Name: Junar Roy R.

Canoy BSED-English 1

Chapter 3

Site of the first mass

Exercise 3.1

1. Samar

2. Uraca

3. Zuluan

4. Homonhon

5. Acquada da li buoni Segnialli

6. Cenalo, Hiunanghan, Ibusson and Abarlen

7. Boloto

8. Raja Colambu and Raja Siani

9. Zubu

10. Gatigha

Exercise 3.2

1. How do you understand the text? What is it all about?

- It is all about a bonding of friendship even through sign language as the means of
communication between the Spaniards and natives of Philippines whereby the captain-general
without the natives hesitation, successfully spread out Christianity.

2. What is your stand about the site of the First Mass?

- The First Mass actually was the celebration of Easter Sunday and was celebrated in the island
of Limasawaa or referred by Pigafetta as "Mazaua."

3. Cite evidences which would suggest that the First Mass happened in Masau (Butuan) and
Limasawa (Southern Layte)

- March 31,1521 on Easter Sunday was the First Mass in Limasawa or Masaua an island in
Leyte,while on April 14,1521 was the baptism of Raja Humabon and Queen Juana and a hundred
members who were the first converts to christianity.

4. How credible is this account in explaining the site of the First Mass?

- It was in Limasawa or Masava in Southern Leyte was the First Mass held on Eastern Sunday, in
accordance of what is written in our history books. Leyte is near in Cebu rather than Masau is at
the mouth of Agusan River adjacent to Butuan City a part of Mindanao.

5. How do the evidences presented in the text help you understand the controversy on the
First Catholic Mass in the Philippines?

- Pigafetta is not familiar by the names of the islands in the Philippines so as erroneous names of
venue of where the Mass was held appeared in his writings.

Cavite Mutiny A.

1. April 4, 1871

2. Rafael de Esquierdo 3. Francisco Saldua

4. Dr. Mariano Gomez

5. Insurrection, Uprising, and Revolution

B.

1. True

2. False

3. False
4. True

5. False

Exercise 3.4

1. How do you understand “Mutiny”?

- A situation in which a group of people refuse to obey orders and try to take control away from
the person who commands them.

2. How does Governer Gen. Izquierdo describe Cavite Mutiny compared from the version
of Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera?

- Governer Gen. Izquierdo describe Cavity Mutiny as an insurection, uprising and revolution
while Tavera, it's a simple mutiny of Filipinos who turned out to be dissatisfied with the
eradication of their privileges.

3. What does the account of Jose Montero y Vidal tell us? To Which Version does this
account related to? Explain.

- Vidal's account overstated the mutiny of dissatified soldiers and laborers into a revolt to bring
down Spanish rule and blame Gon La Torre for the plan of a break out against Spaniards.

4. Among the three version of Cavite Mutiny, which one is most credible? Why?

- Pardo de Tavera's version of Cavite Mutiny is most credible, the two other versions expresses
biased and harsh policies, whereas Tavera inspire fair treatment and aspires people for
educational advancement of the country.

5. Compare the three versions according to their definition of mutiny, its causes and effects.

- Vidal's version of Mutiny is overstated, in accordance to his pleasure that cause Filipino
to a revolt because of dissatisfaction.

-Taver's version was about our country's situation which was not given a thorough investigation
of the officials appointed by Madrid authorities, cause a total sadness to Filipino people.

- Izquierdo is so harsh and accuse Filipinos insurrection to bring down Spanish rule and
cause bloody revolt.

Exercise 3.5 A.
1. August 23, 1896

2. Sampalukan ,barrio of Bahay Toro

3. Balintawak

4. Morong 5. Emilio Jacinto B.

1. False

2. True

3. False

4. True

5. True

Exercise 3.6

1. What does the issue on the First Cry depict about the Filipinos?

- The First Cry is a controversy up to present as there is no exact date and venue shown or proven
for Filipino revolution.

2. How does the account of Santiago Alvarez differ from all other versions?

- Santiago Alvarez differ from all other version because unlike the other author Alvarez is not an
eyewitness of the event.

