MANUAL GUIDE i

Turning Examples
 Contents
OVERVIEW OF THE MANUAL GUIDE i PROGRAMMING PROCESS 5
Structure of a MANUAL GUIDE i Program 5
Structure of an Operation 5
Fixed Form Sentences 6
DEFINING ARBITRARY PROFILES 8
Start Point 8
Lines 9
Two Lines and a Corner Radius 10
Closing the Profile 10
Saving the Arbitrary Profile 11
Example Profile 11
Modifying an Arbitrary Profile 26
PLANNING 28
Workpiece Drawing 28
Part Blank Size 28
Setup 28
Workpiece Program Zero 28
Safe Approach Position 29
Visualize Operations 29
Tooling and Feeds and Speeds 30
Drilling Cycle 30
Tolerance Analysis 30
SETTING TOOL DATA 32
T0101 Roughing Tool 33
T0202 Finishing Tool 37
T0909 3/8” Drill 42
CREATING THE PROGRAM 45
START THE PROGRAM 47
CYLINDER BLANK FIGURE (G1900) PARAMETERS 50
DEFINE THE MATERIAL BLANK 51
TURNING OUTER ROUGH (G1120) PARAMETERS 53
OPERATION 1 - ROUGH TURNING 58
Start Tool T0101 58
Turning (Outer Rough) Cycle 59
End Tool T0101 71
VERIFY OPERATION 1 73

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 DRILLING CYCLE PARAMETERS 75
OPERATION 2 - DRILLING 79
Start Tool T0909 79
Drilling Cycle 80
End Tool T0909 83
VERIFY OPERATION 2 84
TURNING OUTER FINISH (G1126) PARAMETERS 86
OPERATION 3 - FINISH TURNING 89
Start Tool T0202 89
TURNING (OUTER FINISH) Cycle 90
TURNING FACE FINISH (G1128) PARAMETERS 93
OPERATION 4 - FINISH FACING 95
TURNING (FACE FINISH) 95
End Tool T0202 100
END PROGRAM 102
VERIFY OPERATIONS 3 & 4 103
DETAILED VERIFICATION 105
APPENDIX 111
Fixed Form Sentences 111
Tool Data 111
Tool Geometry Offsets 111
Program Listing 112

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MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples -4- FANUC America Corporation
 OVERVIEW OF THE MANUAL GUIDE i PROGRAMMING PROCESS

Whether machining a part with a manual lathe or using a CNC turning center, much of the planning and process develop-
ment is the same.
1. Study the workpiece drawing to visualize the part in 3-dimensions, noting material type, blank size, geometric fea-
tures and accuracy and tolerance requirements.
2. Visualize the sequence of operations to machine the part.
3. Select the tools required for each machining operation.
4. Calculate the feeds and speeds for each tool.
5. Design the workholding to hold the part during machining.
6. Generate and verify the program (not required for manual machining).
7. Setup the machine (tooling and workpiece coordinate system zero).
8. Verify the program on the machine.
9. First part inspection (using trial machining for tight tolerances).
10. Run production.
Programming in G-code, a CAM programming system or conversational programming all require you to think in machining
operations and only the physical coding of the part program is different. Manual machinist and Conversational Program-
mers often have the advantage over office bound G-code and CAM programmers in that they can collect the workpiece
blanks and tooling right at the machine, which simplifies the visualization and decision making processes.
Structure of a MANUAL GUIDE i Program
MANUAL GUIDE i programs follow are structured and programmed using the sequence of operations. The overall struc-
ture is:
START PROGRAM (Program number, program comment, material blank definition)

OPERATION 1 (Start tool, machining cycle, end tool)

OPERATION 2 (Start tool, machining cycle, end tool)

OPERATION 3 (Start tool, machining cycle, end tool)

..

OPERATION n (Start tool, machining cycle, end tool)

END PROGRAM

Structure of an Operation
An operation in MANUAL GUIDE i also follows a structure. A machining cycle can be further broken down into cutting
conditions, cutting detail and geometry. The overall structure is:

START TOOL (Restart blocks, tool change and tool offset activation, spindle start, coolant etc)

CUTTING CONDITIONS (approach position, initial feed rate etc)

CUTTING DETAIL (optional cutting condition details)

GEOMETRY (geometry of the shape to be machined)

END TOOL (move to tool change position, coolant off, spindle stop, optional stop etc).

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Fixed Form Sentences
Fixed Form Sentences are simply snippets of
G-code used to control the CNC machine auxil-
iary functions. The cycles in MANUAL GUIDE i
are responsible for generating CNC axes motion
to machine the workpiece features. Fixed Form
Sentences are responsible for tool changes, se-
lecting tool offsets, activating tool offsets, starting
and stopping the spindle, starting and stopping
coolant and the other machine auxiliary functions.
Fix Form Sentences may be provided and in-
stalled by the machine tool builder, machine tool
distributor or customized by a qualified person at
the end-user to suit their particular programming
style. The person writing the part program does
not have to fully understand the G-code that is in-
side the Fixed Form Sentence, just how to insert
them in the appropriate places in their programs.
Samples for a simple horizontal lathe are includ-
ed in the appendices of this document.
Fixed Form Sentences may have some items that
must be modified after insertion. For example, the
START TOOL CSS Fixed Form Sentence used in
this example requires the Conversational Pro-
grammer to specify the tool/offset number (T), the
initial spindle speed (S in the G97 block) in RPM
at the approach diameter, the approach diame-
ter (X) and the CSS cutting speed (S in the G96
block) in surface feet per minute (sfm).
When the START TOOL CSS Fixed Form Sen-
tence is inserted, the T, S, X and letter addresses
are displayed with red question marks (?). Each
of these words must be selected in turn and val-
ues entered.
The T-value will typically be the turret station
number followed by the same number for the tool
offset. So for turret station number 1 the value is
T0101.
The value of the S-word in the G96 CSS activate
block must be calculated based on the tool manufacturer’s recommendations.
The approach position will be a little larger than the blank diameter, in the example we choose 4.2-inches which is
0.1-inches away from the part on either side. Since MANUAL GUIDE i also includes an approach move at rapid, the initial
position in the Fixed Form Sentences could be further away from the part without any real cost of performance.
The S-word in the G97 block sets the initial speed of the spindle prior to activating CSS. It is included to ensure the spin-
dle is up to speed when machining begins. This can be easily calculated from the cutting speed in feet-per-minute and the
diameter position of the approach position.
For example, if the cutting speed is 1000 fpm and the approach position is
4.2-inches the RPM = sfm * 3.82 / diameter = 1000 * 3.82 / 4.2 = ~900 RPM.

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Tool Data
Conventional CNC machines use tool geometry and wear offsets. Every tool has geometry and wear offset for tool length.
Any contouring tool also has a geometry and wear offset for cutter radius compensation.
MANUAL GUIDE i requires a geometry offset for tool nose radius for every tool. This is used for visualizing the tool in the
3D solid model simulation and to determine residual machining geometry. This example does not use residual machining
but it does use 3D solid model simulation.
Additional information is also required to fully describe the tool. The information required is different depending on the type
of the tool. Sample tool data is provided with this example, but it is important to note that MANUAL GUIDE I requires that
that tool data be installed prior to program generation. Without it. MANUAL GUIDE i cannot make appropriate decisions
about the tool path and residual machining.

Secrets to Success
Before starting to program a part with MANUAL GUIDE i
• Install a set of Fixed Form Sentences setup that suit your needs
• Markup the workpiece drawing to identify each tool and operation
• Calculate all feeds and speeds for each tool and operation
• Setup tool geometry radius and the other tool data
• Follow the recommended structures outline above

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 DEFINING ARBITRARY PROFILES

Turning parts typically feature an arbitrary outer profile that must be roughed and finished machined. Many part also fea-
ture inner profiles that also must be drilled, rough turned and finished machined. Most of the other turning features have
a more regular profiles that can be defined with simple geometry such as depth, length, diameter and pitch–for example,
holes, tapped holes, grooves and threads.
Most arbitrary profiles can be defined by a series of lines, chamfers and arcs using the soft keys LINE, ARC (CW), ARC
(CCW), CR (corner radius) and CC (corner chamfer).

The main challenge in defining arbitrary profiles is that not every feature is fully dimensioned. For example, parts often
include two lines with a radius in between them. The start-point of one line is dimensioned as well as the end-point of the
second line. The arc radius is also called out. However, the point that the lines meet the arc or are tangent to the arc is not
typically dimensioned and must be calculated by manufacturing engineers. Consider the simple workpiece drawing oppo-
site. The R.200 arc sits between two lines. The first line is a face starting at a diameter of 1.250-inches and 1.875 from the
end of the part. The line is at a 90° angle to the centerline of the part. The second line ends at a diameter of 1.750-inches
and 2.875-inches. The line is parellel to the centerline of the workpiece. The point that the R.200 arc blends we either line
is not specified.
MANUAL GUIDE i includes a simple interface to describe arbitrary profiles using lines and arcs. The goal is to define the
profile using only the information on the workpiece drawing. It includes several helper functions to handle the cases such
as blended arcs and every data input field allows expression to be used to make calculations.
Profiles entered for the roughing pass can be reused for the finishing pass, eliminating the need to describe the profile
twice.
Start Point
When defining an arbitrary profile, most of the data input is around determining the end-point of a line or arc. The initial
start-point for one feature is assumed to be the end-point of the prior feature. However, the very first feature we program
on an arbitrary profile does not have a prior end-point. Therefore, all arbitrary profiles begin with specifying an initial start-
point.
Arbitrary profiles are typically defined from right to left, because the workpiece coordinate or part zero point is typically
assigned on the end of the part. Turning parts are also often dimension from right to left, as in the example case opposite.
The first feature on the profile of the example part is a .060-inch chamfer at 45°–a common turning part feature. We must
specify the start-point with a X-axis diameter and a Z-axis position.
The Z-axis position is easy, it is the end of the part or the position Z0. However, the start-point of the chamfer is not dimen-
sions.
The start diameter of the chamfer is easy to calculate. We know the end-point diameter is .750-inches. We also know the
chamfer is .060-inches, but that is a radius value. We calculate the chamfer start diameters by subtracting 2 times the
chamfer length (2 x .060) from the end-point diameter (.750). Before reaching for a calculate, understand that MANUAL
GUIDE i allows you to enter an expression into any field. So you enter the expression “.75-(2*.06). The parentheses are
not strictly required, since the rules of order of operations means that the multiplication “2*.06” will be calculated before
the minus. When the input key is pressed, the expression is evaluated and the value of ɸ0.63 is entered in the field.

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 ø1.750

R.200
.060 X 45°
ø1.250
ø0.750
ø2.250
4.725

2.875

1.875

.875
.625

.000

MATERIAL: 1018 STEEL

Lines
Defining line segments in an arbitrary profile is quite simple.
Step 1.

Press the soft key.

Step 2.
Press one of the eight soft key that best describes the line direction.

For example the chamfer on the end of the part is moving left and up from the start point, so you would press the

soft key. The next line is moving left parallel to the centerline of the part, so you press the soft key for
that segment. The next two segments are another chamfer moving left and up and a shoulder to the left.
Step 3.
Enter the information for the end-point of the line.
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Two Lines and a Corner Radius
Two lines with a corner blend radius is a very common feature on turning parts. In the example part above, one line moves
up from the 1.250 diameter and blends with a R.200 radius. The second line leaves the blends with the radius and moves
left to at a diameter of 1.750 to the point 2.875. It would be easy in this case to calculate the blend points, but MANUAL
GUIDE i provides and easier way.
Step 1.
Indicate the direction of the first line (we already know the start-point from the prior segment).

