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CH 5 Joints PDF

1) The document discusses the classification and structure of joints, including the three main types (fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial), examples of each joint type, and the movements they allow. 2) It describes the parts of synovial joints in detail. Synovial joints are composed of articular cartilage, a fibrous articular capsule lined with synovial membrane, a joint cavity containing synovial fluid, and reinforcing ligaments. 3) Examples of different types of synovial joints are provided based on the shape of the articulating bones, including plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, and ball and socket joints. The document concludes

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111 views4 pages

CH 5 Joints PDF

1) The document discusses the classification and structure of joints, including the three main types (fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial), examples of each joint type, and the movements they allow. 2) It describes the parts of synovial joints in detail. Synovial joints are composed of articular cartilage, a fibrous articular capsule lined with synovial membrane, a joint cavity containing synovial fluid, and reinforcing ligaments. 3) Examples of different types of synovial joints are provided based on the shape of the articulating bones, including plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, and ball and socket joints. The document concludes

Uploaded by

Ibra Tutor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3/7/2012

Objectives
• Distinguish between the three structural
Chapter 5 and functional types of joints
• List the kinds (shapes) of joints, give
Joints examples of each, and describe the type
of movement each performs
• Describe the parts of a synovial joint
• Distinguish between different types of
arthritis
• Describe homeostatic imbalances related
to joints

Classification of Joints
Joints—Articulations
By Function
Where two bones meet Synarthroses—immovable

Functions Amphiarthroses—slightly
• holds bones together movable

• mobility Diarthroses—freely movable

Weakest part of skeletal system

Classification of Joints
By Structure Fibrous joints
and
Fibrous—fibrous tissue cartilaginous
• suture—dense fibers joints may be
synarthroses
• syndesmoses—looser fibers or
Cartilaginous—fibrous cartilage amphiarthroses
• vertebral discs, pubic symphysis
Synovial—joint capsule
Elbow, knee, hip, shoulder, etc.

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3/7/2012

Synovial Joints
1. Articular cartilage- covers bone ends
2. Fibrous articular capsule—lined with
synovial membrane
3. Joint Cavity—space enclosed by
capsule, contains lubricating synovial
fluid
4. Reinforcing ligaments—reinforces
capsule

Associated Joint Structures


Bursae—flattened, fibrous sacs,
―ball bearings‖
Tendon sheaths—elongated bursae
wrapped around tendons—reduce
friction

Synovial Joint Types Synovial Joint Types


• Shape of articulating bones • Shape of articulating bones
determine movement of joint determine movement of joint
– Plane—articular surface flat – Pivot—round end fits into a ring
• short slipping/gliding • Rotates around long axis
movement, nonaxial • Radioulnar joint
• wrist – Condyloid—egg-shaped end fits
– Hinge—cylindrical end fits into into concave (oval)
trough • Side to side, back & forth
• Angular movement • abduct, adduct, flex, extend
• flexion, extension • knuckles (metcarpophalangeal)
• Elbow, ankle, fingers

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3/7/2012

Synovial Joint Types Homeostatic Imbalance


• Shape of articulating bones
determine movement of joint
– Saddle—both ends have Bursitis, tendonitis—inflammation,
convex & concave areas usually due to overuse
• Side to side, back & forth
• opposable thumbs Sprain—ligaments/tendons damaged
– Ball & Socket—spherical end by excessive stretching—slow to heal
fits into round socket
Dislocation—bone forced out of normal
• Move on all axes, most
freely movable position (jaw, shoulder)
• abduct, adduct, flex, extend, Treated by reduction
rotate, circumduct
• Shoulder & hip

Arthritis Osteoarthritis
• Inflammation or degenerative disease • Occurs with age, degenerative
damaging joints
• Acute • Wear-and-tear on cartilage
– Bacterial—synovial membrane thickens, • Bone spurs—extra bone tissue, grows at
fluid production reduced, treated with cartilage margins, restrict movement
antibiotics • Crepitus—crunchy noise
• Chronic
– Osteoarthritis • Fingers, cervical & lumbar spine, knees,
– Rheumatoid hips
– Gouty • Rarely crippling

Rheumatoid Arthritis Gouty Arthritis


• Inflammatory disorder, usually age 40-50
– Autoimmune disease (3x more in • More common in males over 30
women) • Uric acid accumulates in blood
– Synovial membrane thickens into a – Deposited as crystals in soft tissue joints
pannus (clings to articular cartilage) – Great toe common spot
– Cartilage destroyed, replaced with scar • Untreated leads to bone fusion
tissue that ossifies • May be genetically predisposed
• Can be crippling, joints fuse • Recommend losing weight, and avoid
• Bilateral—hands, feet alcohol and certain foods, several drugs

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Reinforcing ligaments are found associated with this type of joint.


a. cartilaginous
b. synovial
c. fibrous
d. all of the above
The arthritis typically seen in old age as a result of “wear and
tear” on the joints is
a. bacterial arthritis
b. rheumatoid arthritis
c. osteoarthritis
d. gouty arthritis

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