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Lab 2

The program calculates the arithmetic expression e=((a+b*c-d)/f+g*h)/i. It considers a, d, f as words and b, c, g, h, i as bytes. It converts the divisor f to double word to perform division. Only the quotient of divisions are of interest, with the result being a byte. It contains data declarations for the variables and performs the calculations using MASM instructions.

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Nelu Turcanu
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82 views

Lab 2

The program calculates the arithmetic expression e=((a+b*c-d)/f+g*h)/i. It considers a, d, f as words and b, c, g, h, i as bytes. It converts the divisor f to double word to perform division. Only the quotient of divisions are of interest, with the result being a byte. It contains data declarations for the variables and performs the calculations using MASM instructions.

Uploaded by

Nelu Turcanu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ministerul Educației al Republicii Moldova

Universitatea Tehnică din Moldova


Facultatea de Calculatoare, Informatică și Microelectronică
Departamentul IS

REFERAT
Lucrare de laborator Nr 2
La disciplina “Arhitectura Calculatoarelor”

1. SCOPUL LUCRARII

Lucrarea prezinta instructiunile pentru transferuri de date, instructiuni in


aritmetica binara si in aritmetica BCD.
Codul din p.3.1 comentat:
INCLUDE Irvine32.inc
.data
alfa DW 3 DUP(?)
.code
main proc
mov ax,17 ; adresare indirecta a operandului sursa
mov ax,10101b ;
mov ax,11b ;
mov ax,21o ;
mov alfa,ax ; Adresare directa a operandului destinatie
mov cx,ax ; Interschimba registrele ax si bx
mov ax,bx ; Folosind registrul cx
mov ax,cx ;
xchg ax,bx ; Interschimba direct cele 2 registre.
mov si,2
mov alfa[si],ax ; Adresare relativa cu registrul si
mov esi,2
mov ebx,offset alfa ; Adresare imediata a operandului sursa
lea ebx,alfa ; Acelasi efect
mov ecx,[ebx][esi] ; Adresare bazata indexata a sursei
mov cx,alfa[2] ; Acelasi efect.
mov cx,[alfa+2] ; Acelasi efect
mov di,4
mov byte ptr [ebx][edi],55h ;
mov esi,2
mov ebx,3
mov alfa[ebx][esi],33h ; Adresare bazata indexata relativa a
; destinatiei
mov alfa[ebx+esi],33h ; Notatii echivalente
mov [alfa+ebx+esi],33h
mov [ebx][esi]+alfa,33h

exit
main ENDP
END main

Listingul acestui program


00000000 .data
00000000 00000003 [ alfa WORD 3 DUP(?)
0000
]

00000000 .code
00000000 main proc
00000000 66| B8 0011 mov ax,17
00000004 66| B8 0015 mov ax,10101b
00000008 66| B8 0003 mov ax,11b
0000000C 66| B8 0011 mov ax,21o
00000010 66| A3 mov alfa,ax
00000000 R
00000016 66| 8B C8 mov cx,ax
00000019 66| 8B C3 mov ax,bx
0000001C 66| 8B C1 mov ax,cx

0000001F 66| 93 xchg ax,bx


00000021 66| BE 0002 mov si,2
00000025 66| 89 04 35 mov alfa[si],ax
00000000 R
0000002D BE 00000002 mov esi,2
00000032 BB 00000000 R mov ebx,offset alfa
00000037 8D 1D 00000000 R lea ebx,alfa
0000003D 8B 0C 1E mov ecx,[ebx][esi]
00000040 66| 8B 0D mov cx,alfa[2]
00000002 R
00000047 66| 8B 0D mov cx,[alfa+2]
00000002 R
0000004E 66| BF 0004 mov di,4
00000052 C6 04 1F 55 mov byte ptr [ebx][edi],55h
00000056 BE 00000002 mov esi,2
0000005B BB 00000003 mov ebx,3
00000060 66| C7 84 1E mov alfa[ebx][esi],33h
00000000 R
0033
0000006A 66| C7 84 1E mov alfa[ebx+esi], 33h
00000000 R
0033
00000074 66| C7 84 1E mov [alfa+ebx+esi], 33h
00000000 R
0033
0000007E 66| C7 84 1E mov [ebx][esi]+alfa, 33h
00000000 R
0033
exit
00000088 6A 00 * push +000000000h
0000008A E8 00000000 E * call ExitProcess
0000008F main ENDP
END main

3.2. Sa se calculeze expresia aritmetica: e=((a+b*c-d)/f+g*h)/i.


INCLUDE Irvine32.inc

; Sa se calculeze expresia aritmetica: e=((a+b*c-d)/f+g*h)/i


; se considera a, d, f – cuvant b, c, g, h, i –byte
; ca sa putem executa impartirea cu f convertim impartitorul la dublucuvânt
; ne vor interesa doar caturile impartirilor, rezultatul va fi de tip octet

.data
a dw 5
b db 6
cd db 10
d dw 5
f dw 6
g db 10
h db 11
i db 10
interm dw ?
rez db ?