In the example we would press the soft key.

Step 2.

When the form requesting the end-point of the first line is displayed, press the soft key without entering any
data.
Step 3.

Press the (corner radius) soft key and enter the radius value.
Step 4.
Enter a full definition of the end-point of the second line. In the example case the line is moving left, so the angle is known.

Only the end diameter and the end Z-axis position is required. Enter the required information and press the soft
key.
Closing the Profile
When an arbitrary profile has been specified, the final step is to indicate where the workpiece blank is to be machined. It
may be clear in you mind as you define the profile, but MANUAL GUIDE i does not know if you are defining an outer pro-
file or an inner profile. For parts machined from bar stock, this is relatively simple. The screen below shows the situation
after defining the last line segment for the example part shown previously.

If you press the soft key at this

stage, when you ran the program a mes-
sage “FIGURE IS NOT CLOSED” would
be displayed.
To closed a bar stock arbitrary pro-

file, press the soft key until the

(blank element connection)

soft key is displayed. Then press the

soft key. Two candidates for

closing the figure will be displayed. One
of the candidate closes will be displayed
in green (1). The other candidate is

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 displayed in magenta (2). Two soft keys
are provided for you to select the correct
candidate. In the example case we will
machine the area described by (1) so

press the soft key. You will be

asked to confirm the selection by press-

ing the soft key.

When the workpiece blank is a forging
or casting, there is a way to draw the
outline of the workpiece to indicate the
material to be removed, using the same
line, arc and corner primitives used to
define the part profile. This will optimize
the machining paths generated by MAN-
UAL GUIDE i and reduce cycle time by
eliminating unnecessary air cutting. This
will be covered in later examples.

Saving the Arbitrary Profile

When the soft key is pressed after an arbitrary profile is defined and the profile is closed, you are presented with
two choices. Either you can save the profile in the current part program, or save the profile as a subprogram. Arbitrary pro-
files are typically used twice in a MANUAL GUIDE i program, once for the roughing and then again for the finishing pass.
Therefore, it typically makes most sense to save the profile as a subprogram.
When you save the arbitrary profile as a subprogram, it makes sense to use the program numbers 8000-8499. When you
reuse the profile created in the roughing cycle for the finishing cycle profile, MANUAL GUIDE i displays a list of available
profiles based on a series of program numbers in the range specified by parameters 14720 and 14721 (14720=8000,
14721=8499).
It also helps to provide a comment that describes which part program uses the profile.
Example Profile
Creating and using arbitrary profile is very important for MANUAL GUIDE i applications, so we will first go through to
process one time with the simple part shown above. We will start with a partially developed part program. Already pro-
grammed are the initial G-codes, the workpiece blank, the tool selection and spindle speed, and the cutting conditions for
TURNING (OUTER ROUGH) cycles.
You can just read through the steps and hopefully understand the process. If you want to create the profile yourself, the
initial program listing is provided in the appendix of this document.
Print out the workpiece drawing so that you can refer to it as we program.

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 The program has already been partially devel-
oped, and the cursor is highlighting the G1120
block that includes all the cutting conditions for a
roughing cycle (see the description of the roughing
cycle later in this document).
Normally, MANUAL GUIDE i automatically jumps
to building a profile right after defining the cutting
conditions, but since we are starting from a partial-
ly developed program we must initiate the arbitrary
profile definition.

Press the soft key until the soft key

is displayed.

Press the soft key.

With the TURNING FI (turning figure) tab selected

and the ZX PLANE TURNING FIGURE highlight-

ed, press the soft key.

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 This screen is normally display right after defining
the TURNING (OUTER ROUGH) cutting condi-
tions.
From our discussions above, you know that the
first thing we must do is specify a start-point for the
profile. In the example case it is the lower right of
the chamfer.
Type the expression to calculate the
START POINT DX (start diameter in X),
“.75 - 2 * .06”.

Press the key on the CNC MDI panel.

Note
If using MANUAL GUIDE i in NCGuide, you can press
ENTER on the PC keyboard.

Notice that the expression “.75-2*.06” has been

evaluated and replace with the result .063.

Also, after pressing the , the cursor moved

to the next field, in this case START POINT Z.
The start-point of the chamfer is on the end of the
part at coordinate Z0.

Enter a value of 0. and press the key.

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 The value of 0. in entered into the START POINT
Z field and the cursor has moved to the next field,
in this case back to the first field START POINT
DX.
Now that all the required information has been
entered, we move to the next step.

Press the soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i provides graphical feedback to

confirm the information you entered was at least
logical. We can not tell much from the start-point
since is a single point. Also note the coordinates
displayed at the bottom of the screen.
Now we will define the .060 x 45° chamfer. It is, of
course a line.

Press the soft key.

Next we specify the direction of the line from the

prior position, in our case the start-point.
Notice that the current LINE DIRECTION iat the
top of the data input form is RIGHT, and that with
a RIGHT line, the only value that can be entered is
the END POINT Z.
Review the arrows on the soft keys for guidance.
Relative to the start-point, the chamfer is a line
moving left and up, which most resembles the

soft key.

Press the soft key.

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 The LINE DIRECTION field at the top of the data
input form has changed to LEFT-UP. Now there
are three values that can be entered; END POINT
DX, END POINT Z and ANGLE.
Notice that each of the fields has an asterisk “*” on
their right-hand side. An asterisk means that a field
is optional, and you do not have to enter a value.
In fact you must enter any two of the three values
to define the end point of the line.
From the drawing, the chamfer ends on the .75
diameter and the chamfer angle is 45°, so entering
the END POINT DX and the ANGLE make sense.
Enter .75 in the END POINT DX and press the

key.

The cursor moves the the END POINT Z field. To

move to the ANGLE field, you can either press

the without entering a value, or press the

cursor key one time.

Press the key.

Enter the chamfer angle, 45. (degrees) and press

the key.

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 Now that all the required information has been
entered, we move to the next step.

Press the soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i provides again provides

graphical feedback to confirm the information you
entered was at least logical. The chamfer appears
to be logical. The coordinates displayed at the
bottom of the screen includes the diameter we
entered (0.075) and the Z coordinate (-0.060) that
MANUAL GUIDE i calculated.
The next segment in the arbitrary profile is another
line moving to the left–a straight diameter of 0.75
moving to the dimension .625.

Press the soft key.

Press the soft key.

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 The LEFT line has only one value that can be
specified, END POINT Z. Note how, by selecting
the LINE DIRECTION, MANUAL GUIDE i simpli-
fies and error proofs the information you can enter.
The most common error you will make in the
beginning is entering Z coordinates. The drawing
states the end of the diameter is at .625, so it is
easy just to enter the value.

Enter .625 in the field, press the key and

then press the soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i provides again provides

graphical feedback to confirm the information you
entered was at least logical. Hopefully you can
see the problem. The coordinates displayed at the
bottom of the screen includes the correct diameter
(0.075) and the Z coordinate we entered (0.625)
but the line is clearly not correct.
That is because our part zero is the end of the
part. All Z-axis coordinates to the left of the work-
piece zero point are negative. We should have
entered minus .625. Let’s fix it.

Press the (figure alter) soft key.

Use the key to reselect the END POINT

Z field, enter the new value “-.625 and press the

key.
To complete the ALTER operation, press the

soft key.

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 Now graphic looks like what we expected.
Just remember, and Z-axis coordinates to the left
of the workpiece zero will be negative or minus.
The next feature looks very much like a chamfer,
again a line moving left and up.

Press the soft key.

Press the soft key.

Again, with the LINE-UP line direction, we have

the choice of entering two of the three possible
values.
The angle of the line is not provided on the draw-
ing, but with a bit of simple math we could calcu-
late or infer the angle.
However, we do have the end-point diameter
(1.250) and the Z-axis coordinate (.875), so it
make sense to enter those values.

Enter each value below, pressing the each

time:
DX: .875
Z: -.625

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 Double check that you entered a negative number
for the END POINT Z (Z) value, and then press the

soft key.

The graphic looks like what we expect.

The next feature is another simple diameter mov-
ing to the left.

Press the soft key.

Press the soft key.

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 Enter the values below (press after each):
Z: -1.875

Press the soft key.

The arbitrary profile is starting to look pretty good.

However, the next segment is a line moving up,
but the end-point diameter is not provided. We
know there is a line there because the start diame-
ter is 1.250, the diameter after the radius is 1.750.
That is a change of .500 or .250 on each side.
Since the 90° radius is only .0200 there must be a
line .050 in length.
Notice that the blend point of the radius and the
next line moving left is also not provided on the
drawing, It is again easy to calculate with a 90°
radius, but could be error-prone. So we will use
the two lines and corner radius feature discussed
above.

Press the soft key.

Press the soft key.

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 Notice that there is only one coordinate value we
can enter END POINT DX, and it has an asterisk
because it is optional.

Press the soft key without entering a

value.

MANUAL GUIDE i provides graphical feedback

with a yellow line moving all the way from the
bottom of the window to the top of the window.
Also note the DX and Z end-point positions at the
bottom of the screen have now values.
tMANUAL GUIDE i is indicating that it knows the
end-point is somewhere on that line, but it needs
more information to calculate the value.

Press the (corner radius) soft key.

Enter the radius value below (press after-

wards):
R: .2

Press the soft key.

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 The vertical line has change from yellow to red to
confirm that something has changed, but MANUAL
GUIDE i still does not have sufficient information
to draw the profile.
We have defined the line and the corner radius in
the two lines and a corner radius sequence. Now
lets define the second line end-point.

Press the soft key.

Press the soft key.

You may remember that in the previous cases, the

LINE LEFT direction only requires an END POINT
Z value. This time, because we have the line-up
and corner radius line hanging around in space,
we must provide a complete definition of this lines
end-point. Luckily, the drawing has that informa-
tion.
Enter the following values:
DX: 1.75
Z: -2.875

Press the soft key.

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 Now MANUAL GUIDE i has all the information it
needs to calculate the blend points of the corner
radius with the original line up and the second
diameter line.
The arbitrary has one last line to define, the face
to the final diameter (2.250).

Press the soft key.

Press the soft key.

Enter the following values:

DX: 2.25

Press the soft key.

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 The part definition of the arbitrary profile is com-
plete, and we now have to tell MANUAL GUIDE i
on which side of the line to remove material.

Press the continuous menu right soft until

the soft key is displayed.

Press the soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i provides two candidates for

metal removal. The area enclosed by the green
lines (1) and area enclosed by the magenta lines
(2).
The green lines identify the material to be removed
in this case.

Press the soft key.

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 Confirm the selection.

Press the soft key.

Create and save the profile.

Press the soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i provides two choices for saving

arbitrary profiles. Ether they can be saved in the
main body of the program, or they can be saved
as a subprogram.
Since most turning arbitrary profiles will be use at
least twice, once for the roughing cycle and once
for he finishing cycle, it makes sense to save them
as subprograms.

Press the key to select the CREATE AS

SUB PROGRAM choice..

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 Enter a subprogram number and figure name in
the fields provided.
SUBPRO NO.: 8010
FIGURE NAME: PROFILE FOR PROGRAM 1010
It is recommended that the subrprogram number
be in the range 8000-8499. This range is specified
in the CNC system parameters 14720 and 14721.
One way to organize programs and subprograms
is to used the range of main program numbers
1000-1499 and add 7000 to those numbers for
the associated subprogram number (1010+7000 =
8010).

