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Simulation Software Based Analysis of Automotive Radiators: A Review

Article · February 2019

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2563431

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 Journal of Automation and Automobile Engineering
Volume 4 Issue 1

Simulation Software Based Analysis of Automotive Radiators: A

Review
Abhishek Gakare1,*, Ashutosh Sharma2, Mr. Gaurav Saxena3
1, 2
M.Tech Students, 3Assistant Professor
Department of Automobile Engineering, Rustamji Institute of Technology, BSF Academy Tekanpur,
Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
*Email: [email protected]
DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2563431
Abstract
The thermal execution of a vehicle radiator assumes an essential role in the execution of a
vehicles-cooling system and all other connected system. For various years, this element has
experienced little consideration with almost no changing in its built-up cost, geometry and
operation. Compared with the longstanding tubular heat exchangers at present frame the
foundation of the present procedure industry with their innovative performance reading
levels tubular heat exchangers they are commonly utilized. Present review focuses on the
different research with respect to CFD Analysis to increase vehicle radiator efficiency.
present paper is an examination about the impact of different parameters like size of radiator
core, way flow of working fluid, frontal zone of radiator, space in fins, pitch area of tube,
tube and fin shape, mass flow rate of coolant, fins material, velocity of fluid, pitch area of
tube, inlet temperature of air and different parameters to develop vehicle radiator
determination and efficiency of advanced geometry from above parametric investigation. The
Computational fluid elements (CFD) simulations were comparing the pressure drop and heat
transfer of heat exchanger with various parameters for ideal performance. CFD results have
high correspondence level by authentic experimental outcomes. Several results of review
recommend that CFD have been shown very effective in decreasing production cost and
testing time.

Keywords: Radiators, CFD, Cooling performance, Heat transfer, ANSYS CFX

INTRODUCTION characteristics for one such optimum

Vehicle Radiator are pleasant very power- design as a possible replacement for the
packed with expanding capacity to weight conventional automobile radiators [2]. Fins
or volume ratio. Expanded interest on are used to increase heat transfer area on
power packed radiators, which can the airside, since the air has the largest
dissipate upper limit quantity of heat for influence on the overall heat transfer rate,
some given space. The Panel radiators are mass flow rate of air, pitch of tube and
the most generally utilized central-heating coolants are analyze successfully using
emitters to warm most homes and numerical simulation built in commercial
workplaces in Europe. There is popularity software ansys12.1. CFD analysis gives
for panel radiators because of their accurate and exact result. Role of CFD is
reduced structure and less place very vital nowadays as a design tool. For
necessities. 80% of the heat yield from CFD simulation various commercial
radiators is natural convection, 20% of the software are available in market. Modeling
heat yield from radiators is radiation. is done by CAD then whole discretization
Although radiators are known as radiator, model is resolved into small cells by
most of their output is by natural meshing. Apply main equation to discrete
convection [1]. Using computational fluid element and calculated them through CFD
dynamics (CFD) to model the flow of fluid solver. Numerical results are found
and heat transfer performance concerning temperature distribution,
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 Journal of Automation and Automobile Engineering
Volume 4 Issue 1

pressure distribution air flow distribution this model is as per requirement, its
and so on. Then result is elevated and that prototype will be manufactured and tested
result is authenticated against base data. If then produce for real world applications [3].

Figure 1: Process Flow Diagram of CFD Analysis.

REVIEW ON CFD ANALYSIS concluded that heat transfer rate is more.

