vgokys

d+;ker
eqv+fYyQ+
MkW0&vkt+e csx d+knjh lQ+oh
09897626182
 © tqeyk gqd+wd+ ukf’kj ds fy;s eg+Qwt+ gaS

uke fdrkc& vgokys d;

+ ker

eqv+fYyQ+&Mk0 vkt+e csx d+knjh lQ+oh

lus b’kkv+r&twu&2020

t+quSn v+yh d+knjh lQ+oh &

dEiksfta+x&t+
t+Suqy v+kcnhu d+knjh lQ+oh

d+her& 100/- :i;s

&% feyus ds irs %&

enkj cqd lsyj tkosn cqd lsyj

eduiqj ¼dkuiqj½ djgy ¼eSuiqjh½
09695661767 09634447000

vuokj mnZw cqd fMiks

fclkr [kkuk eSuiqjh
09319086703
 Q+sgfjLr et+kehu

u0
'kqekj
mUokukr lQ+gk

01 gEn 10
02 rEghn 12
03 igyh ckj lwj Qw¡duk 15
04 lwj D;k gS 17
05 lwj eq¡g ds d+jhc gS 18
06 t+gwjs d+;ker 19
07 gqtwj dh bT+t+r o bdjke dk c;ku 27
08 nksckjk lwj Qw¡dsa tkus dk c;ku 30
09 d+czkas ls mBuk vkSj eSnkus eg'kj
eas tekv+ gksus dk c;ku 32
10 eSnkus eg'kj dh t+ehu lQ+sn gksxh 32
11 jkst+s g'j yksx uaxs cnu mBk;s tk;asxs 35
12 d+czkas ls fudydj eSnkus eg'kj dh
rjQ+ pyus dk c;ku 35
13 eSnkus g'j eas tekv+ gksus dk c;ku 38
14 jksts+ d+;ker tekv+ fd;s tkus okys
yksxkas dh vd+lke 39
15 iqyfljkr dk c;ku 51
16 vkv+eky ukes fn;s tkus dk c;ku 56
17 vkv+eky ukes e¸;r ds xys eas
yVdk fn;s tkrs gSa 57
 u0
'kqekj
mUokukr lQ+gk

18 nk¡;as gkFk eas vkv+eky ukes fn;s tkus

dk c;ku 58
19 d+;ker eas rhu ckj is'k gksuk 61
20 ck¡;as gkFk vkSj ihB ihNs ls vkv+eky
ukes fn;s tkus dk c;ku 62
21 jksts+ d+;ker nksckjk ft+Unk djds
mBk;k tkuk gd+ gS 66
22 jksts+ g'j yksxkas ds vgoky 73
23 lwjt d+jhc o t+ehu geokj gksxh 74
24 jksts+ d+;ker dksbZ fdlh ds dke u
vk;sxk 75
25 jksts+ g'j usd yksxkas ds vgoky 81
26 jksts+ g'j cndkjkas ds vgoky 85
27 eq[+rfyQ+ vgoky ¼eqlyeku dkfQ+jkas
ij g¡lasxs½ 87
28 dkfQ+j vkjtw djasxs fd dk'k ge
eqlyeku gksrs 88
29 vkf[k+jr ds eqd+kcys nqfu;k¡ dh
ft+Unxh ,d lqcg ;k ,d 'kke 88
30 dq¶+Q+kj dgasxs dk'k eSa feV~Vh gksrk 89
31 uk Q+jeku yksx lTnk u dj ldasxs 90
32 lkr fd+Le ds yksx vYykg rv+kyk
dh jger ds lk;s eas gkasxs 91
 u0
'kqekj
mUokukr lQ+gk