3. Which account do you believe? Why?

- The version of Guillermo Masangkay because he is an eyewitness of the historic event and his
date and site presented were accepted by the American goverment.

4. How reliable is the version of Guillermo Masangkay regarding the issue?

-The version of Masangkay is realiable because his version were accepted by the American
goverment.

5. What makes Pio Valenzuela’s Cry of Pugad Lawin a controversy?

- It is controversy because on his first version he told that the prime staging point of the Cry was
in Balintawak on August 26,1896, but on his Memoirs of Revolution he said that the Cry took
place at Pugad Lawin on August 23,1896.

Chapter Test

1. D

2. A

3. C

4. A

5. B

6. B

7. A

8. D

9. C

10. D

Chapter 4

Exercise 4.1

1. What does the document La Soberania Moacal en Filipinas try to convey? Discuss.

- La Soberania Monacal en Filipinas by del Pilar gave the true condition of the Philippine
religios, political and economic situation under the supervision of the friars. They have the power
to control the status quo of the Philippines in defiance of the nation and the institution. Their
parochial mission takes on the double character of a political organ and popular patronage.

2. What is national integrity? Do you think national integrity is important? Justify your
answer.
- National Integrity is an awareness of a common identity in which a nations citizens are viewed,
identified and even judged globaly or internationally. It is important becaise it states that people
are equal either in different race,culture ,religion, language, etc. Under national intergration we
are one and equal. If all people promotes national integrity there is a great possibility of national
unity. Exercise 4.2 A.

1. True

2. True

3. True

4. True

5. True

B.

1.Papal decree of 2 May 1867

2. Real y Supremo Consejo de las Indias

3. Servicio personal

4. Agustin Sumuroy

5. Francisco Maniago

Exercise 4.3

1. What is the essential idea in this phrase, “Poverty of the government and opulence of the
vow of poverty”?

- It means that the goverment faces a thousand of obstacles in matters of collecting taxes from the
public as goverment fund for public financial needs while the friars through monastic orders has
no difficulty in obtaining large amount of money from the public in returm for heavenly
promises and fear of the friars power.
2. What was the powerful weapon held by the curates through which they maintained
power and influence?

- Their powerful weapon through which they maintain power and influence is the curate's
signiture which grant or withhold/denies his approval according to his will or thw order of his
prelates which is necessary to goverment officials performance and formalize official documents
and account.

3. What is the relative importance of taxation to the economy of the country? Discuss
clearly the importance.

- Collection of taxes from the public is ths process wherein the goverment hold the amount which
is use for goverment projects for the benifits of the peoples through infrastructure,agriculture,
assistance to business for the purpose of looking forward to progressive country and smooth flow
of economy of a country where the flow of monitary currency is revolving and earning interest.

Exercise 4.4 A.

1. True

2. True

3.True

4. False

5. True

B.

1. C

2. B

3. J

4. I

5. D

6. E
7. F

8. G

9. A

10. H

C.

1. HUKBALAHAP – Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon

2. LASADECO – Land Settlement Development Corporation

3. NARRA – National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration

4. KALAHI ARZ – Kapit Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan Agrarian Reform Zones

5. PCUP – Philippine Commission on Urban Poor 6. LTA – Land Tenure Administration

7. CARL – Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law

8. CARPER – Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Extension with Reforms

9. NCIP – National Commission on Indigenous Peoples

10. DLR – Department of Land Reform

11. CARP – Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program

12. DAR – Department of Agrarian Reform

13. AFMA – Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act

14. MAGKASAKA – Magkabalikat para sa Kaunlarang Agraryo

15. ARF – ASEAN Regional Forum

Exercise 4.5

1. What is the difference between pre-colonial and Spanish era land system of ownership?

-Pre-colonial, when barangay are ruled by chieftain/datus where everyone has access to the fruits
of the soil, Spanish Era, encomenderos abuses their power and rent the lands where the natives
cultivates the land became shared tenants.

2. What is land reform program? How and why this should be implemented?

- Land reform program govern the relationship of land owners and tenants the proper acquisition
and distribution of lands. Land reform program was put into law and implemanted to promote
rural development and industrialization.

