01

Protection Relays

MiCOM P12x/y
Three phase and earth fault overcurrent relays

The MiCOM P12x/y relays provides features for easy adaptation and are
suitable for all applications where overcurrent and earth-fault protection are
required.
The MiCOM P12x non-directional relays ranges from the single phase/earth
fault P120 up to the multifunction three phase and earth fault P123.
The MiCOM P12y directional relays ranges from the single phase/earth fault
P125 up to the multifunction three phase and earth fault P127, complete of
voltage and frequency protection functions.
Users particularly appreciate the friendliness of the Human Machine
Interface and the easy setting of the relays (that can be fully set through the
front HMI or using MiCOM S1 setting software).
In addition to its protection function, MiCOM P12x/y provides full
measurement and monitoring information necessary for efficient
maintenance and post-fault analysis.
Several communication protocols allow easy interfacing of the MiCOM
P12x/y relays in most of substation control or SCADA systems.
The MiCOM P12x/y range is housed in the same draw out 4U metal case for
panel or rack mounting with 20TE width (P120, P121, P122, P123 and P125)
or 30TE width (P126 and P127).

Application
MiCOM P12x/y provides a wide range of protection functions allowing its
use in several applications:
• Main or backup protection on MV&HV systems
Customer benefits • Overhead lines and underground cables as a backup on HV systems
• Neutral systems protection (Insolated, solid earthed, resistance earthed
• Integration of function leading to cost- and Petersen coil earthed)
effective solution • MV subscribers, Industry, Transport
• Generator and transformer scheme
• User friendly Human Machine Interface • High impedance scheme for busbar and machine protection

• Highly flexible overcurrent relay

with logic equations OVERVIEW
The following functions are available in most of the devices (see Protection
• Multi-shot Autoreclose Function Overview tables):
• Measurement and metering
• One single configuration software • Dynamic average values, max peak value and rolling demand for the
MiCOM S1 Studio current measurements
• Disturbance recording including all the CT/VT inputs and logic status
• Full set of measurement, metering & • Fault recording
recording • Event recording
 02
Protection Relays MiCOM P12x/y

ANSI codes Features P120 P121 P122 P123 P125 P126 P127
50/51P/N 1 phase or earth overcurrent • •
50/51 3 phase overcurrent • • • • •
50/51N Earth overcurrent • • • • •
67P 3 phase directional overcurrent •
67N Earth fault directional overcurrent • • •
51V Voltage controlled overcurrent •
37 3 phase undercurrent • • • •
46 Negative phase sequence overcurrent • • • •
27/59 Phase under/over voltage (AND & OR mode) •
59N Residual over voltage • • •

32 Directional Power protection •

(Under/Over active/reactive power)
32N Wattmetric Earth Fault • • •
81U/O Under/over frequency •
81R Rate of Frequency •
49 Thermal overload • • • •
86 Output relay latching • • • • • • •
79 Autoreclose • • •
50BF Circuit breaker failure detection • • • •
46BC Broken conductor detection I2/I1 • • • •
Test of output relays (Maintenance) • • • • •
CB control Local/ remote • • • •
Circuit Breaker Maintenance and • • • •
Trip Circuit Supervision
Cold load pick up • • • •

Selective relay scheme logic • • • •

Inrush blocking • • •
Switch on to fault (SOTF) • • •
Phase rotation • • •
CT/VT supervision (CTS/VTS) •

General Features P120 P121 P122 P123 P125 P126 P127

Number of digital inputs 2 2 3 5 4 7 7/12*
Total number of outputs relays 4 4 6 8 6 8 8
Events recording 250 0 250 250 250 250 250
Fault recording 25 0 25 25 25 25 25
Disturbance recording 5 0 5 5 5 5 5
Setting group 1 1 2 2 2 2 8
Auxiliary timers 0 2 3 5 4 7 7/12*
Number of RS485 port 1 1 1 1 1 1 1/2*
IEC60870-5-103, DNP 3.0 & Modbus RTU (port #1) • • • • • • •
Communication Courier (port # 1) • • • •
Modbus or IEC60870-5-103 (port # 2) •*
Via rear communication port (DCS) • • • • • •
Time • • • • • •
Via digital input (external clock)
synchronisation
Modulated and demodulated IRIG-B •*
Settings software MiCOM S1 Studio using RS232 front port • • • • • • •
Logic equation AND, OR and NOT gates (8 equations) • • • • •
RMS currents values & frequency • • • • • • •