.code
main proc
mov eax,0
mov al, b
imul cd ; in ax avem b*c
add ax, a ; ax=b*c+a
sub ax, d ; ax=b*c+a-d
cwd ; am convertit cuvantul din ax, in dublu cuvantul , retinut in
dx:ax
idiv f ; obtinem câtul în ax si restul în dx ax=(a+b*c-d)/f
mov interm, ax ; interm=(a+b*c-d)/f
mov al, g
imul h ; ax=g*h
add ax, interm ; ax=(a+b*c-d)/f+g*h
idiv i ; se obtine catul în al si restul în ah
mov rez, al
exit
main ENDP
END main

Listingul programului:
00000000 .data
00000000 0005 a dw 5
00000002 06 b db 6
00000003 0A cd db 10
00000004 0005 d dw 5
00000006 0006 f dw 6
00000008 0A g db 10
00000009 0B h db 11
0000000A 0A i db 10
0000000B 0000 interm dw ?
0000000D 00 rez db ?

00000000 .code
00000000 main proc
00000000 B8 00000000 mov eax,0
00000005 A0 00000002 R mov al, b
0000000A F6 2D 00000003 R imul cd
00000010 66| 03 05 add ax, a ; ax=b*c+a
00000000 R
00000017 66| 2B 05 sub ax, d ; ax=b*c+a-d
00000004 R
0000001E 66| 99 cwd
00000020 66| F7 3D idiv f
00000006 R
00000027 66| A3 mov interm, ax
0000000B R
0000002D A0 00000008 R mov al, g
00000032 F6 2D 00000009 R imul h
00000038 66| 03 05 add ax, interm
0000000B R
0000003F F6 3D 0000000A R idiv i
00000045 A2 0000000D R mov rez, al

exit
0000004A 6A 00 * push +000000000h
0000004C E8 00000000 E * call ExitProcess
00000051 main ENDP
END main
Problema propusa:
15. z=((a+b*c-d)/f+h)/g

INCLUDE Irvine32.inc

.data
a dw 5
b db 6
cd db 10
d dw 5
f dw 6
g db 10
h db 11
i db 10
interm dw ?
rez db ?

.code
main proc
mov eax,0
mov al, b
imul cd ; in ax avem b*c
add ax, a ; ax=b*c+a
sub ax, d ; ax=b*c+a-d
cwd ; am convertit cuvantul din ax, in dublu cuvantul , retinut in
dx:ax
idiv f ; obtinem câtul în ax si restul în dx ax=(a+b*c-d)/f
mov interm, ax ; interm=(a+b*c-d)/f
mov al, g
imul h ; ax=g*h
add ax, interm ; ax=(a+b*c-d)/f+g*h
idiv i ; se obtine catul în al si restul în ah
mov rez, al

exit
main ENDP
END main

Debugging
Listing file
Microsoft (R) Macro Assembler Version 14.25.28614.0 05/19/20 17:48:44
pr3_2.asm Page 1 - 1

INCLUDE Irvine32.inc
C ; Include file for Irvine32.lib (Irvine32.inc)
C
C ;OPTION CASEMAP:NONE ; optional: make
identifiers case-sensitive
C
C INCLUDE SmallWin.inc ; MS-Windows prototypes,
structures, and constants
C .NOLIST
C .LIST
C
C INCLUDE VirtualKeys.inc
C ; VirtualKeys.inc
C .NOLIST
C .LIST
C
C
C .NOLIST
C .LIST
C

; Sa se calculeze expresia aritmetica: e=((a+b*c-


d)/f+g*h)/i
; se considera a, d, f – cuvant b, c, g, h, i –byte
; ca sa putem executa impartirea cu f convertim
impartitorul la dublucuvânt
; ne vor interesa doar caturile impartirilor,
rezultatul va fi de tip octet

00000000 .data
00000000 0005 a dw 5
00000002 06 b db 6
00000003 0A cd db 10
00000004 0005 d dw 5
00000006 0006 f dw 6
00000008 0A g db 10
00000009 0B h db 11
0000000A 0A i db 10
0000000B 0000 interm dw ?
0000000D 00 rez db ?

00000000 .code
00000000 main proc
00000000 B8 00000000 mov eax,0
00000005 A0 00000002 R mov al, b
0000000A F6 2D 00000003 R imul cd ; in ax avem b*c
00000010 66| 03 05 add ax, a ; ax=b*c+a
00000000 R
00000017 66| 2B 05 sub ax, d ; ax=b*c+a-d
00000004 R
0000001E 66| 99 cwd ; am convertit cuvantul din ax, in
dublu cuvantul , retinut in dx:ax
00000020 66| F7 3D idiv f ; obtinem câtul în ax si
restul în dx ax=(a+b*c-d)/f
00000006 R
00000027 66| A3 mov interm, ax ; interm=(a+b*c-d)/f
0000000B R
0000002D A0 00000008 R mov al, g
00000032 F6 2D 00000009 R imul h ; ax=g*h
00000038 66| 03 05 add ax, interm ; ax=(a+b*c-d)/f+g*h
0000000B R
0000003F F6 3D 0000000A R idiv i ; se obtine catul în al si
restul în ah
00000045 A2 0000000D R mov rez, al

exit
0000004A 6A 00 * push +000000000h
0000004C E8 00000000 E * call ExitProcess
00000051 main ENDP
END main
_Microsoft (R) Macro Assembler Version 14.25.28614.0 05/19/20 17:48:44

Concluzie:
In aceasta lucrare de laborator am invatat tipurile de tade al
microprocesorului, conversia numerelor in diferite baze. In
urma acesteea, a fost elaborat un program de calculare a unei
expresii matematice.

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