33 lTns ds fu'kkukr dks vkx ij [kkuk

gjke o ,d 'k[+l dk v+thc okD+v+k 93
34 jksts+ g'j oqtw ds fu'kku pedrs gkasxs 97
35 eqlyeku ds cnys dkfQ+j nkst+[k+ eas 98
36 eqlyeku ds xqukg ;gwnh o ulkjk
ij Mkys tk;asxs 98
37 tks [kkuk f[kyk;s oks tUur ls [kk;s 99
38 jksts+ d+;ker rhu fd+Le ds yksxkas ij
v+t+kc 99
39 ikuh fiykus dk lokc o ,d tUurh
dk ,d nkst+[k+h dh flQ+kfj'k djuk 100
40 nqfu;k¡ dh gqdwer jkst+s d+;ker
unker gksxh 101
41 nqfu;k¡ eas lsj gksdj [kkus okys jksts+
d+;ker Hkwds jgasxs 101
42 rLohj cukus okys ij v+t+kc 102
43 ewrhZ cukus okys ls dgk tk;sxk tku
Mky exj oks tku u Mky ldsxk 102
44 gj /kksds ckt+ dk d+;ker ds fnu
,d >.Mk gksxk 103
45 ek¡xus okys ds psgjs ij xksLr u gksxk 104
46 ckgeh eqgCcr ds lcc uwj ds feEcj 104
47 d+;ker eas g'j mlh ds lkFk ftlls
eqgCcr gks 105
 u0
'kqekj
mUokukr lQ+gk

48 jksts+ g'j ekynkj o x+jhc dh vkjtw

dk'k gktr ds eqrkfcd fjT+d+ feyrk 107
49 jksts+ d+;ker gj dksbZ ukfne gksxk 107
50 ,S'kks b'kjr esa jgus okys yksx dgasxs
dk'k esjh [kkyas dSafp;kas ls dkVh tkrh 108
51 tUur o nkst+[k+ eas x+ksrk 108
52 fglkcks fdrkc dk c;ku 109
53 eqtfjekas dk nqfu;k¡ eas nksckjk vkus
dh [+okfg'k djuk 115
54 jksts+ g'j vkv+ekykas dh iqjf'k'k gksxh 120
55 ml fnu ckn'kkgh flQZ+ vYykg dh
gksxh vkSj oks yksxkas dk QS+lyk djsxk 125
56 vkv+eky dk iwjk cnyk fn;k tk;sxk 132
57 lcls igys mEers eqfLyek dk fglkc 133
58 g'j eas lcls igys uekt+ dk fglkc 134
59 usd eksfeu dk insZ eas fglkc 135
60 tq+Ye ls yh x;h t+ehu dk fglkc 136
61 vYykg gj pht+ dk fglkc ysxk 137
62 cxS+j lhax okyh cdjh dk fglkc 138
63 gd+nkjkas dks muds gd+ dk cnyk
fn;k tk;sxk 139
64 gqdw+d+ vnk u djus okyk jksts+
d+;ker eqQ+fyl gksxk 140
 u0
'kqekj
mUokukr lQ+gk

65 tUur o nkst+[k+ ds njfe;ku tq+Ye

dk cnyk 141
66 t+dkr vnk u djus okyksa ij v+t+kc 142
67 eky dks lk¡i dh 'kDy eas eqlYyr
fd;k tk;sxk 145
68 d+;ker ds fnu igyk QS+lyk uk gd+
[kwu dk gksxk 147
69 ,d cw<+h v+kSjr dk okD+v+k 147
70 jkst+s d+;ker ekSr dks ft+Cgk dj fn;k
tk;sxk 148
71 cs'kqekj yksx cx+Sj fglkcks fdrkc ds
tUur eas tk;asxs 149
72 jksts+ g'j ussd yksxkas dks muds usd
vkv+eky ds ckbl csgrj flyk 150
73 jksts+ g'j cndkjkas dk vatke 152
74 rhu fd+Le ds yksxkas ij v+t+kc 161
75 rhu fj;kdkjkas dk cqjk vatke 162
76 reke ;ktwt ektwt nkst+[k+ eas 164
77 eht+ku dk c;ku 165
78 jkst+s d+;ker e[k+ywd+ rhu tekv+rkas
eas rd+lhe gksxh 165
79 dyek 'kgknr eht+ku ij Hkkjh gksxk 169
80 gkSts+ dkSlj dk c;ku 171
 u0
'kqekj
mUokukr lQ+gk