Yeduru Jyothi et al., [4] developed a model
of fin with louvered section. The two kinds R. K. Jaya Kumar et al., [5]
of fins are taken with the end goal that experimentally investigated the
underlying is a rectangular fine and the last performance of copper radiator used in
is a trapezoidal shape. The tube-shaped of passenger cars. Behavior of a copper
5 sections are produced for the fins. The radiator at different air velocities is
models are shaped by CATIA V5 R20 and determined both experimentally as well as
investigated through computational by simulation. The obtainable copper
examination in ANSYS 15.0 with easy radiator is shaped by SOLIDWORKS
interface. Analysis of radiator without software and authentication of execution
louver fins and with louver fins is carried done by fluid flow software programming.
out. The original radiator has no louver The investigational and simulation result
fins. The computational analysis tool indicates just 8% of deviation. Therefore,
ANSYS is used to perform a CFD analysis it met engineering necessities of analysis
on radiator. The initial parameters are inlet and authentication with allowable
air velocity and air Inlet temperature. The deviation. So, this technique may be taken
analysis results as velocity, pressure and as an actual tactic for the forecast of heat
heat transfer rate is more for the radiator transfer show in a radiator. This will frame
with louver fins that of the original model. as the base to examine the act of copper
Heat transfer analysis is done to analyze braze by changing the material properties
the heat transfer rate to determine the and its parameter. The heat transfer
thermal flux. The material taken is coefficient and surface pressure drop
Aluminum alloy 6061 for thermal analysis. increase with increase in air velocity is
The thermal analysis results, thermal flux show in Figure 2. Deviation in results is
is more for the radiator with louver fins mainly due to friction loss, quality of mesh
that of the original model, so it was and its accuracy.

14 Page 13-18 © MAT Journals 2019. All Rights Reserved

 Journal of Automation and Automobile Engineering
Volume 4 Issue 1

Figure 2: Effect of Mass Flow Rate Vs Heat Transfer Rate [5].

Hardik kumar B. et al., [6] performed an be upgraded by exchanging confident

investigation by the solid modeling of operating and geometrical parameter
the radiator in solid works and then this similar Composition rat, fluid
solid model is transferred to the ANSYS Composition (Additives), Tube
Workbench mesh module for meshing. Diameter and so on. Figure 3 show the
Subsequent to finishing meshing, this effect of tube side fluid on radiator
meshed model is exchanged to ANSYS performance, after completing all the
CFX for CFD Analysis. After CFD above parametric study, best-configured
investigation is compiled with ANSYS radiator can be suggested for optimum
CFX. The efficiency of the radiator can performance.

Figure 3: Effect of Tube Side Fluid [6].

15 Page 13-18 © MAT Journals 2019. All Rights Reserved
 Journal of Automation and Automobile Engineering
Volume 4 Issue 1

P. K. Trivedi et al., [7] created the model Because of this parametric analysis, the
of heat exchanger in solid works and then impact of pitch of tube for best designed
this solid model is transferred to ANSYS radiator for ideal performance is
Workbench mesh module for meshing. In recommended.
the wake of finishing meshing, this
meshed model is exchanged to ANSYS S. N. Sridhara et al., [8] experimentally
CFX for CFD Analysis. Once CFD studied a tube fin arrangement of an
Analysis is done with ANSYS CFX, all existing radiator for evaluating the fluid
flow parameters like as temperature flow and heat transfer characteristics. The
contour, heat transfer rate, etcetera were total pressure, mass flow rate and
recognized. Afterward getting all the flow temperature supply of the coolant and air in
parameter they inspect how the heat and about the single tube-fin order through
transfer rate of radiator can be improved. 32 fins were assessed. That the fluid flow
For this reason one geometrical parameter simulation is operated directed utilizing
for example pitch of tube was changed. commercial software FLUENT 6.1.

Figure 4: Assembled CATIA Model of the Radiator [8].

The pressure and temperature distribution radiator for the required fluid domain,
along the tube length and tube width are discretizing the fluid domain, simulation
presented and analyzed. The results of the fluid flow, heat transfer at steady
obtained serve as good database for the state and post processing to visualize the
further investigations for researchers. results and drawing bring suitable
Figure 4 presents the experimentation conclusions. The cumulative summary of
work carried out, involving reverse simulation based research carried out on
engineering of a commercial automotive radiator is presented in Table 1.