3. Which enacted law on land-holding do you think is essential and is needed by the
country? Discuss its essence as a law.

-Agrarian Reform Program is essential and needed by the country which has been persistent up to
the present time, as this is to improve and help the life of farmers and raise their productivity.

Exercise 4.6

1.Constitution

2. 1897 Constitution of Biak-na-Bato

3. 1899 Malolos Constitution

4. Acts of the United States Congress

5. Philippine Organic Act of 1902

6. Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916

7. Tydings- MCDuffie Act of 1934

8. 1935 Philippine Constitution

9. 1943 Constitution

10. 1973 Constitution

Constitutio Promulgated Period of What Period Forms of Amendments
n by Operation of the Government
Philippine
History
1987 Constitutiona February Republic of Republic with a
Constitutio l 2,1987 to the Presidential form of
n Assembly present Philippines government

Provisional President March 25, People Power Revolutionary

Constitutio Corazon C. 1986 – Revolution goverment
n of the Aquino February 1,
Philippines 1987

1973 1973 January 17, Martial Law Unitary dominant- 1976 amendment
Constitutio Constitutiona 1973 to party
n l pseudoparliamentar 1980 amendme
February 22,
Convention y republic under nt
1986
totalitarian civic-
1981 amendme
military rule
nt

1984 amendment

1943 Preparatory October 14, Japanese Single-party

Constitutio Committee 1943 to August Occupation authoritarian
n for 17, 1945 republic
Philippine
Independenc
e
1935 1934 Commonwealt Commonwealt * Presidential 1940 amendment
Constitutio Constitutiona h h system
n l era (1935- Period 1947 amendment
Convention 1946) to Third * Unitary
Republic (July Presidential
4, 1946- Constitutional
January 16, Republic
1973)
Acts of the United States December 10, American Unincorporated
US Congress 1898 to March Regime territories of the
Congress 24, 1934 United
for the States
Philippines
Malolos Malolos January 23, First Philippine Unitary
Constitutio Congress 1899- March Republic Presidential
n 23, 1901 Constitutional

Constitutio Katipunan November 1, Katipunan De Facto

n of Biak- 1897- Revolution Constitutional
na- December 14, Republic
Bato 1897

B.
1987 Constitution 1973 Constitution 1935 Constitution

Preamble. We, the sovereign We, the sovereign The Filipino people,
Filipino people, Filipino people, imploring the aid of
imploring the aid of imploring the aid of Divine Providence, in
Almighty God, in order Divine Providence, in order to establish a
to build a just and order to establish a government that shall
humane society and Government that shall embody their ideals,
establish a Government embody our ideals, conserve and develop
that shall embody our promote the general the patrimony of the
ideals and aspirations, welfare, conserve and nation, promote the
promote the common develop the patrimony general welfare, and
good, conserve and of our Nation, and secure to themselves
develop our patrimony, secure to ourselves and and their posterity the
and secure to ourselves our posterity the blessings of
and our posterity the blessings of democracy independence under a
blessings of under a regime of regime of justice,
independence and justice, peace, liberty, liberty, and democracy,
democracy under the and equality, do ordain do ordain and
 rule of law and regime and promulgate this promulgate this
of truth, justice, Constitution. Constitution.
freedom, love, equality
and peace do ordain
and promulgate this
Constitution.