Press the soft key.

The main program now includes a subprogram call

(M98) to the subprogram 8010.

That complete the definition of the arbitrary profile.

Modifying an Arbitrary Profile
If the arbitrary profile must be modified, first
highlight the subprogram call in the main program
using the cursor keys.

Press the soft key.

Note the START POINT (lower right of the chamfer

is highlighted in yellow. The rest of the arbitrary
profile is in blue.

Press key several time to see the yellow

highlight move to the various line segments.

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 This screen shows the second shoulder diameter
highlighted.

Press the cursor key move the highlight

back towards the beginning of the arbitrary profile.
To edit a arbitrary segment, highlight it and press

the soft key.

Edit any of the data displayed.

To accept the changes, press the soft

key.
To exit without making any changes, press the

soft key.

When all the editing of all the segments required

are complete,

press the soft key to save the chang-

es, or the . soft key to abandon all the

changes.
Note
When you press CREATE during an edit, you have a
choice of altering the current program (most likely) or
creating a completely new subprogram.

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 PLANNING
In this example we will create a program for a relatively simple turned part with a hole drilled on the centerline. The materi-
al is 1018 steel. The finished part is 4-inches in diameter and 3.125-inches long.
Workpiece Drawing

Ø0.375
R0.125
80°

R0.125
C0.06
60°

φ4.0 φ2.375 φ1.375 φ1.25

0.75

1.125

2.0
3.125

MATERIAL: 1018 STEEL

Part Blank Size

The finished part is 4-inches in diameter and 3.125-inches long. To provide safe workholding and to ensure clearance to
machine the part a part blank of 4-inches in diameter and 5-inches long is selected. Blank size noted on the workpiece
drawing.
Setup
The part will be chucked with 3.2-inches protruding from the chuck jaws. Setup information noted on the workpiece draw-
ing.
Workpiece Program Zero
The workpiece dimensioning and common shop practice determine that the workpiece zero should be on the far right-
hand and on the centerline of the workpiece. To provide a machine face, the workpiece program zero is set 50-thousanths
inside of the workpiece when we define the material blank in MANUAL GUIDE i. The selected workpiece zero is sketched
on the workpiece drawing.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 28 - FANUC America Corporation

Safe Approach Position
After a tool change, tools rapid to a position just off the part called the approach position. For parts that use constant
surface speed programming, this allows the spindle to get up to speed at a known diameter. We choose to be 100-thou-
sandths off the end of the part in Z (Z0.1), and 100-thousandths off the part in X (0.2 in diameter). The approach in Z is a
standard programmed into the START TOOL Fixed Form Sentences. The X approach must be specified when the START
TOOL Fixed Form Sentence is inserted into the program. Since the diameter of the part is 4-inches, the approach diame-
ter is X4.2. This value is noted on the workpiece drawing.
Visualize Operations
The workpiece drawing has two main features:
1. Outer contour that must be rough and finished turned and finish faced.
2. A 3/8-inche diameter hole drilled along the centerline.
Standard machining practive determines that all roughing operations must be completed before finishing operations.
There are four machining operations:
Op1: Rough Turn (leaving 30-thousandths on diameters and faces for finishing cuts)
Op2: Drill
Op3: Finish Turn
Op4: Finish Face

The operations are noted and sketched on the workpiece drawing.

Op1: rough turn (.030 left on dia/face)

Op2: Ø3/8” drill
Op3: finish turn
Op4: finish face
3
1 Ø0.375
R0.125
80q

R0.125
C0.06
60q

I4.0 I2.375 I1.375 I1.25

2
4

0.75

1.125

2.0
3.125

Blank 4.0 dia. x 5.0in long 1018 steel

Work Origin Z - 0.050”
Chuck with 3.2” from jaws
Safe Approach dia. X4.2
MATERIAL: 1018 STEEL

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 29 - FANUC America Corporation

Tooling and Feeds and Speeds
Three tools are used.
The outer roughing operation is performed with an 80° standard turning tool, which is mounted in turret station number
1 (T0101). The tooling manufacturer recommends a cutting rate of 1000 sfm, a feedrate of 0.012 ipr and a depth of
cut (DOC) per pass or 40-thousandths. The tool nose radius is 1/32-inches, 80° nose angle and 93° cutting angle.
The drilling operation is performed with a 3/8” drill placed in turret station 9 (T0909). The tool manufacturer recom-
mends a spindle speed of 150 fpm and a feedrate of 0.007 ipr. The drill point angle is 118°.
The finish turn and finish facing operations are performed using another 80° standard turning tool that is reserved for
finishing operations. The finishing tool is loaded in turret station number 2 (T0202). The tooling manufacturer recom-
mends a cutting rate of 1000 sfm and 0.012 ipr. The tool nose radius is 1/32-inches, 80° nose angle and 93° cutting
angle.
The roughing and finishing tools use constant surface speed (CSS). The spindle speed in surface feet per minute (SFM)
is set in the START TOOL CSS Fixed Form Sentence in the G96 block. To ensure that the spindle is at the correct speed
when reaching the approach position, it is useful to set the appropiate spindle speed in RPM at the approach diameter
prior to switching to CSS mode. The approach spindle speed in RPM is specified in the START TOOL CSS Fixed Form
Sentence in the G97 block.
The roughing and finishing tool RPM is calculated from standard formula:
RPM = 3.82 x SFM / DIA. = 3.82 x 1000 / 4.2 = 909 = ~900RPM
The drill does not use CSS and must programmed in RPM:
RPM = 3.82 x SFM / DIA. = 3.82 x 150 / .375 = 1528= ~1500RPM
The feeds, speeds and depth of cut for each operation and tool are noted on the workpiece drawing. The spindle speeds
will be required when editing the TOOL START Fixed Form Sentences and the feedrates and depth of cuts will be set int
he cutting conditions of the machining cycles.
Constant surface speed program is typical used in turning applications because provides a consistent surface finish and
maximizes tool life since the tool is always cutting at the optimum rate. However, as the tool approached the workpiece
centerline in the X-axis the spindle speed reaches the maximum spindle speed of the machine. This very high spindle
speed can be disconcerting to new operators. Also, there maybe workholding issues some parts and many bar feeders
have spindle speed limitations. Therefore, it is common practice to limit the maximum speed of the spindle when in CSS
mode. There is no good way to predict the maximum spindle speed for a given application, and of course you must error
on the side of caution - it must be determined by experience and testing.
The START PROGRAM Fixed Form Sentence includes a G50 command to limit the spindle speed in CSS. The arbitrary
value of S3000 (3000 RPM) is used in this example.
Drilling Cycle
The hole depth is less that three times the drill diameter, so peck drilling is not required, unless there are problems found
when machining the first part. Peck drilling retracts the tool periodically during machining to break stringy chips and to
allow more coolant flow to the drill tip.
No peck required is noted on the workpiece drawing.
Tolerance Analysis
No specific tolerances are stated on the drawing so shop standard will be used. The nominal part geometry will be used
for programming.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 30 - FANUC America Corporation

 Op1: rough turn (.030 left on dia/face), T0101, 1/32tnr/80°na/93°aa, 1000sfm/900rpm, .012ipr, .040doc
Op2: Ø3/8” drill, T0909, 118°dpa, 1500rpm, 0.007ipm, no peck req.
Op3: finish turn, T0202, 1/32tnr/80°na/93°aa, 1000spm/900rpm, .012 ipr
Op4: finish face, T0202, 1/32tnr/80°na/93°aa, 1000spm/900rpm, .012 ipr
3
1 Ø0.375
R0.125

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples

80q

R0.125
C0.06
60q

I4.0 I2.375 I1.375 I1.25

- 31 -
4

0.75

1.125

2.0
3.125
Blank 4.0 dia. x 5.0in long steel
Work Origin Z - 0.050”
Chuck with 3.2” from jaws
Safe Approach dia. X4.2

MATERIAL: 1018 STEEL

FANUC America Corporation

 SETTING TOOL DATA
Two tuning tools and one drill are used to machine this part. Their geometry must be specified prior to creating the
program, otherwise the paths generated by MANUAL GUIDE i may not be correct. Most of the information was gathered
during the planning stage and mark on the workpiece drawing. The virtual tip and set of the tools depends on the turret
and tool setup.
On the GEOMETRY OFFSET tab:

Tool Offset # Radius Virtual Tip

T0101 Roughing Tool 01 0.0313 (1/32)

T0202 Finishing Tool 02 0.0313 (1/32)

T0909 3/8” Drill 09 0.375 (3/8) -

On the TOOL DATA tab,

Tool Offset # Tool Type Tool Name Set Cut Angle Nose Angle

T0101 Roughing Tool ROUGH

01 93.0° 80.0°
CNMG 432 (edited)

T0202 Finishing Tool FINISH

02 93.0° 80.0°
CNMG 432 (edited)

T0909 3/8” Drill 09 DRILL - 118.0°

The tool geometry offsets and the tool data values can either be enter using the MDI keyboard, or by reading the data
from a memory card. Suitable memory card files are provided in the appendix of this document.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 32 - FANUC America Corporation

 T0101 Roughing Tool
Set the CNC mode to EDIT.

Press the continuous menu right soft key

several times until soft key is displayed.

Note:
If using MANUAL GUIDE i in NCGuide, the keyboard
short cut Cttl-3 selects EDIT mode.

Press the soft key.

Press the soft key.

Note:
In MANUAL GUIDE i, pressing the right-cursor key
when on the top line of a table can either select the next
tab (GEOMETRY OFFSET, WEAR OFFSET and TOOL
DATA) or the next column of data (X-AXIS, Z-AXIS,
RADIUS and VIRT. TIP) depending on whether the
cursor mode is TAB mode or ITEM mode. The current
mode is displayed on the right hand side of the title bar
(TAB mode in the example). The change cursor soft
key switches between TAB mode and ITEM or column
mode.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 33 - FANUC America Corporation

 With the cursor in ITEM mode, press the
cursor right key until the RADIUS field of GEOME-
TRY OFFSET number 001 is selected.

Note:
The current cursor mode (TAB or ITEM) is displayed in
the top right of the TOOL OFFSET window.

The tool inserts used in this example have a 1/32-

inch tool nose radius (see marked up worpiece
drawing). With MANUAL GUIDE i, you can enter
the expression 1/32 (1 divided by 32), eliminating
the need to first calculate the decimal value.

Using the MDI keyboard, enter the expression

, , , and then press the

key.

Note:
You can enter an expression in any input field in MANU-
AL GUIDE i.

MANUAL GUIDE i simplifies programming by

allowing the operator to ignore the radius on the
tool. The virtual tip field identifies the orientation of
the tool so the CNC can adjust the tool path appro-
priately for the radius as the part is machined.

Press the cursor right key until the

VIRT. TIP field of GEOMETRY OFFSET number

001 is selected and press the soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 34 - FANUC America Corporation

 There are no values that need to be entered
for WEAR OFFSETS at this time. Those will be
entered during the machine setup.

Press the cursor key until the first field or

column in the TOOL DATA tab is selected.

Press the soft key to select the general

turning tool type.

Note:
There are several tool types to select from including
GENERAL, THREAD, GROOVE, BUTTON, STRAIGHT,
DRILL, CHAMFER, END MILL, BALL MILL, TAP,
REAMER, BORING and FACE MILL. Selecting the tool
type and entering the tool data correctly is important.
GENERAL is a standard turning tool.

The tool name displayed is the default

GENERAL. Since we will have two standard turn-
ing tools, one for roughing and one for finishing, it
is helpful to edit the default text to identify this one
as the roughing tool.