81 gkSts+ dkSlj ij dqN yksx jksds tk;asxs 174

82 jksts+ d+;ker gqtwj dk ed+ke o
bT+t+rks bdjke 177
83 vYykg rv+kyk gqtwj ¼v+ySfgLlyke½
dks ed+kes egewn ij Q+kbt+ Q+jek;sxk 179
84 gqtwj ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ reke vfEc;k&
fdjke ds beke gkasxs o lc vfEc;k&
fdjke gqtwj ds >.Ms ds uhps gksaxs 180
85 'kQ+kv+r dk c;ku 183
86 gqtwj v+ySfgLlyke 'kQ+kv+r Q+jek;asxs
o yksxkas dks nkst+[k+ ls ckgj fudkyasxs 184
87 gqtwj dks bf[+r;kjs 'kQ+kv+r v+rk gqbZ 191
88 gqtwj ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ dh flQ+kfj'k
dchjk xqukg okyks ds fy;s gksxh 192
89 'kQ+kv+rs vfEc;k] 'kqgnk o m+Yek 192
90 lcls igys mEers eqfLyek tUur eas
nkf[k+y gksxh 193
91 vYykg dh lkS jgeras 193
92 vYykg rv+kyk ds x+t+c ij vYykg
rv+kyk dh jger x+kfyc gS 195
93 vYykg rv+kyk vius cUnkas dks
v+t+kc nsuk ugha pkgrk 195
94 vYykg rv+kyk dh jger ls yksx
nkst+[k+ ls fudkys tk;asxs 197
 [10]

786@92

vYg+Enq fyYykfg ug~enqgw o uLrbZ+uqgw o

uLrx+fQ+#gq ouqv+feuw fcgh o urkoDdyw v+ySfg
o ukÅtw fcYykfg feu 'kq#fj v+u Qqfluk ofeu
lb;svkfr vkv+efyuk eabZ ;qnfyygq Q+yk gkfn;k
ygw ou'kgnq vUuk eqg+Eenu v+Cnqgw o jlwyqgw 0

reke [kwfc;k¡ vkSj rkjhQ+sa flQ+Z vYykg

rv+kyk ds fy;s gSa tks reke dk;ukr dk ,d
vdsyk ekfyd o [k+kfyd+ gS ftlus viuh jg+er
o esgjckuh dh pknj ls vius cUnksa dks <k¡i
j[kk gS ftlus dk;ukr dh r[k+yhd+ o rjrhc dks
gqLuks teky c[+’kk tks fnyks ds iks’khnk jkt+ks ij
eqRrykv+ gS tks reke fg+derksa o xS+cksa dk tkuus
okyk gS dk;ukr dk dksbZ ,slk t+jkZ ugha tks
mldh g+Enks luk u djrk gks gj ‘kS% mlds
rkcSv+ o d+Ct+s dqnjr esa gS tks viuh c<+kbZ vkSj
cqyUnh esa ;drk gSA

mldk dksbZ ‘kjhd ugha tks usv+ersa o fjT+d+

v+rk djus okyk] fgnk;r nsus okyk] fgQ+kt+r
djus okyk] cM+k c[+’kus okyk fugk;r esgjcku o
djhe gS vkSj nq:nks lyke gks jgers nks v+kye
lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySg olYye ij tks t+kfgj
 [11]

o ckfru esa r¸;c o rkfgj gSa tks reke ,s+cks

ud+kbl ls ikd m+ywes xS+c ds tkuus okys gSa ftUgas
vYykg rv+kyk us uwj o fgnk;r ds lkFk ecÅ+l
Q+jek;k ftuds uwj ls nks v+kye esa mtkyk gS
vYykg rv+kyk us ftUgas dkSlj v+rk dh ftl ij
jkst+s d+;ker I;kls eksfeu vk;saxs vkSj lSjkc
gksdj tk;saxs ftUgkasus bUlku dks xqejkfg;ksa ds
va/ksjksa ls fudkydj jkgs fgnk;r vkSj jkgs futkr
fn[kkbZ vYykg rv+kyk us vius gchc dks vkSlkQ+
o v[k+ykd+ esa cqyUn vkSj cs feLy vkSj reke
vfEc;k&fdjke v+ySfgeqLlyke dk ljnkj cuk;k
vkSj vius uwj ls gqtwjs ikd ds ftLes vr~gj dks
r[k+yhd+ fd;k ftudk t+kfgj o ckfru lc uwj gS

