730.2864
11 381.9362 508.7431 431.7521 582.5892

As per codal provisions, minimum spacing to be provided is 300mm.

Design of shear reinforcement is not required.
Design of Beam

CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Design Ideology – Exploiting the symmetry of the symmetry, AE are FJ are treated as two continuous beam along
the horizontal direction and ET and DS the same for vertical direction. The result will be compared and suitably
applied over KO and KT & AB and BQ in horizontal and vertical direction respectively.
Cross-sectional Area of the beam D = 450mm
According to the design data given, the width of the beam is 250 mm and the depth of the beam is 450mm. d = 400 mm
Clear cover taken is 50mm. b = 250 mm
Beam Load Calculation Moment Calculation
w’ = unit weight of slab M1 = Near middle of end span (span
w1= load due to weight of moment)
slab M2 = At middle of interior span (span
w2 = load due to self-weight moment)
of beam M3 = At support next to end support
w3 = weight of partition wall (support moment)
∑w = (w1 + w2 + w3) * 1.5 M4 = At any other support (support
moment)
AE w’ = (3.76 + 0.96 + 0.144 + M1 = 37.24 * 42 * (1/12)
1. AB 1.962) kN/m = 6.816 kN/m = 37.24 kNm
(3.6*4) m w1 = w’lx/6 [3 – (lx/ly)2 ] M2 = 37.24 * 42 * (-1/10)
= 8.956224 kN/m = - 59.584 kNm
w2 = (0.25 * 0.45 * 25) kN/m
w3 = (19 * 0.25 * (3.2 – 0.45)
= 13.06 kN/m
∑w = (w1 + w2 + w3) * 1.5
= 37.24 kN/m
BC, CD, DE We notice that the load and M1 = (40.779) * 42 * (1/12)
correspondingly the moment = 54.372 kNm
will be less than or equal to M2 = (40.779) * 42 * (-1/10)
that of the beam AB. That is, = - 65.246 kNm
if it is safe for AB, it will be
definitely safe for BC, CD, and
DE. Hence, the calculation is
not done.
2. FJ w’ = 6.816 kN/m
FG w1 = w’lx/6 [3 – (lx/ly)2] +
(3.5 * 4 m, w’lx’/6 [3 – (lx/ly’) 2]
3.6 * 4 m) = 6.816 * 3.6/6 [3 –
(3.6/4.0)2] + 6.816 * 3.5/6 [3
– (3.5/4.0)2]
= 8.96 + 8.88
= 17.843 kN/m
w2 = (0.25 * 0.45 * 250) kN/m
= 2.8125 kN/m
w3 = [19 * 0.125 * (3.2 –
0.45)] kN/m
= 6.531 kN/m
∑w = (w1 + w2 + w3) * 1.5
= 40.779 kN/m

GH, HI, IJ We notice that the load and

correspondingly the bending
 moment developed in each of
the beam section will be
either less than or equal to
that of the beam FG. That is,
if it is safe for FG, it will be
definitely safe for GH, HI, IJ.
3. ET w’ = 6.816 kN/m M1 = (36.07) * (3.6)2 * (1/12)
EJ w1 = w’lx/3 = 38.96 kNm
(3.6 * 4) m = 8.1792 kN/m M2 = (36.07) * (3.6)2 * (-1/10)
w2 = (0.25 * 0.45 * 25) kN/m = - 46.746 kNm
= 2.8125 kN/m
w3 = (19 * 0.25 * (3.2 – 0.45)
= 13.06 kN/m
∑w = (w1 + w2 + w3) * 1.5
= 36.07 kN/m
JO, OT The calculation for the
sections are not required.
4. DS w’ = 6.816 kN/m M1 = (38.552) * (3.6)2 * (1/12)
DI w1 = w’lx/3 + w’lx’/3 = 41.637 kNm
(3.6 * 3.6) m, = 8.1792 + 8.1792 M2 = (38.552) * (3.6)2 * (-1/10)
(3.6 * 4.0) m = 16.3584 kN/m = - 49.964 kNm
w2 = (0.25 * 0.45 * 25) kN/m
= 2.8125 kN/m
w3 = (19 * 0.125 * (3.2 – 0.4)
kN/m
= 6.531 kN/m
∑w = (w1 + w2 + w3) * 1.5
= 38.552 kN/m
Load and moment calculations
Table- Equivalent loading UDL (kN/m)acting on the beam