Powers of the -The executive power -The President shall be -The President shall
President shall be vested in the the head of state and have the power to veto
President of the chief executive of the any particular item or
Philippines. Republic of the items of an
Philippines. appropriation bill, but
-The President shall the veto shall not affect
have control of all the -The President shall the item or items to
executive departments, have control of the
which he does not
bureaus, and offices. He ministries.
object. When a
shall ensure that the
-The President shall be provision of an
laws be faithfully
commander-in-chief of appropriation bill affects
executed.
all armed forces of the one or more items of
-The President shall be Philippines and, the same, the President
the Commander-in- whenever it becomes cannot veto the
Chief of all armed necessary, he may call provision without at the
forces of the Philippines out such armed forces same time vetoing the
and whenever it to prevent or suppress particular item or items
becomes necessary, he lawless violence, to which it relates. The
may call out such invasion, insurrection, item or items objected
armed forces to prevent or rebellion. to shall not take effect
or suppress lawless except in the manner
-The President shall heretofore provided as
violence, invasion or
appoint the heads of to bills returned to the
rebellion.
bureaus and offices, the National Assembly
-The President may officers of the armed without the approval of
grant reprieves, forces of the the President. If the
commutations, and Philippines from the
veto refers to a bill or
rank of brigadier
pardons, and remit any.
general or commodore,
fines and forfeitures,
and all other officers of -The President shall
after conviction by final
the Government whose have the power to
judgment.
appointments are not veto any particular
-He shall also have the item or
power to grant amnesty otherwise provided for, items of an
with the concurrence of those whom he may be appropriation bill, but
a majority of all the authorized by law to the veto shall not affect
Members of the appoint. the item or items to
Congress. which he does not
-The President may, object. When a
-The President may except in cases of provision of an
contract or guarantee impeachment, grant appropriation bill affects
foreign loans on behalf reprieves, one or more items of
of the Republic of the commutations and the same, the President
Philippines with the pardons, remit fines cannot veto the
prior concurrence of and forfeitures and, provision without at the
same time vetoing the
the Monetary Board, with the concurrence of
particular item or items
and subject to such the Batasang
to which it relates. The
limitations as may be Pambansa, grant
item or items objected
provided by law. amnesty.
to shall not take effect
-The President shall -The President shall except in the manner
address the Congress at heretofore provided as
formulate the
the opening of its to bills returned to the
guidelines of national
regular session. He may National Assembly
policy.
also appear before it at without the approval of
any other time. -All powers vested in the President. If the
the President of the veto refers to a bill or
Philippines under the any item of an
1935 Constitution and appropriation bill which
the laws of the land appropriates a sum in
which are not herein excess of ten per
provided for or centum of the total
conferred upon any amount voted in the
official shall be deemed appropriation bill for the
and are hereby vested general expenses of the
in the President unless Government for the
the Batasang Pambansa preceding year, or if it
provides otherwise. should refer to a bill
authorizing an increase
of the public debt, the
same shall not become
a law unless approved
by three-fourths of all
the Members of the
National Assembly.

-The President shall

have the power to veto
any separate item or
items in a revenue or
tariff bill, and the item
or items vetoed shall not
take effect except in the
manner provided as to
bills vetoed by the
President.
Functions of the -The 1987 Constitution, -The Legislative power -The Legislative power
Legislature legislative power shall shall be vested in a shall be vested in a
be vested in the Batasang Pambansa. National Assembly. The
Congress of the -The Batasang Members of the
Philippines, which shall Pambansa which shall National Assembly shall
consist of a Senate and be composed of not not exceed one hundred
a House of more than 200 and twenty, shall be
Representatives. Members unless chosen every three
-The Senate shall be otherwise provided by years, and shall be
composed of twentyfour law, shall include apportioned among the
representatives elected several provinces as
Senators who shall be
from the different nearly as may be
elected at large by the
regions of the according to the
qualified voters of the
Philippines, those number of their
Philippines, as may be elected or selected respective inhabitants,
provided by law; the from various sectors as but each province shall
House of may be provided by have at least one
Representatives shall be law, and those chosen Member. -The National
composed of not more by the President from Assembly shall by law
than 250 (unless the members of the make an apportionment
otherwise fixed by law), Cabinet. Regional within three years after
20 percent of whom representatives shall be the return of every
must be Party-list apportioned among the enumeration, and not
representatives. regions in accordance otherwise. Until such
Congress is responsible
for making enabling with the number of apportionment shall
laws to make sure the their respective have been made, the
spirit of the constitution inhabitants and on the National Assembly shall
is upheld in the country basis of a uniform and consist of ninety-eight
and, at times, amend or progressive ratio. Members, of whom
change the constitution eighty-seven shall be
itself. In order to craft -The number of elected by the
laws, the legislative representatives from
representative districts
body comes out with each region and the
as now provided by law;
two main documents: manner of their
and three by
bills and resolutions. election shall be
prescribed by law. The theMountainProvince,
number of and one by each of the
representatives from other eight existing
each sector and the special provinces. The
manner of their Members of the
election or selection National Assembly in the
shall be prescribed by provinces of Sulu, Lanao,
law. and Cotabato shall be
chosen as may be
determined by law; in all
other provinces they
shall be elected by the
qualified voters therein.

