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Mo-Hinh-Hoa - Hoang-Ngoc-Ha - Bai - Giang - Toiuuhoa - (Cuuduongthancong - Com)

This document provides an overview of optimization techniques for chemical processes. It discusses how optimization can help address issues in the chemical industry related to energy costs, regulations, and competition. The document outlines the steps for formulating optimization problems, including developing objective functions and constraint models. It also summarizes different types of optimization problems and the scope of techniques that will be covered, such as unconstrained optimization, linear programming, nonlinear programming, and multi-objective optimization.

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anh tho
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90 views23 pages

Mo-Hinh-Hoa - Hoang-Ngoc-Ha - Bai - Giang - Toiuuhoa - (Cuuduongthancong - Com)

This document provides an overview of optimization techniques for chemical processes. It discusses how optimization can help address issues in the chemical industry related to energy costs, regulations, and competition. The document outlines the steps for formulating optimization problems, including developing objective functions and constraint models. It also summarizes different types of optimization problems and the scope of techniques that will be covered, such as unconstrained optimization, linear programming, nonlinear programming, and multi-objective optimization.

Uploaded by

anh tho
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Phần 3: Tối ưu hóa

Modeling, simulation and optimization for chemical process

Instructor: Hoang Ngoc Ha


Email: [email protected]
Bộ môn QT&TB
T. F. Edgar, D. M. Himmelblau. Optimization of chemical Processes.
Second edition.

Bùi Minh Trí. Tối ưu hóa (lý thuyết và bài tập). NXB KHKT, Hà Nội, 2005.
CuuDuongThanCong.com
Introduction

„ The chemical industry has undergone


significant changes during the past 25 years
due to the
‰ increased cost of energy
‰ increasingly stringent environmental regulations
‰ global competition in product pricing and quality
‰ …
„ One of the most important engineering tools for
addressing these issues is optimization
Decision-making process

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Introduction

„ As the power of computers has increased,


the size and complexity of problems that can
be solved by optimization techniques have
correspondingly expanded

„ The necessary tools for solving problem


‰ We will focus on those techniques and discuss
software that offers the most potential for
success and gives reliable results

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Outline

„ Problem formulation
‰ Nature and organization of Optimization problems
‰ Developing models for optimization (constraints or
process model)
‰ Formulation of the objective function
„ Optimization theory and methods
‰ Optimization of unconstrained functions
‰ Linear programming with constraints
‰ Nonlinear programming with constraints
‰ Multi-objective optimization
„ Applications of Optimization

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Optimization

„ OPTIMIZATION IS THE use of specific methods to


determine the most cost-effective and efficient
solution to a problem or design for a process

„ This technique is one of the major quantitative tools


in industrial decision making

„ A wide variety of problems in the design,


construction, operation, and analysis of chemical
plants (as well as many other industrial processes)
can be resolved by optimization

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Problem formulation

„ Formulating the problem is perhaps the most crucial


step in optimization (from verbal statement of a
given application and organizing them into a
prescribed mathematical form)
‰ The objective function (economic criterion)
‰ The process model (constraints)
„ The objective function represents such factors as
profit, cost, energy, and yield in terms of the key
variables of the process being analyzed
„ The process model and constraints describe the
interrelationships of the key variables

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Problem formulation

„ What optimization is all about


‰ Optimization is concerned with selecting the best
value by efficient quantitative methods
„ Why optimize?
‰ Largest production
‰ Greatest profit
‰ Minimum cost
‰ The least energy usage
‰ …

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Problem formulation
„ Examples of applications of optimization
‰ Determining the best sites for plant location

‰ Routing tankers for the distribution of crude and refined products

‰ Sizing and layout of a pipeline

‰ Designing equipment and an entire plant

‰ Scheduling maintenance and equipment replacement

‰ Operating equipment, such as tubular reactors, columns, and


absorbers
‰ Evaluating plant data to construct a model of a process

‰ Minimizing inventory charges

‰ Allocating resources or services among several processes

‰ Planning and scheduling construction

‰ …

Example: See ref.