Considering the beams to be continuous in span, we design for the one having maximum span and loading for
interior and exterior along each direction.
Calculation of Ast
Design for AB- all exterior longer span beams
Load Calculations:
UDL from slab= 13.89 kN/m
Assume section 250 x 400
Therefore, self weight= 25 x 0.25 x 0.45=2.8125 kN/m
External B/W loading = 19x 0.25x2.75=13.06 kN/m
Total design load= 13.89+ 1.5( 2.8125+13.06)= 37.7 kN/m
Assuming 16mm ϕ rod, clear cover 20mm, and 8mm ϕ stirrup,
d= 450-50 mm = 400mm, b=250mm
At support C2, Moment = -wl2/10
At midspan of the section, moment= wl2/16
At support C3, moment = -wl2/12
Hence take maximum moment as the design moment,
Therefore, design moment= (37.7 x 4.2 2)/10 = 66.5 kNm
Ast= 481.77 mm2
Hence we provide 2-16ϕ and 1-12ϕ rebar.
Hence Area of steel provided= 515 mm2 > Ast required
Design for FG - all interior longer span beams
Load Calculations:
UDL from slab= 27.6 kN/m
Assume section 250 x 400
Therefore, self weight= 25 x 0.25 x 0.45=2.8125 kN/m
External B/W loading = 19x 0.125x2.75=6.53 kN/m
Total design load= 27.6+ 1.5( 2.8125+6.53)= 41.66 kN/m
Assuming 16mm ϕ rod, clear cover 20mm, and 8mm ϕ stirrup,
d= 450-50 mm = 400, b=250mm
Hence take maximum moment as the design moment,
Therefore, design moment=(41.66 x4.22)/10 = 73.48 kNm
Ast= 538 mm2
Hence we provide 3-16ϕ rebar
Area of steel provided= 603mm2 > Ast required
Design for EJ - all exterior shorter span beams
Load Calculations:
UDL from slab= 12.27 kN/m
Assume section 250 x 400
Therefore, self weight= 25 x 0.25 x 0.45=2.8125 kN/m
External B/W loading = 19x 0.25x2.75=13.06 kN/m
Total design load=12.27+1.5( 2.8125+13.06)= 36.08 kN/m
Assuming 16mm ϕ rod, clear cover 20mm, and 8mm ϕ stirrup,
d= 450-36 mm = 414mm, b=250mm
Hence take maximum moment as the design moment,
Therefore, design moment=(36.08 x3.62)/10 = 46.76 kNm
Ast= 330.5 mm2
Hence we provide 3-12ϕ rebar
Area of steel provided= 339 mm2 > Ast required
Design for DI - all interior longer span beams
Load Calculations:
UDL from slab= 24.54 kN/m
Assume section 250 x 400
Therefore, self weight= 25 x 0.25 x 0.45=2.8125 kN/m
External B/W loading = 19x 0.125x2.75=6.53 kN/m
Total design load=24.54+1.5(2.8125+6.53)= 38.6 kN/m
Assuming 16mm ϕ rod, clear cover 20mm, and 8mm ϕ stirrup,
d= 450-36 mm = 414mm, b=250mm
Hence take maximum moment as the design moment,
Therefore, design moment=(38.6 x3.62)/10 = 50 kNm
Ast= 354.8 mm2
Hence we provide 2-12ϕ and 1-16ϕ rebars
Area of steel provided= 427 mm2 > Ast required
In the horizontal direction, the maximum BM calculated = 65.248 kNm
= 65.248 * 10 6 Nmm
Using the formula given annex G, the area of steal required is calculated as follows
Assuming, width of the beam = 250 mm = (b)
Overall depth = 450 (mm) D
Effective depth = (450 – 40) mm
= 410 mm (d)
16 mm diameter steel bar is used
Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d (1 - fy Ast/bdfck)
Putting, Mu = 65.245 * 106 Nmm
Fy = 500 MPa
D = 410 fck = 25 MPa = 250 mm
Ast = 39644 mm2
Number of reinforcement required = 396.44/(π 162/4) = 1.97 ≈ 2
Ast provided = 2 * π * 162/7 = 402.123 mm2
Shear force calculation and stirrup spacing
Beam Total load (kN/m) Sheer Force
AB (As calculation in BM calculation) V1 = at the support
V2 = at support next to end support
(outer)
V3 = at support next to end support
(inner)
V4 = at all other supports
W = 37.24 kN/m V1 = 0.4 * (37.24 * 4) kN = 59.584
kN
V2 = 0.6 * (37.24 * 4) kN = 89.376
kN
FG W = 40.779 kN/m V1 = 65.2464 kN = (0.4 * 40.779 *4)
kN
V3 = 89.7138 kN = (0.55 * 40.779
*4) kN
 EJ W = 36.07 kN/m V1 = 0.4 * (36.07 * 3.6) kN = 51.94
kN
V2 = 0.6 * (36.07 * 3.6) kN = 77.9112
kN
DI W = 38.552 kN/m V1 = 0.4 (38.552 * 3.6) kN = 38.552
kN
V3 = 0.55 (38.552 * 3.6) kN = 76.332
kN