- No person shall be a
Member of the National
Assembly unless he has
been five years a citizen
of the Philippines, is at
least thirty years of age,
and, at the time of his
election, a qualified
elector, and a resident
of the province in which
he is chosen for not less
than one year
immediately prior to his
 election.

Bill of Rights Section 1. No person Section1. No person (1) No person shall

shall be deprived of life, shall be deprived of life, be deprived of life,
liberty, or property liberty, or property liberty, or property
without due process of without due process of without due process of
law, nor shall any law, nor shall any law, nor shall any person
person be denied the person be denied the be denied the equal
equal protection of the equal protection of the protection of the laws.
laws. laws.
(2) Private property
Section 2. The right of Section 2. Private shall not be taken for
the people to be secure property shall not public use without just
in their persons, houses, be taken for public compensation.
papers, and effects use without just
against unreasonable (3) The right of the
compensation.
searches and seizures of people to be secure in
whatever nature and Section 3. The right of their persons, houses,
for any purpose shall be the people to be secure papers, and effects
inviolable, and no in their persons, against unreasonable
search warrant or houses, papers, and searches and seizures
warrant of arrest shall effects against shall not be violated,
issue except upon unreasonable searches and no warrants shall
probable cause to be and seizures of issue but upon probable
determined personally whatever nature and
cause, to be determined
by the judge after for any purpose shall
by the judge after
examination under oath not be violated, and no
examination under oath
or affirmation of the search warrant or
complainant and the warrant of arrest shall or affirmation of the
witnesses he may issue except upon complainant and the
produce, and probable cause to be witnesses he may
particularly describing determined by the produce, and particularly
the place to be judge, or such other describing the place to
searched and the responsible officer as be searched, and the
persons or things to be may be authorized by persons or things to be
seized. law, after examination seized.
under oath or
affirmation of the (4) The liberty of
abode and of changing
the
Section 3. (1) The complainant and the same within the limits
privacy of witnesses he may prescribed by law shall
communication and produce, and not be impaired.
correspondence shall particularly describing
(5) The privacy of
be inviolable except the place to be
communication and
upon lawful order of searched, and the
correspondence shall be
the court, or when persons or things to be
inviolable except upon
public safety or order seized.
lawful order of the court
requires otherwise, as
Section 4. (1) The or when public safety
prescribed by law.
privacy of and order require
(2) Any evidence communication and otherwise.
obtained in violation of correspondence shall
(6) The right to form
this or the preceding be inviolable except
section shall be upon lawful order of associations or societies
for purposes not
inadmissible for any the court, or when
purpose in any public safety and order contrary to law shall not
be abridged.
proceeding. require otherwise.
(7) No law shall be
Section 4. No law shall (2) Any evidence
made respecting an
be passed abridging the obtained in violation of
establishment of
freedom of speech, of this or the preceding
religion, or prohibiting
expression, or of the section shall be
the free exercise
press, or the right of the inadmissible for any
thereof, and the free
people peaceably to purpose in any
exercise and enjoyment
assemble and petition proceeding.
of religious profession
the government for
Section 5. The liberty of and worship, without
redress of grievances.
abode and of travel discrimination or
Section 5. No law shall shall not, be impaired preference, shall forever
be made respecting an except upon lawful be allowed. No religious
establishment of order of the court, or test shall be required for
religion, or prohibiting when necessary in the the exercise of civil or
the free exercise interest of national political rights.
thereof. The free security, public safety,
exercise and enjoyment (8) No law shall be
or public health.
of religious profession passed abridging the
and worship, without Section 6. The right of freedom of speech, or of
discrimination or the people to the press, or the right of
preference, shall information on matters the people peaceably