Peak and rolling currents values • • • •

Measurements Max and average measurements values • • • •

Phase and/or neutral angle • • •

Power and Energy •

Harmonics values, THD & TDD •*
Metering
Class 0.5 measurements values (P, Q, S, E) •*
Key (• *) : optional
 03
Protection Relays MiCOM P12x/y

MAIN FUNCTIONS Simple Function Selection by Mouseclick with S1 Studio

The P12x/y protection relays are comprised of full
suite of protection functions as well as automatic
recloser and auxiliaries.
All available functions, including protection,
automation, communication, leds, inputs and
outputs, are easily programmable through the
user-friendly human machine interface and/or the
MiCOM S1 Studio software interface.

PROTECTION FUNCTIONS
Three-Phase Overcurrent (50/51) & Earth
Overcurrent (50N/51N)
Three independent stages are available either
for phase and earth fault protection. For the first
and second stage the user may independently
select definite time delay (DTOC) or inverse time
delay (IDMT) with different type of curves (IEC,
IEEE/ANSI, RI, RECT, EDF BPN). The third stage
can be configured for peak detection and with
definite time only. Each stage and related time
delay can be programmed to provide maximum A fourth earth overcurrent threshold based on derived earth current
selectivity. The IDMT stages have reset definite calculation is available on MiCOM P122, P123 and P127 (when no earth CT
or IDMT timer to reduce clearance times when is available).
intermittent faults occur. The MiCOM P12x/y relays have separate instantaneous and delayed
information for each stage. MiCOM P123, P126 & P127 can indicate the
phase(s) in fault by configuring output relays (first stage only)

Functional Overview (Description of ANSI code nos., see Protection Function Overview)

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MiCOM P127 Directional Overcurrent Relay =^bW]\OZ4SObc`Sa

MiCOM P12x & P12y provide simple and complete

solution for your specific application.
 04
Protection Relays MiCOM P12x/y

Three-Phase & Earth-Fault Directional Overcurrent (67/67N)

Tripping
Each of the three-phase overcurrent stages of P127 & earth fault stages of Characteristics
P125/6/7 can be independently configured as directional protection and I th
with specific characteristic angle (RCA) and boundaries. The phase fault
directional elements are internally polarised by quadrature phase to phase

Time
voltages. A synchronous polarising function is provided to ensure a correct I>
operation of the overcurrent elements for close-up three phase faults where t>
the collapse of the polarising line voltages occurs. In addition to the residual I>>
current, the residual voltage must be connected to a dedicated input or
internally calculated as vector sum (P127 only) in order to make possible t>>
I< I>>> t>>>
the directional operation of the earth-fault. Each earth-fault directional stage
measures the residual current, the residual voltage, and the angle between
residual voltage and current.
Current

Thermal Overload (49)

Undercurrent Protection (37)
Transformers and cables must be protected taking into account of their
MiCOM P122/3 & P126/7 relays provide a definite
particular thermal characteristics. MiCOM P122/3 & P126/7 relays include
time undercurrent protection. This function allows
a thermal replica element based on the true RMS value of the current, up to
typical applications such as loss of load or simple
10th harmonic. Alarm and overload thresholds and time constant are fully
broken conductor detection.
programmable to match each application requirement.

High Impedance Three-Phase Differential

High Impedance Restricted Earth-Fault (64N)
Protection (87)
MiCOM P12x range offer the REF feature applied to enhanced ground fault
The phase inputs of MiCOM P12x relays can be
detection on each transformer winding.
applied in the typical high-impedance scheme for
The relays ensure a high degree of stability against external fault conditions busbar or machine protection.
and a reliable performance against internal faults.
The relays ensure a high degree of stability
All the 50N/51N stages can be used for this application. against external fault conditions and a reliable
performance against internal faults.

Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46) All the 50/51 stages can be used for this
The MiCOM P122/3 & P126/7 relays include a programmable function application, the third stage configured in peak
specially designed to detect unbalanced load or fault conditions. mode is recommended for the best performance.

The three stages of negative sequence overcurrent have the same setting
ranges and time delay as the phase overcurrent.
RCA
angle
U
Broken Conductor (46BC)
I
A typical unbalanced fault that can occur on the system is an open circuit
fault. This fault can arise from broken conductor, discrepancy of one
switchgear poles position or blowing of a fuse. ard
Forw g
p in
MiCOM P122/3 and P126/7 relays are able to measure the ratio of negative trip
zo n e
to positive sequence current (I2/I1). This fully programmable function allows
more sensitivity and stability than pure negative sequence measurement.

Directional Power Protection (32)

MiCOM P127 relays provides a full set of directional power protection ne
including two independants threshold for each of the following function : ipp ing zo
rse tr
• 3-phases under active power (P<, P<<) Reve
• 3-phases over active power (P>, P>>)
Directional Overcurrent Tripping Zone
• 3-phases under reactive power (Q<, Q<<)
• 3-phases over reactive power (Q>, Q>>)

Cost effective solution for small generators and

network interconnection protection
 05
Protection Relays MiCOM P12x/y

Under / Over Voltage (27/59)

P
The P127 relay provides two independent under-voltage stages and two
over-voltage stages. They are definite time elements. Each stage can be
configured to operate from either phase-neutral or phase-phase voltages in Triggering power
Active power (P)
single-phase mode (OR mode) or three-phase mode (AND mode). P>
and
P>>
Trip
zon
e

Under / Over Frequency (81U/O)

Time delayed under and over frequency protection available on P127
P< Directional
provides the fundamental form of frequency protection. When the frequency and
P<< Angle
measured is crossing one of the 6 pre-defined thresholds, the relays Trip
zon
e
generates a start signal and after a user settable time delay, a trip signal. 2° 0

270
Rate of Frequency (81R) 90
Q
Time delayed rate of frequency protection in 2°
180
MiCOM P127 is used for severe disturbances when shedding load in small
steps may not be sufficient.
It can also compliment the generator control system to reduce or shed
Directional Active Over / Under Protection
generation when the frequency rises above the nominal frequency at a high
rate.

Residual overvoltage (59n)

P125/6/7 Provides an additional residual over-voltage stage that can be
used for generic earth faults detection, particularly in insulated neutral
Current Transformer Supervision (CTS)
system or as backup at busbar level.
Current transformer supervision is provided in
MiCOM P127 to detect loss of phase CT based
Circuit Breaker Failure Protection (50BF) on zero sequence current occurence combined
The circuit breaker failure verifies the effective opening of the CB by a with zero sequence voltage disappearance.
dedicated undercurrent threshold. The circuit breaker failure function can
be activated by trip of a generic protection or/and external command by the
Switch on to Fault Protection
relevant digital input. The circuit breaker failure protection can be used for
Closing of a circuit breaker might inadvertently
tripping upstream circuit breakers too.
lead to a short-circuit fault due to a maintenance
ground clamp not yet removed. The P12x/y
Voltage Controlled Overcurrent (51V) relays incorporate configurable switch on to
The 51V function in P127 is a combination of I>> and U< functions to inhibit fault protection. It provides an instantaneous
trip when normal generator current is already bigger than I>> threshold: trip during a settable time after local or remote
• Overcurrent function trip will be inhibited if current is bigger than I>> AND manual close, or after an automatic reclosing, or
voltage greather than U< (Generator ON => Live busbar). when triggered by a digital Input (downstream
• Overcurrent function will trip if current is bigger than I>> AND voltage protection or 52A).
smaller than U< (Generator OFF => dead MV busbar).
Selective Relay Scheme Logic
Voltage Transformer Supervision (VTS) The P122/3 and P126/7 relays include selective
P127 offer the possibility to monitor Voltage Transformer presence and relay scheme logic. A dedicated digital input
could affect directional overcurrent. When VTS is detected, overcurrent can temporarily alter the time delay settings in
function can be blocked or changed to a non directional overcurrent. response to the phase/earth fault start condition
Moreover, as soon as VTS is detected, all protection functions which needs of a downstream relay. This function allows the
voltage measure will be blocked (27 & 32N, for instance). MiCOM relays to quickly clear the fault when
used in a cascade scheme.