Maximum shear force Vmax = 89.7138 kN

Nominal sheer stress = Zv = Vmax / b *d
= 89.7138 * 10 3/ 250 * 400 N/mm2
Maximum sheer stress (as per table 2) for M25 = 3.1 MPa
Hence, it is within permissible limit
Let us provide two 16 mm φ diameter rod to hold the stirrup
From table 1, pg-84, the permissible sheer stress in concrete τc is calculated as 0.52 MPa
Assume 6 mm stirrup bars
Vvs = Vu - τcbd = 36413.8 N
For vertical stirrups,
Vvs = 0.87 fy Asv d/Sv
Sv = 0.87 * 500 * π * 62 * 4.10 * 2/4 * 36413.8 [since two legged stirrup]
= 276.966 mm
The spacing provided should be 250 mm c/c

Design of column
Calculations Output
Design philosophy and introduction
The area of influence of the column is the area of which load is being transferred to the column to be designed.
After a quick look, we see that the column in the hatched area will have the largest area of influence. Therefore,
we start by designing the above column for the top floor.
Calculation of area of influence Total area of
Area from slab = (3.6 + 3.5 + 3.15 + 3.24 ) m2 = 13.49 m2 influence =
Area from beam = (6.35*0.25 + 0.25*0.25) m2 = 1.65 m2 15.14 m2
Total area = 15.14 m2
Load calculation for the top floor Total load for
Weight acting due to slab = (3.75 + 0.96 1.44) * 13.49 = 65.48 KN top floor =
Weight acting due to beam = (0.45*25*1.65) = 18.65 KN 235.28 kN/m
Weight due to brick masonry = [ 19(3.2 – 0.45) * 0.125 * 6.6] = 43.10625 KN
Total load = Dead load + Live load = 156.85 KN/m
Factored load = (156.85 * 1.5) = 235.28 KN/m
Calculation of Ast for column We provide 8
The ultimate load of the column is given by number of 16
Pu= 0.4fckAc + 0.67fyAsc mm bar.
A = Act + Asc = (400 * 400) mm2
However, solving this equation, the value of A ct comes out to be negative, which means that we have provided an
oversized section, thus the minimum Asc i.e. 0.8% of A should be provided.
Asc = 1 280 mm2
We provided 8 number of 16 mm bar
Asc provided = ( π/4 * 162 * 8) mm2 = 1608.99 mm2
Check for long column/ short column The short is
Unsupported length = 2750 mm short.
Effective length = (0.65 * 2750) mm = 1787.5 mm
Effective length / Least lateral dimension of column = 1787.5 / 400 =4.46 less than 12
The column is short .
Check for eccentricity of columns No bending
As per IS – 456 – 200, the eccentricity of the column must be greater of the followings – moment
i) 20mm consideration
ii) Left / 500 + b / 30 = 18.33 is required.
i.e 20 mm
Permissible eccentricity value = 0.05b = (0.05 * 400) = 20 mm
Therefore no. bending moment consideration is required.
Design of column for the ground floor Total load for
Load consideration ground floor =
Ground floor = 613.96 kN/m
The load of the column of the previous floor will be added.
Weight of slab = (65.48 * 3) kN = 196.44 kN
Weight due to beam = (18.56 8 * 3) kN = 55.68 kN
Weight due to brick mansory = (43.106 * 3) kN = 129.3 kN
Weight due to column = 2 * (3.2 – 0.45) * (0.4) 2 * 25 kN = 22 kN
Dead load = 403.42 kN
Live load = (1.962 * 3) kN = 5.886 kN
Total load = 409.306 kN
Factored load = 613.959 kN
Calculation of Ast We provided 8
The ultimate load of the column is given by number of 16
Pu= 0.4fckAc + 0.67fyAsc mm bar
A = Act + Asc = (400 * 400) mm2
However, solving this equation, the value of A ct comes out to be negative, which means that we have provided an
oversized section, thus the minimum Asc i.e. 0.8% of A should be provided.
Asc = 1 280 mm2
We provided 8 number of 16 mm bar
Asc provided = ( π/4 * 162 * 8) mm2 = 1608.99 mm2
The rest of the checks are same as done in top floor.
Determination of the diameter and spacing of the lateral ties We provide 6
The diameter of the ties shall not be lesser than the greatest of the following values mm lateral ties
1) 5 mm at the rate of
2) 1/4th of the diameter of the largest diameter i.e. 16m = 4mm 250 mm c/c
We provide 6 mm ties spacing
The spacing of the ties shall not exceed the least of the following values
1) Least lateral dimension = 400 mm
 2) 16 times the diameter of the smallest diameter longitudinal bar = 256 mm
3) 48 times the diameter of the ties = 288 mm
We provide 250 mm
Therefore, we provide 6 mm lateral ties at the rate of 250 mm c/c spacing
Design of footing