forever be allowed. No of public concern shall to assemble and
religious test shall be be recognized. Access petition the
required for the to official records, and Government for redress
exercise of civil or to documents and of grievances
political rights. papers pertaining to
(9) No law granting
official acts,
Section 6. The liberty of a title of nobility shall be
transactions, or
abode and of changing enacted, and no person
decisions, shall be
the same within the holding any office of
afforded the citizen
limits prescribed by law profit or trust shall,
subject to such
shall not be impaired without the consent of
limitations as may be
except upon lawful the National Assembly,
provided by law.
order of the court. accept any present,
Neither shall the right Section 7. The right to emolument, office, or
to travel be impaired form associations or title of any kind
except in the interest of societies for purposes whatever from any
national security, public not contrary to law shall foreign state.
safety, or public health, not be abridged.
(10) No law impairing
as may be provided by
Section 8. No law shall the obligation of
law.
be made respecting an contracts shall be
Section 7. The right of establishment of passed.
the people to religion, or prohibiting
information on matters the free exercise (11) No ex post facto
of public concern shall thereof. The free law or bill of attainder
be recognized. Access exercise and enjoyment shall be enacted.
to official records, and of religious profession
to documents and (12) No person shall
and worship, without be imprisoned for debt
papers pertaining to
discrimination or or nonpayment of a poll
official acts,
preference, shall tax.
transactions, or
forever be allowed. No
decisions, as well as to
religious test shall be (13) No involuntary
government research
required for the servitude in any form
data used as basis for
exercise of civil or shall exist except as a
policy development,
political rights. punishment for crime
shall be afforded the
whereof the party shall
citizen, subject to such
Section 9. No law shall have been duly
limitations as may be
be passed abridging the convicted.
provided by law.
freedom of speech, or
of the press, or the
Section 8. The right of right of the people (14) The privilege of
the people, including peaceably to assemble the writ of habeas
those employed in the and petition the corpus shall not be
public and private Government for suspended except in
sectors, to form unions, redress of grievances. cases of invasion,
associations, or societies insurrection, or
Section10. No law
for purposes not rebellion, when the
granting a title of
contrary to law shall not public safety requires it,
royalty or nobility shall
be abridged. in any of which events
be enacted. the same may be
Section 9. Private suspended wherever
Section 11. No law
property shall not
impairing the obligation during such period the
be taken for public necessity for such
of contracts shall be
use without just
passed. suspension shall exist.
compensation.
Section 12. No ex post (15) No person shall
Section 10. No law be held to answer for a
facto law or bill of
impairing the obligation
attainder shall be criminal offense without
of contracts shall be due process of law.
enacted.
passed.
Section 13. No person (16) All persons shall
Section 11. Free access
shall be imprisoned for before conviction be
to the courts and bailable by sufficient
debt or non-payment
quasijudicial bodies and
of a poll tax. sureties, except those
adequate legal charged with capital
assistance shall not be Section 14. No offenses when evidence
denied to any person by involuntary servitude in of guilt is strong.
reason of poverty. any form shall exist Excessive bail shall not
except as a punishment be required.
Section 12. (1) Any
person under for a crime whereof the
party shall have been (17) In all criminal
investigation for the
duty convicted. prosecutions the
commission of an
accused shall be
offense shall have the
Section 15. The privilege presumed to be
right to be informed of
of the writ of habeas innocent until the
his right to remain silent
corpus shall not be contrary is proved, and
and to have competent
suspended except in shall enjoy the right to
and independent
cases of invasion, be heard by himself and
counsel preferably of
insurrection, rebellion, counsel, to be informed
his own
or imminent danger of the nature and cause
choice. If the person thereof, when the of the accusation
cannot afford the public safety against him, to have a
services of counsel, he requires it. speedy and public trial,
