UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION

NET BUREAU
Subject: Forensic Science Code No.: 82

SYLLABUS

Unit – I

 Forensic Science: Definition, History & Development, Scope, Ethics

in Forensic Science
 Physical Evidence: Nature, Types, Search methods, Collection,
Preservation, Packing & Forwarding of Physical & Trace evidence for
forensic analyses, Chain of Custody
 Crime Scene: Nature, Types, Preservation of Scene of Crime
 Criminal Investigations: Unnatural deaths, Criminal assaults,
Sexual offences, Poisoning, Vehicular accidents
 Courts: Types, powers and jurisdiction, Admissibility of evidence in
Courts, Definition of Experts, Provisions in Cr.P.C.,1973 & Indian
Evidence Act relating to experts & their reports; Court Procedures
pertaining to Expert Testimony & Witness
 Organization of Forensic Science Laboratories of Centre and
State, NCRB and NICFS
 Fundamental Rights: Right of Equality (Articles 14 to 18) and Right
of Freedom (Articles 19 to 22) as per Constitution of India
 Criminal Profiling: Profile of victim and culprit, its role in crime
investigation, Lie detection (Polygraphy), Narco analysis, Brain
mapping, scope and limitations
 Concept of quality control management in Forensic institutions
Unit – II

 Microscopy: Polarizing, Comparison, Stereoscopic, Fluorescent and

Electron Microscopes
 Spectrophotometry: UV, Visible, IR, Raman, Atomic absorption,
Emission
 Neutron Activation Analysis
 X – rays and x-ray based techniques such as XRD, XRF
 Mass Spectroscopy
 Chromatographic Techniques: TLC, GLC, HPLC,HPTLC
 Hyphenated Techniques: GC-MS, LC-MS, IR-MS and ICP-MS
 Electrophoresis: High and Low voltage electrophoresis,
Immunoelectrophoresis
 Immunoassays: Principle, Types ,Techniques and applications

Unit – III

 Detection and Identification of Blood stains

 Determination of Species of Origin
 Blood Group Systems
 Techniques of Determination of Blood groups of Blood Stains
 Detection of Seminal and other body fluids and their Blood
Grouping, Red cells Enzymes, Serum Proteins of forensic
significance
 Disputed Paternity & Maternity
 DNA: Structure, DNA as genetic marker, DNA Extraction and
Profiling Techniques
 DNA Phenotyping and RNA Profiling & their applications
 Wild life Forensics: Wild life (Protection) Act,1972, Scope,
Evidences and Identification
Unit – IV

 Analysis of Ethyl alcohol in beverages , liquors, biological fluids

and breath
 Analysis of Methanol and Denaturants
 Illicit liquors
 Analysis of Chemicals in Trap Cases
 Metabolism and Chemical examination of :
Insecticides & Pesticides, Tranquillizers & Sedatives, Hypnotics
Stimulants, Narcotics, Opiates, Drugs of abuse; Analyses of above
and their Toxicity
 Plant poisons
 Metallic Poisons
 Extraction, Isolation & Clean-up procedures, Identification of
common poisons from viscera, tissues and body fluids

Unit – V

 Fire arms: Types, Classification, Ammunition and their Compositions

 Forensic examination of Firearms, Ammunition, Firearms’
projectiles (Bullets, Shots, Slug etc.), Shell case
 Gunshot residues analysis
 Concept of Velocity, Penetration, Dispersion, Ricochet, Accidental
Discharge, Determination of Range in firearm cases
 Examination of Country made firearms
 Basics of Internal, External and Terminal Ballistics
 Tool marks: Meaning, Types and Examination
 Restoration of Erased Markings on Metal Surfaces

Unit – VI

 Fire and Arson: Analyses of Petroleum Products and other

incendiary materials
 Explosives: Definition, Types and Analyses
  Bombs: Country made bombs, Improvised Explosive Devices ( IEDs )
and their examination
 Investigation in Explosion and Arson related cases
 Photography: Types, application in criminal investigation &
Forensic evidence examination

Unit – VII

 Hair & Fibers: Nature, Types, Structure and Examination

 Pollens and Diatoms: Their application in Forensic investigation
 Dust & Soil: Nature, Types, Forensic Examination
 Paint, Lacquer & Varnishes: Nature, composition and forensic
examination
 Glass: Composition, Types, Fractures, Examination
 Cement, Mortar and Concrete: General Composition, Forensic
Analysis
 Computer Forensics: Introduction, Types of Computer crimes,
Digital evidence- Seizure, Acquisition and Forensic examination
 Mobile Phone Forensics

Unit – VIII

 Fingerprints: History, Characteristics, Types, Classification,

Preservation, Development, Lifting and Comparison, Examination of
Chance Prints, Computerization of Fingerprints, AFIS
 Track Marks: Foot Prints, Shoe Prints, Tire Marks, Their
Preservation & Casting, Comparison, Skid marks. Gait pattern
 Biometric Systems of Identification and its relevance
 Voice Analysis: Introduction, Significance, Structure of Human Voice
apparatus, Voice spectrography, Voice analysis, Legal aspects and
limitations
Unit – IX

 Documents: Definition, Types, Preliminary examination of

documents
 Reproduction of documents through photographic and mechanical
means and their examination
 Examination of Alterations such as Erasures, Obliterations &
Additions
 Indentations, Secret writings and Charred documents
 Inks, Papers and their scientific examinations with modern methods
 Age of documents
 Examination of Typescripts, Printed matter including currency notes
and lottery tickets. Mechanical impressions
 Hand writings: Class and Individual characteristics of Handwritings,
Factors affecting handwritings, Standard samples for comparison,
Comparison of hand-written texts
 Anonymous and disguised writings
 Identification of hand writings, signatures, detection of forged
signature and forgeries
 Examination of Credit Cards and Similar materials

Unit –X

 Modes & Manner of deaths, Sexual offences and its medicolegal

importance, Amendments in law related to sexual offences
 Post – mortem examination and Post – mortem changes,
Estimation of time since death
 Injuries & Wounds: Types, Medicolegal importance, Gunshot
wounds
 Determination of Species of Origin, Sex , Age, Stature, and
individual identification through skeletal remains
 Identification through Skull superimposition and facial
reconstruction
 Human dentition, Type of teeth, determination of Age, Bite
marks
 Forensic Entomology: Introduction, Insects of forensic
importance, Insects on Carrion, Forensic applications