Press the cursor right key one time to high-

light the tool name GENERAL.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 35 - FANUC America Corporation

 Enter the new tool type label “ROUGH” and press

the key on the MDI panel.

Note:
The text field identifying tools must be 8-characters long
or less.

Press the cursor key one time to select the

SET field.

Refer to the tool sets in the graphic displayed.

They represent the typical set or orientation of
tools in a turret.
A set value of 1 describes a standard turning tool
in a rear turret.

Enter a value of 1 and press the key on the

MDI panel.

Note:
In NCGuide, the ENTER key on the PC keyboard is the
shortcut key for INPUT on the MDI panel.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 36 - FANUC America Corporation

 Press the cursor key one time to select the
CUT ANGLE field.
Refer to the graphic displayed, angle A, and enter
the cut angle for the tooling being used.This is
often referred to as the entering angle.
In the example the value is noted on the workpiece

drawing, enter 93 for 93°, and press key on

the MDI panel.

Press the cursor key one time to select the

NOSE ANGLE field.
Refer to the graphic displayed and enter the nose
angle for the tooling being used. In the example
the value is noted on the workpiece drawing, enter

80 for 80° and press key on the MDI panel.

T0202 Finishing Tool

Press the cursor key one time and the

cursor key one time to select the first field

for tool number 2 (002).
Entering the information for tool number 2, the
finishing tool, is similar to the information entered
for tool number 1, the roughing tool.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 37 - FANUC America Corporation

 Press the cursor key until the RADIUS field
of GEOMETRY OFFSET for tool number 002 is
selected.

Note:
The current cursor mode (TAB or ITEM) is displayed in
the top right of the TOOL OFFSET window.

The tool inserts used in this example have a 1/32-

inch tool nose radius, as noted on the workpiece
drawing.
Using the MDI keyboard, enter the expression

, , , and then press the

key.

Press the cursor key until the VIRT. TIP

field of GEOMETRY OFFSET for tool number 001

is selected, then press the soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 38 - FANUC America Corporation

 There are no values that need to be entered for
WEAR OFFSETS at this time.

Press the cursor key until the first field or

column in the TOOL DATA tab is selected.

Press the soft key to select the general

turning tool type.

Again, the tool name displayed is the default

GENERAL. Since we will have two general tools,
the roughing tool and the finishing tool, it is helpful
to edit the default text in this case.

Press the cursor right key one time to high-

light the tool name GENERAL.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 39 - FANUC America Corporation

 Enter the new tool type label “FINISH” and press

the key on the MDI panel.

Press the cursor right key one time to se-

lect the SET field.

Refer to the tool sets in the graphic displayed and

enter a value of 1 - a turning tool in a rear turret,

and press the key on the MDI panel.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 40 - FANUC America Corporation

 Press the cursor key one time to select the
CUT ANGLE field.
Refer to the graphic displayed and enter the cut
angle (or entering angle) for the tooling being
used. In this example, enter 93 for 93°, and press

key on the MDI panel.

Press the cursor right key one time to se-

lect the NOSE ANGLE field.
Refer to the graphic displayed and enter the nose
angle for the tooling being used, in the example,

enter 80 for 80°, and press key on the MDI

panel.

Press the cursor key one time and the

key six times to select the first field for tool

number 9.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 41 - FANUC America Corporation

 T0909 3/8” Drill

Press the cursor right key until the RADIUS

field of GEOMETRY OFFSET of tool number 009
is selected.

Note:
The current cursor mode (TAB or ITEM) is displayed in
the top right of the TOOL OFFSET window.

In this example, tool number 9 (009) is a 3/8-inch

diameter drill. With MANUAL GUIDE i, there is no
need calculate a radius value, simply enter the
expression 3/8/2 (3 divided by 8 divided by 2).

Using the MDI keyboard, enter the expression,

, , , , and then

press the key.

Note:
Though tool nose radius will not be used with a drill,
MANUAL GUIDE i will use this field to display the diam-
eter of the tool during 3D annimation.

Press the cursor right key until the VIRT.

TIP field of GEOMETRY OFFSET 001 is selected.

If necessary, press the soft key.

Note:
Centerline cutting tools such as drills do not use tool
nose radius compensation, that is why we set the drill to
a virtual tip of zero. However, MANUAL GUIDE i does
use the RADIUS value to display the tool in 3D annima-
tion.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 42 - FANUC America Corporation

 There are no values that need to be entered for
WEAR OFFSETS at this time.

Press the cursor right key until the first

field or column in the TOOL DATA tab is select-
ed.
Initially, no soft key for a tool type DRILL is dis-
played.

Press the one time to display the next set

of tool types.

DRILL is now the first tool type on the second set

of tool type soft keys.

Press the soft key to select the DRILL

tool type.

Note:
There are several tool types to select from including
GENERAL, THREAD, GROOVE, BUTTON, STRAIGHT,
DRILL, CHAMFER, END MILL, BALL MILL, TAP,
REAMER, BORING and FACE MILL. Selecting the tool
type and entering the tool data correctly is important.

The tool name displayed is the default DRILL.

Since we only have one drill in this example, we
can leave is set to the default value.

Press the cursor key two times highlight the

SET FIELD.

Note:
The tool type label is limited to 8 characters. We could
label this drill “.375 DRL” or “.375DRIL” if we had more
drills in the turret and needed to differentiate between
them.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 43 - FANUC America Corporation

 Refer to the tool sets (orientation) in the graphic
displayed.
In this case, enter a value of 2 for a centerline drill

in a rear turret, and press the key on the

MDI panel.

Press the cursor right key one time to se-

lect the NOSE ANGLE field.
Refer to the graphic displayed and enter the nose
angle for the tooling being used, in the example,
118 for 118° for a standard drill (as noted on the

workpiece drawing), and press key on the

MDI panel.

Note:
There is no field for the CUT ANGLE for a drill. The data
to be entered in tool data varies depending on the tool
type selected.

All of the tool data necessary for programming the

example part has been entered.

To close the tool data edit screens, press the

soft key.

Note:
In this tutorial, we only set the tool geometry and tool
data values required for programming. At runtime, to X
and Z geometry offsets must be set before machining a
part.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 44 - FANUC America Corporation

 CREATING THE PROGRAM

Set the CNC mode to EDIT.

Click the soft key.

Enter the program number (1020 used in this ex-

ample) using the MDI keyboard.

Press the soft key.

To edit the program header comment and give the

program a description, press the soft

key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 45 - FANUC America Corporation

 With the program just created highlighted, press

the soft key.

Enter a comment in the text box displayed,

(EXAMPLE TURNING PART 2 in the example).

To complete the operation, press the soft

key.

The comment is now displayed in the program

directory.
To exit the program operations menus, press the

soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 46 - FANUC America Corporation

 START THE PROGRAM

Note:
The comment entered in the previous step is also
display on the first line of the program in parentheses.

Press the continuous menu right soft key

once to display the soft key.

Notice that the soft key has a small turning work-
piece and turning tool. There is another START
soft key for milling operations, make sure you
select the correct one.

Press the soft key.

The available START fixed form sentences are

displayed.

If necessary, use the key on the MDI panel

to highlight the START PROGRAM selection.

Press the soft key to insert the

START PROGRAM Fixed Form Sentence.

Note:
The G-code in the example START PROGRAM Fixed
Form Sentence and the selections available may be
different on your machine. Fixed Form Sentences are
customizable by the machine tool builder/distributor and
the end-user.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 47 - FANUC America Corporation

 With the example Fixed Form Sentence, the mes-
sage “IMPERFECT WORD MUST BE CHANGED”
is displayed.

The START PROGRAM Fixed Form Sentence has

a word that must be modified by the operator. It is
identified by the “?” characters in the program.

Use the cursor key to highlight and select

just the S-word.

Enter the value of the maximum spindle speed

allowed in CSS, 3000 for example, and press the

key on the MDI keyboard to confirm the

new value.

Note:
When modifying an individual word in a part program
like the S-word in the Fixed Form Sentence inserted, it
must be altered with the MDI panel ALTER key and NOT
the ALTER soft key.

DISCUSSION: Constant Surface Speed

Constant surface speed program is typical used in CNC The START PROGRAM Fixed Form Sentence includes
turning center applications because it provides a consis- a G50 command to limit the spindle speed in CSS. The
tent surface finish and maximizes tool life–since the tool arbitrary value of S3000 (3000 RPM) is used in this
is always cutting at the optimum rate. example.
However, as the tool approached the workpiece cen-
terline in the X-axis, the spindle speed reaches the
maximum spindle speed of the machine. This very high
spindle speed can be disconcerting to new operators.
Also, there maybe workholding issues with some parts
and many bar feeders have spindle speed limitations.
It is common practice to limit the maximum speed of the
spindle when in CSS mode. There is no good way to
predict the maximum spindle speed for a given applica-
tion and you must error on the side of caution–it must be
determined by experience and testing.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 48 - FANUC America Corporation

 After manual editing data, press the key un-
til the whole line is again highlighted.

Note:
After manual editing Fixed Form Sentence, you must
always position the cursor back on the last line in the
program (the line before the %) and all the way to the
left so that the whole line is highlighted.

This completes the START PROGRAM require-

ments.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 49 - FANUC America Corporation

 CYLINDER BLANK FIGURE (G1900) PARAMETERS

The material blank is defined mostly for the 3D animation of machining. Note that data item names with an asterisk (*) are
optional and do not have to be specified. The graphic is the one displayed on the CNC screen when that field is selected.
The data required is typically highlighted in yellow.

Cutting Conditions Tab

Data Item Graphic Description
The diameter of the blank (positive value).

D DIAMETER

Length of the cylinder blank (positive value).

L LENGTH

Cutting allowance from the end of the workpiece blank to

the workpiece origin (part program zero point). This value
is typically positive (note sign display in graphic).

K WORK ORIGIN Z

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 50 - FANUC America Corporation

 DEFINE THE MATERIAL BLANK

The material blank size is used to display the

workpiece during 3D animation of the machining
process. It does not determine tool paths in any
way.

Press the soft key

Press the key on the CNC MDI panel to

select the BLANK tab.

Press the key on the CNC MDI panel

to highlight the CYCLINDER BLANK FIGURE
choice.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 51 - FANUC America Corporation

 With the CYLINDER BLANK FIGURE choice

highlighted, press the soft key.

Refer to the notes written on the workpiece draw-

ing and enter the following values in the three

fields using the MDI keyboard, pressing the

key on the MDI panel to complete each value
entered:
D: 4. (DIAMETER of the workpiece blank)
L: 5. (LENGTH of the workpiece blank)
K: 0.05 (the position of the workpiece program
zero from the end of the workpiece blank)

Complete defining the workpiece blank by press-

ing the soft key.

Note:
The blank part dimensions entered in the blank defini-
tion are only used for the graphic simulation of the work-
piece and have no influence on the tool path generated
by MANUAL GUIDE i.

The program now has a new G1900 block whose pa-

rameters are derived from the dialog.

The text below the annimation window explains what

the G-code means. If you move the cursor over each
parameter, they also will be described.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 52 - FANUC America Corporation

 TURNING OUTER ROUGH (G1120) PARAMETERS

The first operation is a outer rough turning cycle. This section explain the various parameters of the cycle. Note that data
item names with an asterisk (*) are optional and do not have to be specified. The graphic is the one displayed on the CNC
screen when that field is selected. The data required is typically highlighted in yellow.

