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Foundation For Structures

Foundations provide stability and support for structures by distributing weight across a large area to avoid overloading soil. They anchor structures against forces like earthquakes and wind. Foundations must sustain and transmit loads to soil without settling and be deep enough to prevent issues from temperature changes. Shallow foundations like spread footings and slab-on-grade foundations transfer weight just below the frost line, while deep foundations transfer weight through weak topsoil to stronger subsoil using piles, shafts, or columns.

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45 views2 pages

Foundation For Structures

Foundations provide stability and support for structures by distributing weight across a large area to avoid overloading soil. They anchor structures against forces like earthquakes and wind. Foundations must sustain and transmit loads to soil without settling and be deep enough to prevent issues from temperature changes. Shallow foundations like spread footings and slab-on-grade foundations transfer weight just below the frost line, while deep foundations transfer weight through weak topsoil to stronger subsoil using piles, shafts, or columns.

Uploaded by

jeevendra
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FOUNDATION TYPES

Foundations provide the structure's stability from the ground:

 To distribute the weight of the structure over a large area in order to avoid overloading the
underlying soil (possibly causing unequal settlement).
 To anchor the structure against natural forces including earthquakes, floods, frost heaves,
tornadoes and wind.

 To provide a level surface for construction.

 To anchor the structure deeply into the ground, increasing its stability and preventing
overloading.

 To prevent lateral movements of the supported structure (in some cases).

Requirements of a good foundation


The design and the construction of a well-performing foundation must possess some basic
requirements that must not be ignored. They are:

 The design and the construction of the foundation is done such that it can sustain as well as
transmit the dead and the imposed loads to the soil. This transfer has to be carried out without
resulting in any form of settlement that can result in any form of stability issues for the structure.
 Differential settlements can be avoided by having a rigid base for the foundation. These
issues are more pronounced in areas where the superimposed loads are not uniform in nature.

 Based on the soil and area it is recommended to have a deeper foundation so that it can
guard any form of damage or distress. These are mainly caused due to the problem of shrinkage
and swelling because of temperature changes.

 The location of the foundation chosen must be an area that is not affected or influenced by
future works or factors.

Shallow foundations

Shallow foundation construction example

Shallow foundations, often called footings, are usually embedded about a metre or so into soil.
One common type is the spread footing which consists of strips or pads of concrete (or other
materials) which extend below the frost line and transfer the weight from walls and columns to the
soil or bedrock.
Another common type of shallow foundation is the slab-on-grade foundation where the weight of the
structure is transferred to the soil through a concrete slab placed at the surface. Slab-on-grade
foundations can be reinforced mat slabs, which range from 25 cm to several meters thick, depending
on the size of the building, or post-tensioned slabs, which are typically at least 20 cm for houses,
and thicker for heavier structures.
Deep foundations[edit]
Main article: Deep foundation

A deep foundation is used to transfer the load of a structure down through the upper weak layer
of topsoil to the stronger layer of subsoil below. There are different types of deep footings including
impact driven piles, drilled shafts, caissons, helical piles, geo-piers and earth stabilized columns.
The naming conventions for different types of footings vary between different engineers.
Monopile foundation
A monopile foundation is a type of deep foundation which uses a single, generally large-diameter,
structural element embedded into the earth to support all the loads (weight, wind, etc.) of a large
above-surface structure.
Many monopile foundations[9] have been utilized in recent years for economically constructing fixed-
bottom offshore wind farms in shallow-water subsea locations.[10] For example, a single wind farm off
the coast of England went online in 2008 with over 100 turbines, each mounted on a 4.74-meter-
diameter monopile footing in ocean depths up to 16 metres of water. [11]

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