MiCOM P12x/y:
the easy, safe and fast
way to detect the fault
in your power system
 06
Protection Relays MiCOM P12x/y

Cold Load Pick-up

Cold-load
Cold load pick-up temporarily raises the setting of selectable stages closer

Time
characteristics
to the load profile, avoiding unwanted trips.
Setting value can be increased by 800% during a settable duration. To
trigger this function, either CB close position can be use or an automatic
detection based on a sudden raise of current value.

Autorecloser (79)
MiCOM P123 and P126/7 relays include a 4-shot triphase autorecloser. All
the programmed protection functions may independently start any of the
shots and the user can program which functions are allowed to trip after any Nominal threshold Current
of the shots. This makes possible special reclosing cycles e.g. as requested
for coordination with fuses in distribution with tapped transformers.
To prevent excessive number of reclosing cycle in a short period of
time, a setting can be used to define the maximum number of reclosing
cycle allowed in a period of time after first one was detected. Dead and OPERATION & MAINTENANCE
reclaim times are freely adjustable. A counter stores the number of reclose Setting Groups
commands. This information is free locally or remotely. To inform operator External conditions may request the need for
that autorecloser has been blocked internally or externaly, output relays can different settings. MiCOM P122/3 and P125/6/7
be assigned to theses signals. provide two independents setting groups.
In MiCOM P127, up to 8 settings groups are
Outputs Contacts available to have a flexible management of
Any outputs, including trip, can be latched. Reset of the latched outputs is customer application schemes.
possible by digital input, operator action on the Human Machine Interface Target settings change (1 to 8) should be
or by remote communication (Digital Control System). performed by DCS or HMI since digital input
The two first output contacts (RL1 & RL2) can be used as failsafe relays to status change can only swich from one group
provide a “fail safe alarm” in case of power supply loss or major hardware to another. Duplication facilities have been
failure. Other available relays can be inverted to reverse NO relays implemented to ease engineering work.
operating condition (output relays closing when logical state of the signal
changes from 1 to 0). Circuit Breaker Command
To allow an easy and secured command of the
Communication & Synchronization circuit breaker through the HMI, a dedicated
The MiCOM P12x/y offers a wide range of communication protocols, menu has been created in MiCOM P122 / P123
allowing its utilization in most of the network control and data acquisition / P125 / P126 / P127. It’s now possible to send a
systems (via Modbus, IEC 60870-5-103, DNP3.0 & Courier/K-Bus). It has local open/close command through the HMI after
been designed for permanent multidrop connection through the rear RS485 operator confirmation.
communication port. A second RS485 is optionaly available on MiCOM
P127 for maintenance purpose with Modbus or IEC 60870-5-103.
The MiCOM P12x/y incorporates an internal clock to allow a 1ms accuracy
time tagging of alarms, events, fault and disturbance record. To avoid any
drifting of the time tagging clock, it’s necessary to periodically synchronize
the relays. To do this P12x/y offers two solutions:

• Synchronization from the substation control system via the rear

communication port
• Synchronization from an external GPS clock via a dedicated digital input
• Synchronization from an external GPS clock via a modulated or
demodulated IRIG-B signal (P127 only)

Proven protection
as safe, simple and
versatile as your
application needs
 07
Protection Relays MiCOM P12x/y

Multi-language User Interface (HMI)

All functions, including protection, automation,
communication, LEDs, inputs and outputs, can
be programmed and modified using the front
panel user interface (Human Machine Interface).
The backlit LCD informs the user about settings,
measurements & faults thanks to the pull-down
structure menu allowing easy and quick access
to any data. Moreover, the following languages
can be settable in most of the relays: French,
English, Spanish, Portuguese, Turkish, Polish,
Russian, Chinese, Dutch, German, Italian, Czech,
Hungarian and Greek.