Cutting Conditions Tab

Data Item Graphic Description
Direction of cut for the roughing cycle.

Press the soft key to machine towards the

P CUTTING DIRECTION main spindle in the Z minus direction.

Press the soft key to machine away from the

main spindle in the Z plus direction or for subspindles.
Depth of cut for each roughing pass.
This value is provided by the tooling manufacture recom-
mendations for the tooling and material type.

Q CUT DEPTH This value is always a positive radius value, so the

workpiece diameter will be reduced twice this amount per
roughing pass.

If this parameter is set to 100%, the depth of cut for all

the passes will be the same. If the value is less that
100%, each cutting depth will be less than the prior pass.
If the value is more than 100%, each pass will be deeper
H RATE OF CUT DEPTH % than the prior pass.
The parameter has a range of 1 to 200 (%).
The depth of cut of the next pass is the depth of cut of
the current pass multiplied by this value / 100.
The amount of material to be left on each side of the
workpiece for a finishing cut.
The general rule of thumb is to leave just slightly more
that the radius of the finishing tool. If left blank, the finish
C X-AXIS FINISH AMT.* amount is zero.
The value is always a positive, radius amount.

The amount of material to be left the faces of the work-

piece for a finishing cut.
The amount left on faces is more critical for small
lead-angle tools, especially when finish machining 90°
D Z-AXIS FINISH AMT. shoulders in the +X direction.
Finish amounts on faces are typically small 0.003 - 0.006
inches.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 53 - FANUC America Corporation

 Cutting Conditions Tab
Data Item Graphic Description
The cutting feedrate when the tool cuts in the parallel to
the workpiece centerline.
This value is provided by the tooling manufacture guide-
lines for a material type and application.
F CUT DIRC.FEEDRATE

The feedrate when the tool cuts into the workpiece in the
radius (-X) direction.
This value is provided by the tooling manufacture guide-
lines for a material type and application. If no particular
E CUT DEPTH FEEDRATE application guidelines are provided, make it the same as
(F).

The feedrate when the tool cuts aways from the cen-
terline of the workpiece in the radius (+X) direction, up
shoulders and faces.
This value is provided by the tooling manufacture guide-
V CUT RISE FEEDRATE lines for a material type and application. If no particular
application guidelines are provided, make it the same as
(F).

Detail Tab
Data Item Graphic Description
The feedrate oveeride value for the first cutting pass. Set
a positive value between 1 and 200% (1% increments).
This allows the feedrates specified on the cutting condi-
No specific graphic for tions tab to be reduced or increased on the first cutting
K 1ST FEED OVERRIDE
this parameter pass.
For example, the outer surface of a casting may be hard-
er than the material below, so the feedrate for the first
pass may need to be reduced.
There are two methods of retract at the end of each
roughing pass: (1) The SPEED method immediately
retracts at rapid at a 45° angle at the end of each pass
to the ESCAPE AMOUNT (U). The SPEED method is
faster, but leaves 45° pips on faces that may need to be
removed by a semi-finishing pass before the finishing
pass; (2) The CUT method machines up the face profile
No specific graphic for
W CUT RISE METHOD at the programmed feedrate before retracting at the rapid
this parameter
rate at 45°. The CUT method is slower but produces a
smoother surface for immediate finishing.

Press the or soft keys to select the

preferred method.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 54 - FANUC America Corporation

 Detail Tab
Data Item Graphic Description
The distance that the tool retracts from the cutting
surface after each roughing pass before moving at the
rapid rate back to the Z-axis approach position. This is a
positive, radius amount.
A minimum ESCAPE AMOUNT value can be set in CNC
system parameter 27128. If set, this becomes the initial
U ESCAPE AMOUNT value of the ESCAPE AMOUNT field.
Note the graphic shows the HIGH SPEED cut method
where the tool retracts at 45° at the end of each pass and
does not machine up the face. With the CUT method, the
tool has already moved away from diameters by the CUT
DEPTH amount before the 45° retract, so a smaller value
could be considered in this field.
The approach position in the X-Axis. The X-Axis moves
to this position at rapid before the roughing passes begin,
or before the optional face rough move. This value is a
positive, radius value.
L X-AXIS CLEARANCE A minimum X-AXIS CLEARANCE value can be set in
CNC system parameter 27129. If set, this becomes the
initial value of the X-AXIS CLEARANCE field.

The approach position in the Z-Axis (positive value). The

Z-Axis moves to this position at rapid before the roughing
passes begin, and return to this position after each pass.
A minimum Z-AXIS CLEARANCE value can be set in
M Z-AXIS CLEARANCE CNC system parameter 27130. If set, this becomes the
initial value of the Z-AXIS CLEARANCE field.

Determines how the X and Z axes will approach the

workpiece from their position prior to the cycle (the po-
sitions in the START TOOL Fixed Form Sentence in this
case). Use the soft keys to specify the motion required.

Soft keys describe the tool moves in Z first, then X (initial value).
Z APPROACH MOTION
choices

the tool moves in X first, then Z.

the tool moves in X and Z simultaneously.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 55 - FANUC America Corporation

 Detail Tab
Data Item Graphic Description
Allows the selection of the depth of cut direction.
This field is displayed when CNC system parameter
27100#0=1.
Soft keys describe
S CUT DEPTH DIRECTION
choices

Press or soft keys to select direction.

Determines if MANUAL GUIDE i attempts to cut into

pockets in the defined profile. Note that depending on the
tool geometry, some areas of the pocket may remain.
This fields is displayed when CNC system parameter
27100#1=1.
If this field is not displayed (parameter 27100#1=0),
pockets are always machined.
X POCKET CUTTING

Press the soft key to machine as much of the

pocket that is feasible with the tool selected.

Press the soft key to not machine the pocket.

Determines if MANUAL GUIDE i attempts to cut into
overhangs in the face of the defined profile. Note that
depending on the tool geometry, some areas of the over-
hang may remain.
This fields is displayed when CNC system parameter
27100#1=1.
If this field is not displayed (parameter 27100#1=0), over-
hangs are always machined.
Y OVERHANG CUTTING

Press the soft key to machine as much of the

pocket that is feasible with the tool selected.

Press the soft key to not machine the pocket.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 56 - FANUC America Corporation

 End Facing Tab
Data Item Graphic Description
Determines if rough facing passes in X are performed
prior top to the profile roughing in Z.
This tab and its associated fields are displayed when
CNC system parameter 27120#2=1.

N WT/WTOUT ED FACE MC
Press the soft key rough face the end of the
workpiece blank.

Press the soft key skip rough facing the end of

the workpiece blank.
End facing removal amount (positive value). This is the
total amount of material to be removed from the face
of the part. It determines the number of facing passes
required to reach the Z-AXIS FINISH AMT. for the end of
the workpiece.
Rough facing the end of the workpiece before performing
the outer roughing operation provides a know end sur-
face and may allow you to optimize the Z-AXIS CLEAR-
I END FACE REMOVAL* ANCE amount.
This tab and its associated fields are displayed when
CNC system parameter 27120#2=1.
If parameter 27120#3=1, end facing is performed without
leaving a finishing amount.
If this field is left blank, the end facing allowance is
determined based on the defined profile and the material
blank definition. If the end facing allowance cannot be
determined, simultaneous facing is not performed.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 57 - FANUC America Corporation

 OPERATION 1 - ROUGH TURNING

Start Tool T0101

Press the soft key

Use the cursor key to highlight the

START TOOL CSS Fixed form Sentence.

With the Fixed Form Sentence START TOOL CSS

highlighted, press the soft key.

The message “IMPERFECT WORD MUST BE

CHANGED” is displayed.
The START TOOL CSS Fixed Form Sentence
used here has several words that must be spec-
ified. They are identified by the “?” characters in
the program.
Use the CNC cursor keys to select each field in
turn. Refer to the marked up drawing and enter the

correct value and press the key on the MDI

keyboard to confirm the new value,
T0101 (tool number),
S900 (spindle speed at approach diameter -
G97 RPM mode),
X4.2 (approach diameter) and
S1000 (constant surface speed - G96 FPR).

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 58 - FANUC America Corporation

 Note:

Use the key on the MDI keyboard and NOT the

ALTER soft key to change the Fixed Form Sentence
values.

If you are using NCGuide, the PC keyboard shortcut

Ctrl-ENTER can be used.

After manually editing the G-code, press the

so the last line is completely highlighted

again before continuing.

Turning (Outer Rough) Cycle

Press the soft key.

Press the cursor key to select the

TURNING cycles tab.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 59 - FANUC America Corporation

 With the TURNING (OUTER ROUGH) choice

highlighted, press the soft key.

Notes:
Fields that are predetermined choices use soft keys to
select a choice. For example, the first field CUTTING DI-

RECTION has two soft keys, and

to specify the choice.

Any field marked with an asterisk “*” is optional and you

do not have to enter a value in that field.

As you move between the fields using the cursor keys,

the graphic on the right changes to highlight the infor-
mation that is required to be entered in the currently
selected field.

The CUT COND. tab includes the base cutting

conditions for the roughing cycle.

Refer to the values on the marked up drawing and

enter the following values using the soft keys and

MDI keyboard and press the key:

P: -Z (cut in Z direction – soft key selection)
Q: 0.04 (depth of cut per pass)
H: 100 (first pass feedrate override)
C: 0.03 (finish amount on diameters)
D: 0.005 (finish amount on faces)
F: .012 (cutting feedrate FPR)
E: .012 (approach feedrate FPR)
V: .012 (exit feedrate FPR)

Press the key to display the DETAIL tab.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 60 - FANUC America Corporation

 The values on the DETAIL tab will default to the
last value entered so they may already be set.
Enter the following values using the soft keys and

MDI keyboard and press the key:

K: 100 (no override)

W: CUT RIZE (press the soft key)

U: 0.05 (escape 50-thousandths)
L: 0.1 (approach clearance in X)
M: 0.1 (approach clearance in Y)

Z: Z->X MOV (press soft key)

Notes:
The parameter 27100#0=0 so the CUT SHIFT DIREC-
TION field is not displayed and the direction is -X.

The parameter 27100#1=0, so the POCKET CUTTING

and OVERHANG CUTTING fields are not displayed.
Pockets and overhangs will be machined where possi-
ble.

Press the key to display the ED FACE MC

tab.
Notes
The ED FACE MC tab is only displayed when parameter
27120 bit 2 is set to a value of 1.

This tab specifies whether you want a rough facing pass

to be performed to establish a know surface before
performing the axial roughing passes.

Enter the following values using the soft keys and

MDI keyboard:

H: AVAILABLE (press soft key)

I: 0.05 (total stock on face)

Note:
The END FACE REMOVAL FIELD is not displayed until
after you press the AVAILABLE soft key.

Parameter 27120#3 determines if the Z-AXIS FINISH

AMT. is left on the workblank face.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 61 - FANUC America Corporation

 Complete the data input by pressing the

soft key.

We will now specify the geometry to be ma-

chined by the TURNING (OUTER ROUGH)
cycle.
With turning, the part profile is always a cus-
tom shape so MANUAL GUIDE i automatically
guides you to define the profile of the part.

First define a starting point, beginning at the right-

most point of the part.
Enter the following values using the MDI keyboard:
DX: 1.13 (enter expression 1.25-2*.06
Z: 0.

Complete the data input by pressing the

soft key.

Note:
In MANUAL GUIDE i, always specify the actual coordi-
nates of the part profile ignoring approach positions. The
profile is created with a series of lines and arcs.

The first feature is the chamfer on the end of the

part, a straight line from the start point just defined
to the diameter of 1.25, and at an angle of 45°.