vkSj jger o lykerh gks vkids

vgys cSr vr~gkj ij tks nhu dh fgQ+kt+r vkSj
cd+k ds fy;s dqjcku gks x;s tks jkst+s d+;ker
eqfgCckus vgys cSr dh futkr dk t+fj;k gksaxs
vkSj gj vkQ+r o elkbc ds njfe;ku <+ky gksaxs
vkSj jger o lykerh gks vkidh vt+okts
eqrg~jkr vkSj vkidh vky o vlgko vkSj
reke vkSfy;k&,&fdjke o lwfQ+;k&,&b+t+ke ij
vkSj mu ij tks vYykg rv+kyk ds eqd+jZc o
e[k+lwl cUns gSaA
 [12]

%& rEghn %&

vYykg jCcqy bT+t+r dk 'kqØ o ,glku gS fd

ftldh rkSQ+hd+ ls eSa bl fdrkc dh rkv+yhQ+
dj jgk gw¡ vkSj vYykg rckjd o rv+kyk dk
v+t+he Q+T+yks dje gS ftlus eq>s ;s lv+knr
v+rk Q+jekbZ gS vYykg jCcqy bT+t+r Q+jekrk
gS fd nqfu;k¡ jkg xqt+j gS vkSj ,s xqukgksa ds
iqrys rwus fdrus xqukg fd;s ftldk rq>s [kqn
vanktk vkSj 'kqekj ugha ysfdu fQj Hkh eSa rsjh
rkSck ij rsjs xqukgksa dks eqv+kQ+ dj nsrk gw¡ vkSj
nqfu;k¡ esa rsjs xqukgksa dh ijnk iks'kh djrk gw¡
vkSj rwus esjh fdruh ukQ+jekfu;k¡ dha fQj Hkh
eSaus nj xqt+j Q+jek;k pqukapk eSa pkgrk gw¡ fd
,s esjs cUns rw esjh Q+jeka cjnkjh ds lkFk viuh
ft+Unxh xqt+kj vkSj esjh rkv+r o esjh Q+jeka
cjnkjh ij gh rsjk [k+kRek gks vksj esjs vokfej
o uokgh ij rw eqd+Eey v+ey iSjk gks tk
rkfd rsjh vkf[k+jr laoj tk;s vkSj rw vkf[k+jr
ds l[+r rjhu o nnZukd v+t+kc ls egQwt+ jgs

D;ksafd d+;ker dk fnu bUlku ds

xqeku ls dgha T+;knk l[+r rj gksxk ml fnu
yksxksa ij eqlYyr gksus okys v+t+kc dh dSfQ+;r
o f'kn~nr dk v+kye ;s gksxk fd mldk rlOoqj
Hkh ugha fd;k tk ldrk vkSj ml fnu yksx&
 [13]

fugk;r l[+r elkbcks vkyke esa eqfCryk gksaxs

vkSj bfUrgkbZ rdyhQ+ks ijs'kkuh ls yksx csgky
gksaxs ml fnu lwjt cgqr d+jhc gksxk vkSj yksx
ilhus esa x+d+Z gks jgs gksaxs vkSj I;kl ls yksxksa
dh t+ckusa ckgj dks f[kap jgh gksaxh vkSj dysts
eq¡g dks vk jgs gksaxs vkSj csVk vius cki ls nwj
Hkkx jgk gksxk vkSj cki vius csVs ls nwj Hkkx
jgk gksxk vkSj choh vius 'kkSgj dks Hkwy tk;sxh
vkSj 'kkSgj viuh choh dks u igpkusxk vkSj
ek¡ vius cPpksa dks Hkwy tk;sxh