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 Journal of Automation and Automobile Engineering
Volume 4 Issue 1

Table 1: Summary of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) Analysis of Automotive

Radiator.
Author SoftwareUsed Study Outcomes
CFD analysis of an
The velocity, pressure and heat transfer rate
Yeduru Jyothi Ansys 15.0 automobile radiator with
is more for the radiator with louver fins as
et al. [4] Catia V5 R20 and without louvered fins
compared to conventional one.
using nano fluids
R. K. Jaya Experimental study and
Heat lost by the coolant is not equal to heat
Kumar et al. Solidworks CFD analysis of copper
gained by the air.
[5] radiator for passenger cars
Increasing the water in the mixture causes
Performance analysis of an decrease in tube side outlet temperature of
Hardik
automobile radiator using the radiator.
Kumar B et Ansys CFX
CFD Decreasing the tube diameter, increases the
al. [6]
tube side outlet temperature of the radiator.

Effect of variation in pitch The pitch of tube is either decreased or

P. K. Trivedi of tube on heat transfer rate increased, the heat transfer rate decreases,
Ansys CFX
et al. [7] in automobile radiator by optimum efficiency is obtained at the pitch
CED analysis of 12 mm.
CFD analysis of fluid flow
S. N. and heat transfer in a single Air absorbs the heat due to forced
Sridhara et Fluent 6.1 tube-fin arrangement of an convection gains with an increase in
al. [8] automotive temperature by 9.5 K.
radiator

CONCLUSION performance analysis of an automobile

The present review on recent article shows radiator using CFD - a review. Int J
that CFD analysis has reduced the cost, Innov Res Sci Technol. 2015; 1(7): pp.
time of design and development of radiator 123-126.
as compared to conventional methods. It 4. Jyothi Y., Rajesh M. & Naidu M.C.
also reduces the need of prototype testing CFD Analysis of an Automobile
during design process while we do Radiator With and Without Louvered
iterations to get optimized design. Fins Using Nano Fluids. Development.
Prototype of the design for physical testing 2017; 4(8).
is only required. CFD analysis provides 5. Kumar R.K. & Amirtha Gadeswaran
direct comparing of the heat transfer & K.S. Experimental study and CFD
pressure drop of heat exchanger with Analysis of Copper radiator for
different parameters for optimum Passenger Cars. International Journal
performance. of Engineering Research. 2016; 5(9):
pp. 778-782.
REFERENCES 6. Patel H.B., Dinesan D., Patel H.B. &
1. Beck S. M. B., Grinsted S. C. & Dinesan D., Performance Analysis of
Blakey S. G., et al., A novel design for an Automobile Radiator using
panel radiators. Applied Thermal CFG. International Journal for Innovative
Engineering, 2004; 24: pp. 1291-1300. Research in Science & Technology
2. Patel J.R. & Mavani A.M. Review 2016; 1: pp. 318-322.
Paper on CFD Analysis of Automobile 7. Trivedi P.K. & Vasava N.B. Effect of
Radiator to Improve its Thermal variation in pitch of tube on heat
Efficiency; 2: pp. 268-271. transfer rate in automobile radiator by
3. Patel H.B., Dinesan M.D., Patel H.B. CFD analysis. International Journal of
& Dinesan M.D. Optimization and Engineering and Advanced

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 Journal of Automation and Automobile Engineering
Volume 4 Issue 1

Technology. 2012; 1(6): pp. 180-3. Cite this article as:

8. Sridhara S.N., Shankapal S.R. & Babu Abhishek Gakare, Ashutosh Sharma,
V.U. CFD Analysis of Fluid Flow and & Mr. Gaurav Saxena. (2019).
Heat Transfer in a Single Tube-Fin Simulation Software Based Analysis
Arrangement of an Automotive of Automotive Radiators: A Review.
Radiator. In International Conference Journal of Automation and
on Mechanical Engineering. December Automobile Engineering, 4(1), 13–18.
2005. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2563431

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