From the soft key menu, select line by pressing

the soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 62 - FANUC America Corporation

 Next, specify the direction of the line from the
choices displayed in the soft key menu.

Select a line moving left and up by pressing the

soft key (LEFT and UP).

MANUAL GUIDE i provides several ways to enter

position of the destination end point. In this case,
the workpiece drawing provides the angle and the
end point diameter.

Enter the following values using the MDI keyboard:

DX: 1.25 (end point diameter in X)
A: 45. (the line angle of 45°)

Complete the data input by pressing the

soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i displays the line so you can

visually check that the data entered was logical.

Next we have a diameter that connects to a 0.125

radius and then to another line at a 60° angle.

Start by again selecting a line geometry by press-

ing the soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 63 - FANUC America Corporation

 This line is a diameter parallel to the workpiece

centerline, press the soft key.

Note:
The end point of the diameter or the blend point of
the diamter to the radius is not given on the drawing.
MANUAL GUIDE i allows us to specify the start point of
one line (provided in the last step) and the end point of
another line and a corner radius or chamfer between the
two lines.
MANUAL GUIDE i will then calculate all the intersecting
blend points automatically.

Since we don’t know the end point in Z, just press

tthe soft key.

The side-to-side yellow line signifies that the diam-

eter is somewhere on that line, exactly where will
be resolved later.

To specify the radius between the two lines, press

the soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 64 - FANUC America Corporation

 Enter the corner radius value using the MDI key-
board:
R: .125 (corner radius)

Complete the data input by pressing the

soft key.

We must now specify the end-point of the second

line.

Press the soft key.

The second line is moving to the left an up to a

larger diameter.

Select a left-up line by pressing the

soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 65 - FANUC America Corporation

 Since we did not specify the start-point of this line
(tangent to the radius), or the end-point previous
line (also tangent to the radius), we must provide
a full specification of the end-point of this line and
the angle of the line.

Enter the following values directly from the work-

piece drawing using the MDI keyboard:
DX: 2.375 (end point in X)
Z: -1.125 (end point in Z – negative value)
A: 60. (angle of the line)

Complete the data input by pressing the

soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i calculates the intersections of

the radius blend points based on the start-point of
the diameter, the corner radius between the lines,
and the end-point and angle of the second line. It
then draws a graphical representation to help you
determine if logical information was entered.

The next set of part features are similar – two lines

with a corner radius – so we repeat the procedure.

Press the soft key.

This first line segment is a diameter parallel to

the workpiece centerline, press the

soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 66 - FANUC America Corporation

 Note:
Again, the end point of the diameter or the blend point
of the diamter to the radius is not given on the drawing.
MANUAL GUIDE i allows us to specify the start-point of
one line (provided in the last step) and the end-point of
another line and a corner radius or chamfer between the
two lines. MANUAL GUIDE i will then calculate all the
intersecting blend points automatically.

Since we don’t know the end point in Z, just press

tthe soft key.

The side-to-side yellow line signifies that the diam-

eter is somewhere on that line, exactly where will
be resolved later.

To specify the corner radius between the two lines,

press the soft key.

Enter the corner radius value using the MDI key-

board:
R: .125 (corner radius)

Complete the data input by pressing the

soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 67 - FANUC America Corporation

 We must now specify the end-point of the second
line.

Press the soft key.

The second line is moving to the left an up to a

larger diameter.

Select a left-up line by pressing the

soft key.

Since we did not specify the start-point of this line

(tangent to the radius), or the end-point previous
line that is tangent tot he radius, we must provide
a full specification of the end-point of this line and
the angle of the line.

Enter the following values from the workpiece

drawing using the MDI keyboard:
DX: 4. (end point in X)
Z: -2. (end point in Z – negative value)
A: 80. (angle of the line)

Complete the data input by pressing the

soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 68 - FANUC America Corporation

 MANUAL GUIDE i calculates all the intersections
based on the start-point of the diameter, the corner
radius between the lines, and the end-point and
angle of the second line. It then draws a graphi-
cal representation to help you determine if logical
information was entered.

That complete the roughing profile of the part,

we now just need to close the shape defining the
blank material to be removed by the cycle.

Press the continuous menu right soft until

the soft key is displayed.

Press the soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 69 - FANUC America Corporation

 MANUAL GUIDE i needs to know if the material to
be removed is the green area (1) or the magenta
area (2).

Press until the soft key to select the

green area (1).

Confirm your selection of the green area,

press the soft key.

Now that the profile is closed and complete, press

the soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 70 - FANUC America Corporation

 You have two choices of where to keep the turning
profile definition - 1. In the current program or 2.
as a subprogram.
Since we nearly always use the same profile
definition for the finish turning operation, it is more
convenient to create a subprogram.

Use the cursor key to select the

CREATE AS SUB PROGRAM choice.

Enter a subprogram number. It is recommended

that the subprogram be in the range 8000-8499
with the last three digits the same as the main
program. So if the main program is 1020, in this
example, make the subprogram 8020.

Add a figure name to help with program manage-

ment, for example “PROFILE FOR 1020”.

Complete the data input by pressing the

soft key.

End Tool T0101

That completed entering the TURNING (OUT-

ER ROUGH) cycle. All we need to do now to
complete the operation is insert the END TOOL
Fixed Form Sentence.

Press the soft key.

Note:
The G-code G1120 is the cutting conditions for the
TURNING (OUTER ROUGH) cycle. The M98 is a call
to subprogram 8020, that contains the turning profile
we just defined.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 71 - FANUC America Corporation

 If necessary, press the key to highlight the
END TOOL Fixed Form Sentence and press the

soft key.

That completes the outer roughing operation.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 72 - FANUC America Corporation

 VERIFY OPERATION 1

It is a best practice to verify each machining oper-

ation as you create them. It is much simpler than
trying to test and debug a completed program at
the end.

Press the continuous menu right key twice to

display the simulation soft key.

Press the soft key.

Note:
The blank displayed is the last part that was simulat-
ed. When we run the simulation for the first time it will
read the blank size and display it correctly. Then that
blank will become the last part that was simulated.

Press the soft key to rewind the pro-

gram.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 73 - FANUC America Corporation

 The soft keys for the 3D animation are like those
used on a VCR or media player.

Press the soft key to display the machin-

ing animation.

The animation shows the cutting rough the materi-

al at a rapid speed.

Note:
The message 5010 END OF RECORD is displayed
because we do not have inserted an END PROGRAM
(M30) yet. We will fix this later.

If you want to step through the cycle step by step,

press the soft key and then repeatedly

press the soft key until the program is

back at the M01 in the program.

To exit the 3D solid model animation screen, press

the soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 74 - FANUC America Corporation

 DRILLING CYCLE PARAMETERS

The next operation is a drilling cycle. This section explain the various parameters of the drilling cycle. Note that data item
names with an asterisk (*) are optional and do not have to be specified. The graphic is the one displayed when that field is
selected. The data required is highlighted in yellow.

Cutting Conditions Tab

Data Item Graphic Description
Depth of cut per peck. (positive value)
Specify a peck cut depth if hole depth is 3 times the drill
diameter or more. Leave blank to drill hole in one motion.

Q PECKING CUT DEPTH* The retract of the peck can be as small as 5-thousanths,
so peck drilling does not significantly effect cycle time on
a modern machine

Drilling operations are dimensioned to the bottom of the

full diameter, not to the point of the drill. However, tools
are set by measuring to the end of the point of the tool.
The go past amount parameter moves the tip of the
K GO PAST AMOUNT* tool deeper so that the CUT DEPTH specified will be
achieved. For 118° use expression 3 * drill diameter.
The go past amount is only displayed if parameter
27020#0=0.
Determines if a go past amount is calculated on the

DRILLING cycle DETAIL tab. Use the soft key

H GO PAST AMOUNT SET
to specify a go past amount should be calculated on the
DETAIL tab.
The GO PAST AMOUNT SET field is only displayed if
parameter 27020#0=1.
The distance between the hole BASE POSITION and
the R-plane where the drill feed will change from the axis
rapid rate to the feedrate specified.

C CLEARANCE

Cutting feed rate. (positive value).

F FEED RATE

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 75 - FANUC America Corporation

 Cutting Conditions Tab
Data Item Graphic Description
Dwell time at the bottom of the hole before retract (in
seconds, positive value).

P DWELL TIME

Determines how the X and Z axes will approach the hole

from their position prior to the cycle (the positions in the
START TOOL Fixed Form Sentence in this case). Use
the soft keys to specify the motion required.

Soft keys describe the tool moves in Z first, then X.

Z APPROACH MOTION
choices.

the tool moves in X first, then Z (initial value).

the tool moves in X and Z simultaneously.

Position/Size Tab
Data Item Graphic Description
Absolute Z coordinate of the surface of the workpiece.
This is typically used to reduce air cut time when the drill-
ing is performed in a previously machined pocket.
Specify a value of zero if machining on the end of the
B BASE POSITION (Z) part.

Incremental hole depth from the BASE POSITION. This

is typically a negative value.
A go past amount should be specified or calculated to
allow for the tool point or to make sure you machine a
L CUT DEPTH through hole cleanly.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 76 - FANUC America Corporation

 Face Position Tab
Data Item Graphic Description
Reference position
Determine if the hole specification depth is for a Z posi-
tive face or a Z negative face (using subspindle).
(-) Depth

+Z
Press the for a positive face.
(+) Height

Press the for a negative face.

+end face
The Position/Size tab and the FACE POSITION field is
Y FACE POSITION only displayed if parameter 27100#4=1
Reference position

Depth (-)

+Z

Height (+)

.
Detail Tab
Data Item Graphic Description
Tooling manufacturers may recommend a lower feedrate
if the material surface is inclined, concaved or irregular.
This field provides an optional feedrate to be used for un-
til the drill is fully engaged with the material. This param-
A START CUT DEPTH* eter specifies the distance to use the feedrate specified
by the START FEED RATE field.

.
Tooling manufacturers may recommend a lower feedrate
if the material surface is inclined, concaved or irregular.
This field provides an optional feedrate to be used for un-
til the drill is fully engaged with the material. This param-
S START FEED RATE* eter specifies the feedrate to use for the depth specified
by the START CUT DEPTH field.

Tooling manufacturers may recommend a lower feedrate

when exiting through or cross holes.
This field provides an optional feedrate to be used for the
last portion of the drilling cycle. This parameter specifies
D END CUT DEPTH* the distance to use the feedrate specified by the END
FEED RATE field.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 77 - FANUC America Corporation

 Detail Tab
Data Item Graphic Description
Tooling manufacturers may recommend a lower feedrate
when exiting through or cross holes.
This field provides an optional feedrate to be used for the
last portion of the drilling cycle. This parameter specifies
E END FEED RATE* the feedrate to use for the depth specified by the END
CUT DEPTH field.

The diameter of the drill to calculate the go past amount

for the drill point.
This field is only displayed when parameter 27020#0=1
and the the GO PAST AMOUNT SET field is set to SET-
U TOOL DIAMETER TING.

The point angle of the drill to calculate the go past

amount for the drill point.
This field is only displayed when parameter 27020#0=1
and the the GO PAST AMOUNT SET field is set to SET-
V NOSE ANGLE TING.