Clear Key Read Key

Example of disturbance record

Trip Led
Fault Recording
The last 25 faults are stored inside the MiCOM P12x/y relays.
Alarm Led
Each fault includes: Record number/ Fault time / Active setting group /
Faulted phase / Protection operation / Magnitude of input quantities. Fault
Device fail.
indicator helps the user to clearly identify the fault and to monitor relay
Cursor
Power setting and operations as all information are available on the relay HMI.
Keys
Supply
Fault records are stored on a non volatile flash memory.

Freely
Programmable Disturbance Recording
Leds RS 232 Up to 5 disturbance files are stored in the relays. Even if the total duration
is fixed to 15s, it can be fully adjustable for easy adaptation to customer
requirements (1s / 3s / 5s / 7s / 9s).
Battery is not used anymore
There are stored in COMTRADE format.
The disturbance recording function is triggered either by any of
the programmed thresholds or by an external input, or through the
Circuit Breaker Monitoring and Supervision communications. All digital and analogical information are stored in a flash
Circuit-breaker preventive maintenance is an memory and can be transferred using the front communication port or the
advanced function provided by the MiCOM rear port to be used by an external data analyser. Disturbance records are
P122/3 and P126/7 relays with adjustable closing stored on a non volatile flash memory.
and opening time measurements. All fault phase
currents I or I2 are cumulated to inform about
total interrupted current. These relays allow trip Logic Equations
Gate logic
circuit supervision by using a specific input. The MiCOM P121/2/3 Optos
Relays
contacts
& P126/7 relays
integrate complete Protection
Event Recording logic equations to elements

250 events are stored in MiCOM P12x/y relays allow customization of

(even after a power supply loss) Events include the product based on
Automatic Timers LED's
inputs/outputs, change of status, alarms and customer application. Control
contact operations. To upload them, it is possible
to use the RS232 front port (MiCOM S1 Studio) Up to 8 independent Boolean equations can be used. Each equation offers
or the rear serial port (DCS). Event records are the possibility to use AND, OR & NOT logical gates. Up to 16 parameters
stored on a non volatile flash memory. can be used for each equation including any threshold and opto-input
status. Every result of equation can be time delayed, reused in another
equation (P126/P127) and assigned to any output relays, trip, trip latching
and/or HMI LEDs.
Each boolean equation result can be alarmed or not.
 08
Protection Relays MiCOM P12x/y

MiCOM S1 Studio Support Software

A Support Software MiCOM S1 Studio is available for the entire MiCOM
family, including P12x/y relays.
S1 Studio is fully WindowsTM compatible. This support Software allows easy
setting of any MiCOM P12x/y model, preparing, storing, and retrieving
setting files for further download on relay. In addition S1 Studio makes Device track record
possible reading measurements and downloading event, fault and
disturbance records for post-fault analysis purpose.
• OPN/MODN: First Numerical overcurrent
Hardware and Case relay launched in 1988. More than 9.800
MiCOM P12x/y are based on advanced numerical technology. All the devices installed.
models of the MiCOM P12x/y series have a 4U draw out metal case, and
can be flush-mounted in switchboard or panel or rack-mounted. • PS4xx: First Numerical overcurrent relay
launched in 1990. More than 25.000
All the CT inputs are automatically short-circuited as soon as the active unit
is withdrawn in its case. devices installed.

To insure a compliance with any auxiliary voltage source and minimize • MX3AMxxx: First Numerical overcurrent
variants, a universal power supply board from 24 to 250Vac/dc is available
relay launched in 1995. More than
along the MiCOM P12x/y range.
14.000 devices installed.

Wiring • MiCOM P12x and P12y range: First

External connections are made via MIDOS type terminal blocks. Each MiCOM P20 Numerical overcurrent relay
connection includes two 4.8 mm Faston and one M4 screw fixing. The wiring launched in 1998. More than 250.000
for all the MiCOM P12x/y are standard to provide maximum compatibility. devices installed.

ART838319 © 2011 Schneider Electric Industries SAS - All rights reserved

Schneider Electric Industries SAS

35, rue Joseph Monier As standards, specifications and designs change from time
CS 30323 to time, please ask for confirmation of the information given
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Tel.: +33 (0) 1 41 29 70 00
RCS Nanterre 954 503 439 Design: Schneider Electric Industries SAS - Sonovision
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