Load calculation
Designing footing according to the maximum column load i.e. 613.959 kN (factored)
P = 409.306 kN (working load)
Bearing capacity calculation
Assuming safe bearing capacity of the soil to be 75 kN / m 2
Dimension of the footing 3 * 3 m2
Self weight of the footing = 0.1 P =40.9 kN footing
Area required = P +0.1P/Safe bearing capacity provided
= 452.20/75
≈ 6 m2
Providing a (3*3) m2 foundation i.e. 9 m2 area
Wo = P + 0.1P / A provided = 450.20 / 9 = 50.02 kN / m 2
Wnet = P / A provided = 409.306 / 9 = 45.478 kN /m 2
Wh = 1.5 Wnet = 68.22 kN / m2
Check for one way shear Hence safe
Given M25 ft = 0.2 %
τc = 325 kN / m2
Design for one way shear
68.25 [( 3 – 0.4 / 2 ) – d] / 1 * d ≤ 1 * 325
D ≥ 250 mm
Check for two way shear Hence safe
Now for two way shear,
Kβ = 1250 kN / m2
Shear stress ≤ 250 condition
613.959 – 68.28 (0.4 + 0.3) (0.3+0.4) / 2 [0.7+0.7] * 1 ≤ 1250
207.32 ≤ 1250 kN / m2
Check for moment
B Mmax = Wa (l-a/2)2 /2 = 68.28 (3-0.4/2)2 /2 kNm
Calculation for Ast
Ast = 0.5 fck bd/ fy [ 1- √ 1 – 4.6 B Mmax / fck bd2 ]
Ast ≈ 562 mm2
Ast min = 0.12 bD 6.12 * 1000 * 300 = 360 mm 2
Assuming diameter of the bars = 12mm
Spacing = 1000 * π/4 * φ2 / Ast = 181.02 mm
Provide 12 φ bars @ 180 mm c/c spacing
Reinforcement detailing
Nt =Nc = 1000/180 * 3 + 1 = 18 bars
Outer band = 0 [since square footing
Development length calculation
Ld = 0.87 * fy * φ /4 π τbd = 0.87 * 500 * 16/ 4 π * 1.6 * 12 ≈ 290 mm
Therefore we use 16φ upto a development length of 290 mm