This field is calculated using the TOOL DIAMETER (U)

and the NOSE ANGLE (V) fields when the soft

K GO PAST AMOUNT
key is pressed.
This field is only displayed when parameter 27020#0=1
and the the GO PAST AMOUNT SET field is set to SET-
TING.
Canned cycles for drilling on a turning CNC can either
retract by a small amount (high-speed peck drilling - pa-
rameter 5101#2=0) or retract all the way to the R-plane
between peck (peck drilling - parameter 5101#2=1).
R PECKING CLEARANCE* When advancing from the R-plane to make the next
peck, this value specifies clearance to transition from the
rapid rate to the feed rate. If this field is left blank when
displayed, the clearance amount is specified by parame-
ter 5115.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 78 - FANUC America Corporation

 OPERATION 2 - DRILLING

If necessary, press the continuous menu left

key until the soft keys

are displayed.

Start Tool T0909

Press the soft key.

Use the key to highlight the

START TOOL RPM Fixed Form Sentence and

press the soft key.

Note:
Centerline tools like drills do not use Constant Surface
Speed programming mode.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 79 - FANUC America Corporation

 The message “IMPERFECT WORD MUST BE
CHANGED” is displayed.

Use the CNC cursor keys to select each field in

turn. Enter the correct value and press the

key on the MDI keyboard to confirm the new value.
T0909 (station for 3/8 drill),
S1500 (spindle speed in RPM) and
X4.2 (initial approach diameter).

Note:
Again, make sure you use the ALTER key on the MDI
keyboard and not the ALTER soft key to change the
value of the fields.

Note:
After manual editing data, use the cursor keys to posi-
tion the cursor back on the last line in the program (the
line before the %) and all the way to the left so that the
whole line is highlighted.

Drilling Cycle

Press the soft key

Use the cursor key to highlight the

DRILLING cycle on the HOLE MACHING cycles
tab.

Press the soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 80 - FANUC America Corporation

 Enter the following values using the MDI keyboard:
Q: - (blank) (depth of each peck)

H: SETTING (press soft key)

C: 0.1 (approach clearance from end of part)
F: 0.007 (IPM feedrate for .375 drill)
P: (blank - dwell time)

Z: X->Z MOV (press soft key)

Note:
The GO PAST AMOUNT SET field is only displayed if
parameter 27020#0=1.

Press the key to select the POS./SIZE tab.

Enter the following values using the MDI keyboard:

B: 0. (base position)
L: -0.75 (incremental depth of hole)

Press the key to select the FACE POSIT

tab.
Note:
You may consider setting the base position to .030 to
allow for the finishing allowance on the part face. If you
do, you must also add 0.030 to the CUT DEPTH (L=-
.78), because it is an incremental value from the base
position. In practice, do not worry about the finishing
allowance, because the first “peck” will be a feed move
from the approach position Z0.1 by the PECKING CUT
DEPTH.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 81 - FANUC America Corporation

 If necessary, use the soft keys to set the face
position:

Y: +FACE (press the soft key)

Press the key to select the

DETAIL tab.

Note:
The face postion +FACE is used for main spindle on
left and -FACE a subspindle on right.

Enter the following values using the MDI keyboard:

A: (leave blank)
S: (leave blank)
D: (leave blank)
E: (leave blank)
U: 0.375 (diameter of drill)
V: 118. (point angle of drill)

K: press the soft key to calculate this

field)
i

Complete the data input, press the soft

key.

Note:
Most MANUAL GUIDE i cycles generate a least two
blocks, one for the cutting conditions and one for the
machined geometry. The drilling cycle contains all the
information required in the single G1101 block.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 82 - FANUC America Corporation

 End Tool T0909
That completes the DRILLING cycle. All we need
to do now to complete the operation is insert the
END TOOL Fixed Form Sentence.

Press the soft key.

Use the cursor key to highlight the

END TOOL Fixed Form Sentence and press the

soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 83 - FANUC America Corporation

 VERIFY OPERATION 2

It is a best practice to verify each machining oper-

ation as you create them. It is much simpler than
trying to test and debug a completed program.

Press the continuous menu right key twice to

display the simulation soft key.

Press the soft key.

Press the soft key to rewind the pro-

gram.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 84 - FANUC America Corporation

 Press the soft key to display the machin-
ing animation.

The animation shows the cutting rough the materi-

al at a rapid speed.

Note:
The message 5010 END OF RECORD is displayed
because we do not have inserted an END PROGRAM
(M30) yet. We will fix this later.

If you want to step through the program step by

step, press the soft key and then repeat-

edly press the soft key until the program

is back at the M01 in the program.

To exit 3D solid model animation mode, press the

soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 85 - FANUC America Corporation

 TURNING OUTER FINISH (G1126) PARAMETERS

The next operation is the finish outer turning cycle. This section explain the various parameters of the cycle. Note that
data item names with an asterisk (*) are optional and do not have to be specified. The graphic is the one displayed when
that field is selected. The data required is highlighted in yellow.

Cutting Conditions Tab

Data Item Graphic Description

Press the soft key to finish in the Z minus

direction.

Press the soft key to finish in the Z plus direc-

tion.

P CUTTING DIRECTION

Press the soft key to optimize the finish in the Z

minus direction.

Press the soft key to optimize the finish in the Z

plus direction.
When either of the optimize soft keys are selected, and
optimize tab is displayed. Those parameters are not
discussed here.
The cutting feedrate for finishing (positive value).

F FEED RATE

The approach position in the X-Axis. The X-Axis moves

to this position at rapid before the finishing pass begins.
This value is a positive, radius value.

L X-AXIS CLEARANCE

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 86 - FANUC America Corporation

 Cutting Conditions Tab
Data Item Graphic Description
The approach position in the Z-Axis. The Z-Axis moves
to this position at rapid before the finishing pass begins.
This value is a positive value.

M Z-AXIS CLEARANCE

Determines how the X and Z axes will approach the

workpiece from their position prior to the cycle (the po-
sitions in the START TOOL Fixed Form Sentence in this
case). Use the soft keys to specify the motion required.

Soft keys describe the tool moves in Z first, then X (initial value).
Z APPROACH MOTION
choices

the tool moves in X first, then Z.

the tool moves in X and Z simultaneously.

Allows the selection of the depth of cut direction.
This field is displayed when CNC system parameter
27100#0=1.
Soft keys describe
S CUT DEPTH DIRECTION
choices

Press or soft keys to select direction.

Determines if MANUAL GUIDE i attempts to cut into

pockets in the defined profile. Note that depending on the
tool geometry, some areas of the pocket may remain.
This fields is displayed when CNC system parameter
27100#1=1.
If this field is not displayed (parameter 27100#1=0),
pockets are always machined.
X POCKET CUTTING

Press the soft key to machine as much of the

pocket that is feasible with the tool selected.

Press the soft key to not machine the pocket.

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 Cutting Conditions Tab
Data Item Graphic Description
Determines if MANUAL GUIDE i attempts to cut into
overhangs in the face of the defined profile. Note that
depending on the tool geometry, some areas of the over-
hang may remain.
This fields is displayed when CNC system parameter
27100#1=1.
If this field is not displayed (parameter 27100#1=0), over-
hangs are always machined.
Y OVERHANG CUTTING

Press the soft key to machine as much of the

pocket that is feasible with the tool selected.

Press the soft key to not machine the pocket.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 88 - FANUC America Corporation

 OPERATION 3 - FINISH TURNING

If necessary, press the continuous menu left

key until the soft keys

are displayed.

Start Tool T0202

Press the soft key.

Use the key to highlight the

START TOOL CSS Fixed Form Sentence and

press the soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 89 - FANUC America Corporation

 The message “IMPERFECT WORD MUST BE
CHANGED” is displayed.
Use the CNC cursor keys to select each field in

turn. Enter the correct value and press the

key on the MDI keyboard to confirm the new value.
T0202 (station for finishing tool),
S900 (spindle speed in RPM at ɸ4.2),
X4.2 (approach diameter), and
S1000 (CSS spindle speed in FPM).

Note:
Again, make sure you use the ALTER key on the MDI
keyboard and not the ALTER soft key to change the
value of the fields.

Note:
After manual editing data, position the cursor back on
the last line in the program (the line before the %) and
all the way to the left so that the whole line is highlight-
ed.

TURNING (OUTER FINISH) Cycle

Press the soft key

Press the cursor key to select the

TURNING tab.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 90 - FANUC America Corporation

 Use the page down and cursor keys
to highlight the TURNING (OUTER FINISH) selec-

tion then press the soft key.

Enter the following values using the MDI keyboard

and the soft keys:

P: -Z (press the soft key)

F: 0.12 (0.012 ipr - tool mfg. recommendation)
L: .05 (clearance in X)
M:.05 (clearance in Z)

Z: Z->X MOV (press the soft key)

To complete the finish turning cutting conditions

data entry, press the soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 91 - FANUC America Corporation

 MANUAL GUIDE i now needs the profile for the
finishing pass, We could define a new profile, but
since we already saved the roughing profile as a
subprogram, we can re-use it.

Cancel the profile definition by pressing the

soft key.

Press the key to select the SUBPROGRAM

tab.

Note:
On the FANUC Series 0i-TD CNC, the parameters
14720 and 14721 specify the range of subprograms
to be displayed. In this example, 14720=8000,
14721=8499.

If necessary, use the cursor keys to highlight

O8020, the profile we created for program 1020

and press the soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 92 - FANUC America Corporation

 TURNING FACE FINISH (G1128) PARAMETERS

The next operation is the finish face turning cycle. This section explain the various parameters of the cycle. Note that data
item names with an asterisk (*) are optional and do not have to be specified. The graphic is the one displayed when that
field is selected. The data required is highlighted in yellow.

Cutting Conditions Tab

Data Item Graphic Description

Press the soft key to finish in the X minus

direction.

Press the soft key to finish in the Z plus direc-

tion.
P CUTTING DIRECTION

Press the soft key to optimize the finish in the

minus direction.

Press the soft key to optimize the finish in the

plus direction.
Optimized tab and parameters not discussed here.
The cutting feedrate for finishing (positive value).

F FEED RATE

The approach position in the X-Axis. The X-Axis moves

to this position at rapid before the finishing pass begins.
This value is a positive, radius value.

L X-AXIS CLEARANCE

The approach position in the Z-Axis. The Z-Axis moves

to this position at rapid before the finishing pass begins.
This value is a positive value.

M Z-AXIS CLEARANCE

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 93 - FANUC America Corporation

 Cutting Conditions Tab
Data Item Graphic Description
Determines how the X and Z axes will approach the
workpiece from their position prior to the cycle (the po-
sitions in the START TOOL Fixed Form Sentence in this
case). Use the soft keys to specify the motion required.

Soft keys describe the tool moves in Z first, then X (initial value).
Z APPROACH MOTION
choices

the tool moves in X first, then Z.

the tool moves in X and Z simultaneously.

Determines if MANUAL GUIDE i attempts to cut into
pockets in the defined profile. Note that depending on the
tool geometry, some areas of the pocket may remain.
This fields is displayed when CNC system parameter
27100#1=1.
If this field is not displayed (parameter 27100#1=0),
pockets are always machined.
X POCKET CUTTING

Press the soft key to machine as much of the

pocket that is feasible with the tool selected.

Press the soft key to not machine the pocket.

Determines if MANUAL GUIDE i attempts to cut into
overhangs in the face of the defined profile. Note that
depending on the tool geometry, some areas of the over-
hang may remain.
This fields is displayed when CNC system parameter
27100#1=1.
If this field is not displayed (parameter 27100#1=0), over-
hangs are always machined.
Y OVERHANG CUTTING

Press the soft key to machine as much of the

pocket that is feasible with the tool selected.