must be provided with to meet the witnesses
Section 16. All persons
one. These rights face to face and to have
shall have the right to a
cannot be waived compulsory process to
speedy disposition of
except in writing and in secure the attendance
their cases before all
the presence of of witnesses in his
judicial, quasi-judicial,
counsel. behalf.
or administrative
(2) No torture, bodies. (18) Bo person shall
force, violence, threat, be compelled to be a
Section 17. No person witness against himself.
intimidation, or any
shall be held to answer
other means which
for a criminal offense (19) Excessive fines
vitiate the free will shall
without due process of shall not be imposed,
be used against him.
law. nor cruel and unusual
Secret detention places,
punishment inflicted.
solitary, Section 18. All persons,
incommunicado, or except those charged (20) No person shall
other similar forms with capital offenses be twice put in jeopardy
of detention are when evidence of guilt of punishment for the
prohibited. is strong, shall, before same offense. If an cat is
conviction, be bailable punished by a law and
(3) Any confession
by sufficient sureties. an ordinance, conviction
or admission obtained
Excessive bail shall not or acquittal under either
in violation of this or
be required. shall constitute a bar to
Section 17 hereof shall
another prosecution for
be inadmissible in Section 19. In all the same act.
evidence against him. criminal prosecutions,
(4) The law shall
the accused shall be (21) Free access to
presumed innocent the courts shall not be
provide for penal and
until the contrary is denied to any person by
civil sanctions for
proved, and shall enjoy reason of poverty
violations of this section
the right to be heard by
as well as compensation
himself and counsel, to
to and rehabilitation of
be informed of the
victims of torture or
nature and cause of the
similar practices, and
accusation against him,
their families.
to have a speedy,
Section 13. All persons, impartial, and public
except those charged trial, to meet the
with offenses punishable witnesses face to face,
by reclusion perpetua and to have
when compulsory process to
evidence of guilt is secure the attendance
strong, shall, before of witnesses and the
conviction, be bailable production of evidence
by sufficient sureties, or in his behalf. However,
be released on after arraignment, trial
recognizance as may be may proceed
provided by law. The notwithstanding the
right to bail shall not be absence of the accused
impaired even when provided that he has
the privilege of the writ been duly notified and
of habeas corpus is his failure to appear is
suspended. Excessive unjustified.
bail shall not be
required. Section 20. No person
shall be compelled to
Section 14. (1) No be a witness against
person shall be held to himself. Any person
answer for a criminal under investigation for
offense without due the commission of an
process of law. offense shall have the
right to remain silent
(2) In all criminal
and to counsel, and to
prosecutions, the
be informed of such
accused shall be
right. No force,
presumed innocent
violence, threat,
until the contrary is
proved, and shall enjoy intimidation, or any
the right to be heard by other means which
himself and counsel, to vitiate the free will shall
be informed of the be used against him.
nature and cause of the Any confession
accusation against him, obtained in violation of
to have a speedy, this section shall be
impartial, and public inadmissible in
trial, to meet the evidence.
witnesses face to face, Section 21. Excessive
and to have compulsory fines shall not be
process to secure the imposed, nor cruel or
attendance of witnesses unusual punishment
and the production of inflicted.
evidence in his behalf.
Section 22. No person
However, after
shall be twice put in
arraignment, trial may
jeopardy of
proceed
punishment for the
notwithstanding the
same offense. If an act
absence of the accused
is punished by a law
provided that he has
and an ordinance,
been duly notified and
conviction or acquittal
his failure to appear is
under either shall
unjustifiable.
constitute a bar to
Section 15. The privilege another prosecution for
of the writ of habeas the same act.
corpus shall not be
Section 23. Free access
suspended except in
to the courts shall not
cases of invasion or
be denied to any
rebellion when the
person by reason of
public safety requires it.
poverty.
Section 16. All persons
shall have the right to a
speedy disposition of
their cases before all
judicial, quasi-judicial, or
administrative bodies.