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Problem formulation

„ Main features of optimization problems

‰ At least one objective function to be optimized

‰
Equality constraints (equations)
Inequality constraints (inequalities) } Model of process
or equipment

Economic model

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Problem formulation

„ Main features of optimization problems

Feasible solution/Feasible region

Optimal solution

Degrees of freedom

Underdetermined

Overdetermined

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Problem formulation

„ An optimization problem:
Minimize: f (x) objective function
Subject to: h(x) = 0 equality constraints
g(x) ≥ 0 inequality constraints
where x = (x1 · · · xn ) ∈ X ⊂ Rn
h(x) is a vector of equations of dim. m1
g(x) is anvector of equations of dim.
o m2
D = x ∈ X|h(x) = 0, g(x) ≥ 0
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Problem formulation

„ Example: optimal scheduling

tA1 tA 2

tB1 tB2
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Problem formulation

„ What is the objective function?

f (t) = tA1 MA1 SA1 + tA2 MA2 SA2


+tB1 MB1 SB1 + tB2 MB2 SB2

tA1 + tA2 = 365 tAi ≥ 0


tB1 + tB2 = 365 tBi ≥ 0

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Problem formulation

„ Các loại bài toán tối ưu (quy hoạch toán học)


‰ Quy hoạch tuyến tính (QHTT)

f (x), g(x), h(x) là tuyến tính


Ví dụ thuộc dạng này có Bài Toán Vận Tải
‰ Quy hoạch tham số (QHTS) là QHTT mà các hệ số trong

f (x), g(x), h(x) phụ thuộc tham số


‰ Quy hoạch động (QHĐ):
„ Là quá trình có nhiều giai đoạn nói chung, hay các quá trình
phát triển theo thời gian nói riêng

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Problem formulation

„ Các loại bài toán tối ưu (quy hoạch toán học)


‰ Quy hoạch phi tuyến (QHPT)
f (x) hoặc g(x) hoặc h(x) là các hàm phi tuyến
‰ Quy hoạch rời rạc (QHRR)
Nếu miền ràng buộc D là tập rời rạc

‰ Quy hoạch đa mục tiêu (QHĐMT)


„ Nếu trên cùng một miền ràng buộc D ta xét nhiều hàm
mục tiêu khác nhau

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Formulation of the objective function

„ Translate a verbal statement or concept of


the desired objective into mathematical terms
„ Example

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Formulation of the objective function

„ Example

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Formulation of the objective function

„ Example

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Formulation of the objective function

„ Example

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Problem formulation

„ The six steps used to solve optimization


problems
‰ Make a list of all of the process variables
‰ Determine the criterion for optimization, and
specify the objective function in terms of the
variables defined in step 1 together with
coefficients (Economic model)
‰ Using mathematical expressions, develop a valid
process or equipment model (Process model)
that relates the input-output variables of the
process and associated coefficients

Problem formulation
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Problem formulation

„ The six steps used to solve optimization


problems
‰ If the problem formulation is too large in scope
„ Break it up into manageable parts or
„ Simplify the objective function and model
‰ Apply a suitable optimization technique to the
mathematical statement of the problem
‰ Check the answers, and examine the sensitivity of
the result to changes in the coefficients in the
problem and the assumptions

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Outline

„ Problem formulation
‰ Nature and organization of Optimization problems
‰ Developing models for optimization (constraints or
process model)
‰ Formulation of the objective function
„ Optimization theory and methods
‰ Optimization of unconstrained functions
‰ Linear programming with constraints
‰ Nonlinear programming with constraints
‰ Multi-objective optimization
„ Applications of Optimization

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Scope of course
OPTIMIZATION OF UNCONSTRAINED UNCONSTRAINED
FUNCTIONS: ONE-DIMENSIONAL SEARCH MULTIVARIABLE OPTIMIZATION

Optimization problems

LINEAR PROGRAMMING NON LINEAR PROGRAMMING

MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION
(OR MULTI-OBJECTIVE PROGRAMMING)

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