Press the soft key to not machine the pocket.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 94 - FANUC America Corporation

 OPERATION 4 - FINISH FACING

The profile defined in the roughing operation is

displayed.
TURNING (FACE FINISH)

Typically, we would now insert the END TOOL

Fixed Form Sentence, but we will use the same
tool to finish face the end of the part.

Press the soft key.

Use the cursor keys to select the TURNING cycles

tab and to highlight the TURNING (FACE FINISH)
cycle.

Press the soft key.

The TURNING (FACE FINISH) cycle is capable

of turning a complex profile, so the choiced for
CUTTING DIRECTION may look confusing. Our
profile is a flat face in the -X direction.

If necessary, set the CUTTING DIRECTION (P),

press the soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 95 - FANUC America Corporation

 Enter the remaining values using the MDI key-
board and the soft keys:
F: .012 (0.012 ipr - tool mfg. recommendation)
L: .05 (clearance in X - preference)
M:.05 (clearance in Z - preference)

Z: Z->X MOV (press the soft key)

To complete the cutting conditions data entry,

press the soft key.

The roughing contour did not include a definition

of the finished face, because we started the profile
at the first chamfer. Therefore, we must define the
face of the part in, a simple rectangle on the end
of the part. The starting position is the edge of
the machining blank in X. Since we have already
roughed the part, we can start at the 1.25 inch
diameter.
Enter the following values using the MDI keyboard:
DX: 1.25 (outer diameter of machined blank)
Z: 0. (end of part in Z)

To complete the cutting conditions data entry,

press the soft key.

Press the soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 96 - FANUC America Corporation

 Press the soft key.

Enter the following values using the MDI keyboard:

DX: -.03125 (enter expression -1/32, one tool
nose radius across the centerline of part)

To complete the data entry, press the

soft key.

Press the soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 97 - FANUC America Corporation

 Press the soft key.

Note:
Since the LINE DIRECTION is already set to RIGHT by
default, you can just confirm and skip this step if you
like.

Since we left 0.030-in on the faces during rough-

ing, we must define out to that 0.03-inch surface.
Because this position is to the right of the program
zero point, it is a positive Z-value.

Enter the following values using the MDI keyboard:

Z: 0.03 (edge of blank)

To complete the data entry, press the

soft key.

Press the soft key until the soft key

is displayed.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 98 - FANUC America Corporation

 Press the soft key.

No specify which side of the defined profile to

remove material, in this case the only logical one
is shown as FIG. 1.

Press the soft key.

Confirm the selection, press the soft

key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 99 - FANUC America Corporation

 The profile is now closed and complete, press the

soft key.

Since this exact facing profile is unlikely to be re-

used, just insert it in the current program.

Press the soft key.

Note that the G1128 is the finish facing cutting

conditions and it is followd by several G-code
defining the machining profile, rather than a macro
call. The G1456 ends the profile definition.
End Tool T0202
Now we can end the finishing tool.

Press the soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 100 - FANUC America Corporation

 With the END TOOL Fixed Form Sentence high-

lighted, press the soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 101 - FANUC America Corporation

 END PROGRAM

Since this is also the end of the program, we can

also insert the END PROGRAM Fixed Form Sen-
tence.

Press the soft key.

With the END PROGRAM Fixed Form Sentence

highlighted, press the soft key.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 102 - FANUC America Corporation

 VERIFY OPERATIONS 3 & 4

Press the continuous menu right key twice to

display the simulation soft key.

Press the soft key.

Press the soft key to rewind the pro-

gram.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 103 - FANUC America Corporation

 Press the soft key to display the machin-
ing animation.

The animation shows the machining at a rapid

speed.

Note:
The message 5010 END OF RECORD no longer
appears since we have inserted an END PROGRAM
(M30).

If you want to step through the cycle step by step,

repeatedly press the soft key until the

program is back at the M30 in the program. Note
that the program automaticly rewound after the
initial run through because of the M30 in the part
program.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 104 - FANUC America Corporation

 DETAILED VERIFICATION

MANUAL GUIDE i has several features to help

you verify a program more effectively.
Let start by zooming the display to get a closer
look.

Press the soft key one time.

Press the soft key twice to enlarge the

part viewed.

Press the soft key, twice. Note that the

window moves down, not the part.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 105 - FANUC America Corporation

 Press the soft key, twice.

The finished part should now be reasonably cen-

tered in the SIMULATE-ANIIMATE window.

You can return to the original view easily by press-

ing the soft key, but do not do it now.

Press the soft key one time to return to the

play soft keys.

Press the soft key multiple times until

the rough facing is completed (see image left).
Note the X-axis and Z-axis positions after the
facing move. The X-axis has moved across the
workpiece centerline to eliminate any small arti-
fact being left on the part. The Z-axis is at +0.03,
leaving a 30-thousands finishing amount on the
face as instructed.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 106 - FANUC America Corporation

 Press the soft key multiple times until the
roughing tool is at X3.14 and Z0.1 (see image left).
You will notice that the roughing passes move
in negative Z as programmed. The Z.01 position
represents the 100-thousands approach distance
from the finished profile as programmed. That is
100-thousands from the finished profile but only
70-thousanths from the material surface, since we
left 30-thousands on the face.

Press the soft key one time until the

roughing tool is at X2.88 and Z0.1 (see image left).
This is the position prior to making the next rough-
ing cut in negative Z.

Press the soft key four times, noting

the X and Z positions.
First the tool cut in negative Z. Next the tool ma-
chine cuts up the face of the part to X3.36. That
is 80-thousands on diameter or the 40-thou-
sands depth of cut on radius that we specified.
Next the tool retracts at 45° 100-thousandths
on diameter (50-thosandths on radius) to X3.06
and plus 50-thousanths in Z. Finally the Z-axis
retracts to the clearance position.
So when the CUT RIZE method is used, the ac-
tual escape distance for the Z retract will be the
escape distance + depth of cut, or in this exam-
ple, (.050 + .040) * 2 = 0.180 = 3.06 - 2.88.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 107 - FANUC America Corporation

 Press the soft key and let the animation
complete.

Note the smoother nature of the surface of the

workpiece after the finishing passes.

Press the soft key.

Press the soft key and let the animation

complete.

The part is processes with one quarter cut away,

so you can see the internal details.

Press the soft key.

Note:
You can also set parameter 27195 bit 4 to a 1 to allow
you to specify the retract distance each time in the
drilling cycle cutting conditions.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 108 - FANUC America Corporation

 Press the soft key.

Press the soft key, then press the

.soft key.

Press the soft key to resize the blank

and then press the soft key to return to the

animation play screen.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 109 - FANUC America Corporation

 Press the soft key and let the animation
complete.

Now you can see the part profile more clearly. (im-
age shown during the finish turning operation.

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 110 - FANUC America Corporation

 APPENDIX

Fixed Form Sentences

<Mode>=1,<Tab>=1,<Title>=START PROGRAM,<Code>=(START PROGRAM);G20 G18 G40;G54 G80 G97 G99;G50 S????;
<Mode>=1,<Tab>=1,<Title>=START TOOL CSS,<Code>=(START TOOL);G40G80G97G99;T?M41;G97S?M03;G00X?Z0.1M08;G96S?;
<Mode>=1,<Tab>=1,<Title>=START TOOL RPM,<Code>=(START TOOL);G40G80G97G99;T?M41;G97S?M03;G00X?Z0.1M08;
<Mode>=1,<Tab>=5,<Title>=END PROGRAM,<Code>=(END PROGRAM);G30U0.M08;G30W0.M05;M30;
<Mode>=1,<Tab>=5,<Title>=END TOOL,<Code>=(END TOOL);G97;G30U0.M05;G30W0.M05;M01;

Tool Data

MGISYS : 0021 14/10/21

%
G1981 P001 K10 T ‘ROUGH’ S 1 A 93.0 B 80.0
G1981 P002 K10 T ‘FINISH’ S 1 A 93.0 B 80.0
G1981 P009 K20 T ‘DRILL’ S 2 A 118.0
%

Tool Geometry Offsets

G10P10001X0.0000Z0.0000R0.0313
G10P10002X0.0000Z0.0000R0.0313
G10P10009X0.0000Z0.0000R0.1875

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 111 - FANUC America Corporation

Program Listing

%
O1020(EXAMPLE TURNING PART 2)
(START PROGRAM)
G20G18G40
G54G80G97G99
G50S3000
G1900D4.L5.K0.05
(START TOOL CSS)
G40G80G97G99
T0101M41
G97S900M03
G00X4.2Z0.1M08
G96S1000
G1120P1.Q0.04H100.C0.03D0.03F0.012E0.012V0.012W2.U0.05L0.1M0.1Z10.
N2.I0.03K100.
M98P8020(PROFILE FOR 1020)
(END TOOL)
G97
G30U0.M05
G30W0.M05
M01
(START TOOL RPM)
G40G80G97G99
T0909M41
G97S1500M03
G00X4.2Z0.1M08
G1101H2.C0.1F0.007Z11.B0.L0.75Y1.U0.375V118.K0.1127
(END TOOL)
G97
G30U0.M05
G30W0.M05
M01
(START TOOL CSS)
G40G80G97G99
T0202M41
G97S900M03
G00X4.2Z0.1M08
MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 112 - FANUC America Corporation
G96S1000
G1126P1.F0.012L0.05M0.05Z10.
M98P8020(PROFILE FOR 1020)
G1128P3.F0.012L0.05M0.05Z10.S1.
G1450H0.V0.625A0.
G1451H0.V-0.015625K7.D-0.015625L0.M0.T1.
G1451H0.03V-0.015625K1.C0.03L0.M0.T1.
G1451H0.03V0.625K3.C0.03D0.625L0.M0.T2.
G1451H0.V0.625K5.C0.D0.625L0.M0.T2.
G1456
(END TOOL)
G97
G30U0.M05
G30W0.M05
M01
(END PROGRAM)
G30U0.M08
G30W0.M05
M30
O8020(PROFILE FOR 1020)
G1450H0.V0.565A0.
G1451H-0.06V0.625K4.D0.625A45.L0.M0.T1.
G1451H-0.853072V0.625K5.L0.M0.T1.
G1455H-0.961325V0.6875R0.125I-0.853072J0.75K2.T1.
G1451H-1.25V1.1875K4.C-1.25D1.1875A60.L0.M0.T1.
G1451H-1.751847V1.1875K5.L0.M0.T1.
G1455H-1.874948V1.290794R0.125I-1.751847J1.3125K2.T1.
G1451H-2.V2.K4.C-2.D2.A80.L0.M0.T1.
G1451H0.V2.K1.C0.D2.L0.M0.T2.
G1451H0.V0.565K7.C0.D0.565L0.M0.T2.
G1456
M99
%

MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 113 - FANUC America Corporation

%
O1010(PARTIAL EXAMPLE TURNING PART 1)
(START PROGRAM)
G20G18G40
G54G80G97G99
G50S3000
G1900D2.25L4.75K0.025
(START TOOL CSS)
G40G80G97G99
T0101M41
G97S1560M03
G00X2.450Z0.1M08
G96S1000
G1120P1.Q0.04H100.C0.03D0.005F0.012E0.012V0.012K100.W1.U0.05L0.05M0.1Z10.
S3.X1.Y1.N1.
%
MANUAL GUIDE i Turning Examples - 115 - FANUC America Corporation
FANUC America Corporation
FANUC CNC
1800 Lakewood Blvd.
Hoffman Estates, IL 60192
www.fanucamerica.com
1-888-326-8287 MWA079-EN_01_1509