FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

RF TECHNIQUE & MICROWAVE

BETT 3414 SEMESTER 2 SESI 2019/2020

LAB 3 : STUB MACTHING AND TUNING

NAME OF GROUP 1.
MEMBERS &
MATRIX NUMBER
2.

3.

COURSE

DATE

NAME OF INSTRUCTOR 1. DR. AKM ZAKIR HOSSAIN

2. ELIYANA BINTI RUSLAN

EXAMINER’S COMMENT VERIFICATION STAMP

TOTAL MARKS
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1.0 OBJECTIVES

1. To understand the function of transmission line stubs.

2. To perform impedance matching graphically using the smith chart utility in ADS

3. To calculate the transmission line parameters graphically using Smith chart.

2.0 EQUIPMENT/COMPONENTS

Advanced Design System 2019 or any equivalent Circuit Simulation Software

3.0 THEORY

In microwave and radio-frequency engineering, a stub is a length of transmission

line or waveguide that is connected at one end only. Stubs can be used to match a load impedance
to the transmission line characteristic impedance. The stub is positioned a distance from the load.
This distance is chosen so that at that point the resistive part of the load impedance is made equal to
the resistive part of the characteristic impedance by impedance transformer action of the length of
the main line. The length of the stub is chosen so that it exactly cancels the reactive part of the
presented impedance. That is, the stub is made capacitive or inductive according to whether the
main line is presenting an inductive or capacitive impedance respectively.

Matching the impedance of a network to the impedance of a transmission line has two principal
advantages. First, all the incident power is delivered to the network. Second, the generator is usually
designed to work into an impedance close to common transmission line impedances. If it does so it
is better behaved, the load impedance has no reactive part which can pull the generator frequency,
and the VSWR on the line is unity or close to unity so the line length is immaterial and the line
connecting the generator to the load is non-resonant.

If you look at the SMITH chart you will find a circle of constant real impedance r=1 which goes
through the open circuit point and the centre of the chart. If you plot any arbitrary impedance on
the SMITH chart and follow round at constant radius towards the generator, you must cross the r=1
circle somewhere. This transformation at constant radius represents motion along the transmission
line towards the generator. One complete circuit of the SMITH chart represents a travel of one half
wavelength towards the generator. At this intersection point your generalised arbitrary load
impedance r + jx has transformed to 1 + jx', so at least the real part of the impedance equals the
characteristic impedance of the line. Note x' is different from x in general.

At this point you cut the line and add a pure reactance -jx'. The total impedance looking into the sum
of the line impedance and -jx' is therefore 1 + jx' -jx' = 1 and the line is matched.

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4.0 PROCEDURE

1. Insert MLIN in your schematic. Click tool and Start LineCalc as in Figure 4.1.

Figure 4.1

2. Insert substrate parameters: H=1270um, T=12.7um, Er=2.2, Zo = 50 Ohm, Freq = 2 GHz and
E_eff = 15.84. Click Synthesize arrow as in Figure 4.2.

Figure 4.2

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3. Change width and length from LineCalc to your schematic.

4. Add MTEE and MLOC in the schematic then change width to 3891.85um.

5. Select MLOC and Start LineCalc to measure length. Use substrate parameters: H=1270um,
T=12.7um, Er=2.2, Freq=2GHz, Zo=50Ohm and E_eff=52.92. Click Synthesize arrow.

6. Apply the length from LineCalc to your schematic. Insert Term, R=15Ohm and L=0.796nH.
This give Z=15+j10.

Figure 4.3

7. Add S_Param and MSub to your schematic and setting as in Figure.

8. Simulate and plot mag of S(1,1) vs freq. Put marker at 2 GHz. Plot smith chart of S(1,1) and
mark at 2GHz.

9. Tune your schematic till real part of admittance close to 1 and imagery part of admittance
close to 0. Save schematic as schematic_1.

10. For ZL = 60–j80, which parameters you have to change to match the 50 Ohm line. Tune your
circuit to match the tline (on schematic 2).

11. From schematic_1, insert another MLIN (on schematic 3) after TL1 and tune to match the
tline. What is the difference if you make TL1 length (in schematic 1) equivalence of TL1
length plus TL2 length after tuning?

12. From schematic_1, insert another MTEE and MLOC after MLIN (on schematic 4) and tune to
match the tline.

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5.0 EXPERIMENT RESULT

(Please attach at the End of Report)

6.0 QUESTIONS & DISCUSSION

Discussion should relate and not limited by questions below.

1. Explain what does marker represent as it is moving in smith chart at constant radius

2. Differences on matching on stub and coaxial cable

7.0 CONCLUSION
8.0
9.0 As conclusion, we had to recognize the role of transmission line stubs in this lab

session by using carry out impedance graphically matching using the functionality of the

smith chart in ADS. Adversely, we additionally have stepped forward and add extra

information within the use of ADS for destiny development. We have acknowledged what

the characteristics of each component used on this lab session by solving the task given.

Other than that, we are able to studied how to calculate the transmission line parameter

using both manual and ADS from the smith chart. From the video given by lecturer, its

really helps our to solve the problem to measured capacitance and inductance value using

ZL. Eventually, we are able to completed this lab task efficiently with tough work of team

partners.

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