Section 17. No person

shall be compelled to
be a witness against
himself.

Section 18. (1) No

person shall be
detained solely by
reason of his political
beliefs and aspirations.

(2) No involuntary
servitude in any form
shall exist except as a
punishment for a crime
whereof the party shall
have been duly
convicted.

Section 19. (1) Excessive

fines shall not be
imposed, nor cruel,
degrading or inhuman
punishment inflicted.
Neither shall the death
penalty be imposed,
unless, for compelling
reasons involving
heinous crimes, the
Congress hereafter
provides for it. Any
death penalty already
imposed shall be
reduced to reclusion
perpetua.

(2) The employment of

physical, psychological,
or degrading
punishment against any
prisoner or detainee or
the use of substandard
or inadequate penal
facilities under
subhuman conditions
shall be dealt with by
law.
Section 20. No person
shall be imprisoned for
debt or non-payment of
a poll tax.

Section 21. No person

shall be twice put in
jeopardy of punishment
for the same offense. If
an act is punished by a
law and an ordinance,
conviction or acquittal
under either shall
constitute a bar to
another prosecution for
the same act.

Section 22. No ex post

facto law or bill of
attainder shall be
enacted.
Declaration of -The Philippines -The Philippines -The Philippines is a
Principles and State renounces war as an renounces war as an republican state.
Policies instrument of national instrument of national Sovereignty resides in
policy, adopts the policy, adopts the the people and all
generally accepted generally accepted government authority
principles of principles of emanates from them.
international law as international law as
-The defense of the
part of the law of the part of the law of the
State is a prime duty of
land, and adheres to land, and adheres to
government, and in the
the policy of peace, the policy of peace,
fulfillment of this duty
equality, justice, equality, justice,
all citizens may be
freedom, cooperation, freedom, cooperation,
required by law to
and amity with all and amity with all
render personal military
nations. nations.
or civil service.
-The State shall -The State shall
strengthen the family as strengthen the family -The Philippines
 a basic social institution. as a basic social renounces war as an
The natural right and institution. The natural instru-ment of national
duty of parents in the right and duty of policy, and adopts the
rearing of the youth for parents in the rearing generally accepted
civic efficiency and the of the youth for civic principles of
development of moral efficiency and the international law as a
character shall receive development of moral part of the law of the
the aid and support of character shall receive Nation.
the Government. the aid and support of
-The natural right and
the Government.
-The State recognizes duty of parents in the
the vital role of the -The State recognizes rearing of the youth for
youth in the the vital role of the civic efficiency should
nationbuilding and shall youth in the receive the aid and
promote their physical, nationbuilding and shall support of the
intellectual, and social promote their physical, Government.
well-being. intellectual, and social
well-being. -The promotion of social
justice to insure the
well-being and
economic security of all
the people should be
the concern of the
State.

National Territory -The national territory -The national territory - The Philippines
comprises the comprises the comprises all the terri-
Philippine archipelago, Philippine archipelago, tory ceded to the United
with all the islands and with all the islands and States by the treaty of
waters embraced waters embraced Paris con-cluded
therein, and all the therein, and all the between the United
other territories other territories States and Spain on the
belonging to the belonging to the tenth day of December,
Philippines by historic Philippines by historic eighteen hundred and
right or legal title, right or legal title, ninetyeight, the limits of
including the territorial including the territorial which are set forth in
sea, the air space, the sea, the air space, the Article III of said treaty,
subsoil, the sea-bed, subsoil, the sea-bed, together with all the
the insular shelves, and the insular shelves, and islands embraced in the
the other submarine the other submarine treaty
 areas over which the areas over which the con-cluded at
Philippines has Philippines has Washington, between
sovereignty or sovereignty or the United States and
jurisdiction. The waters jurisdiction. The waters Spain on the seventh
around, between, and around, between, and day of November,
connecting the islands connecting the islands nineteen hundred, and
of the archipelago, of the archipelago, in the treaty concluded
irrespective of their irrespective of their between the United
breadth and breadth and States and Great Britain
dimensions, form part of dimensions, form part on the second day of
the internal waters of of the internal waters January, nineteen hun-
the Philippines. of the Philippines. dred and thirty, and all
territory over which the
present Government of
the Philippine Islands
exercises jurisdiction.

CHAPTER TEST