vkSj ml fnu yksx uaxs ik¡o uaxs cnu

eSnkus eg'kj esa tekv+ gksaxs vkSj d+;ker dh
gkSyukdh o l[+r eqlhcr yksxksa dks gykd dj
jgh gksxh vkSj ckv+t+ yksx dgsaxs fd dk'k eSa
nj[+r gksrk tks fd dkV fn;k tkrk vkSj ckv+t+
dgsaxs fd dk'k eSa feV~Vh gksrk vkSj e[k+ywd+ esa
ls dksbZ ftLe ,slk ugha tks d+;ker dh l[+rh
o bfUrgkbZ rdyhQ+ks ijs'kkuh dks cjnk'r djus
dh dqOor j[krk gks lks ml fnu ls Mjks vkSj
nqfu;k¡ dks rykd+ nsdj vkf[k+jr dh rS;kjh esa
dljr ls usd vkv+eky djks rkfd vYykg
rv+kyk vkf[k+jr ds v+t+kc ls egQwt+ j[ks vkSj
viuh vkeku esa j[ks ,s xqukgksa o ukQ+jekfu;ksa
eas el#Q+ jgus okys dc rd rw vius xqukgksa
ij inkZ Mky ldsxk gkyk¡fd jkst+s d+;ker reke
e[k+ywd+kr ds lkeus rsjs reke xqukg t+kfgj dj
 [14]

fn;s tk;saxs rc rw iNrk;sxk vkSj 'keZlkj gksxk

exj rsjh 'keZlkjh rsjs dksbZ dke u vk;sxh vkSj
rw nqfu;k¡ ls oks pht+ ryc djrk gS tks fd rsjs
eqd+n~nj esa ugha gS vkSj uk gh rq>s fey ldsxh
vkSj vYykg rv+kyk us tks dqN rq>s fn;k gS
ogh rsjs fy;s csgrj gS ftl rjg ge viuh
vkSykn ds fy;s tks csgrj le>rs gSa ogh djrs
gSa Bhd blh rjg esjk ijoj fnxkj Hkh vius
cUnkas ds fy;s tks csgrj gksrk gS ogh mlds
eqd+n~nj esa fy[k nsrk gS

fQj vius eqd+n~nj ij D;kas ijs'kku gksrk

gS cfYd rq>s rks [kq'k gksuk pkfg;s vkSj vius
ijoj fnxkj dk 'kqØ ctk ykuk pkfg;s fd tks
mlus rsjs gd+ esa fd;k oks rsjs fy;s csgrj gS
;kn j[k fd ekSr dk Q+fj'rk rq>s [k+cj ugha
nsxk vkSj u gh rq>s ges'kk ft+Unk vkSj ekStwn
jguk gS cfYd rw Hkwyh fcljh ;knksa esa xqe gks
tk;sxk vkSj ftuds xqukg gYds gksaxs oks dke;kc
gksaxs vkSj d+cz o nkst+[k+ ds v+t+kc ls egQwt+
jgsaxs il vius ijoj fnxkj ls rkSck dj vkSj
usd jkg ij iyV vk vkSj dljr ls usd
vkv+eky djA
Q+d+hj
Mk0 vkt+e csx d+knjh lQ+oh
09897626182
 [15]

&% igyh ckj lwj Qw¡duk %&

lwj ,d lhax dh rjg gS tSls fcxqy gksrk gS

vkSj bldh xksykbZ t+ehu o vkleku dh rjg
gS cs'kd bljkQ+hy ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ lkfgcs lwj
gSa vkSj muds pkj ij gSa vkSj oks lwj dks nk¡;h
jku ij j[ks gq;s gSa vkSj lwj dk lj muds
eq¡g ij gS vkSj oks vYykg jCcqy bT+t+r ds
gqDe ds eqUrft+j gSa fd dc mUgsa lwj Qw¡dus dk
gqDe gksrk gS rks tc nqfu;k¡ dh eqn~nr iwjh gks
tk;sxh rks lwj bljkQ+hy ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ dh
is'kkuh ds d+jhc gks tk;sxkA

il bljkQ+hy ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ mls vius

pkjksa ijkas ij feyk;saxs vkSj lwj esa Qw¡d nsaxs
fQj eYdqy ekSr viuk ,d gkFk lkroha t+ehu
ds uhps dj nsaxs vkSj nwljk gkFk lkroas vkleku
ds Åij dj nsaxs il reke vklekuksa o t+ehu
okyksa dh vj*okg d+Ct+ dj ysaxs flok;s bcyhl
v+ySfg ykv+ur ds vkSj #,s t+ehu ij dksbZ
tkunkj u cpsxk flok;s ftcjkbZy] ehdkby o
bljkQ+hy o bt+jkbZy ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ ds vkSj
vkleku ij dksbZ u jgsxk exj oks ftUgsa
vYykg rckjd o rv+kyk us bl bj'kkn ls
eqLrLuk fd;k gSA
 [16]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj lwj Qw¡dk tk;sxk il ej tk;asxs tks
vklekuksa esa gS vkSj tks t+ehu eas gS exj
ogh ftls vYykg rv+kyk ft+Unk j[kuk pkgsA
¼lw0&t+qej&39/68½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

fQj tc lwj esa ,d erZck Qw¡d ekjh tk;sxh
vkSj t+ehu vkSj igkM+ ¼viuh txgksa ls½ mBk
fy;s tk;saxs fQj oks ,d gh ckj Vdjkdj jst+k
jst+k dj fn;s tk;saxs lks ml oD+r okdS+v+ gksus
okyh ¼d+;ker½ cjik gks tk;sxh vkSj lc
vklekuh dqjsZ QV tk;saxs vkSj ;s dk;ukr
¼fl;kg½ f'kxkQ+ksa ij eq'rfey gks tk;sxh vkSj
Q+fj'rs mlds fdukjksa ij [kM+s gksaxs vkSj vkids
jc ds v+'kZ dks ml fnu vkB Q+fj'rs mBk;s
gq;s gksaxs ¼vkSj½ ml fnu rqe ¼fglkc ds fy;s½
is'k fd;s tkvksxs ¼vkSj½ rqEgkjh dksbZ Hkh iks'khnk
ckr Nqih u jgsxhA
¼lw0&gkD+d+kg&69/13 rk 17½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

fQj tc lwj Q¡wdk tk;sxk rks muds njfe;ku
ml fnu u fj'rs ¼ckd+h½ jgsaxs vkSj u oks ,d
nwljs dk gky iwN ldsaxsA
¼lw0&eqfeuwu&23/101½
 [17]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj vklekuksa o t+ehu dk ¼lc½ x+Sc vYykg
gh ds fy;s gS vkSj d+;ker ds cik gksus dk
okD+v+k bl d+nj rst+ gksxk tSls vk¡[k dk
>iduk ;k mlls Hkh rst+ rj gksxk cs'kd
vYykg gj pht+ ij d+kfnj gSA
¼lw0&ug~y&16/77½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj ogh ¼vYykg½ gS ftlus vklekuksa vkSj
t+ehu dks gd+ ¼ij ecuh rnchj½ ds lkFk iSnk
Q+jek;k gS vkSj ftl fnu oks Q+jek;sxk gks tk
rks oks ¼jkst+s eg'kj cik½ gks tk;sxk mldk
Q+jeku gd+ gS vkSj ml fnu mlh dh ckn'kkgh
gksxh tc lwj esa Qw¡d ekjh tk;sxh ¼ogh½ gj
iks'khnk vkSj t+kfgj dk tkuus okyk gS vkSj ogh
fgder okyk [k+cjnkj gSA ¼lw0&vuv+ke&6/73½

&% lwj D;k gS %&

gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq
rv+kyk v+Ugqek½ ls fjok;r gS fd ,d vkv+jkch
us v+t+Z fd;k ;k jlwyYykg lwj D;k pht+ gS rks
vki ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us
Q+jek;k fd oks ,d lhax ¼dh rjg½ gS ftlesa
¼jkst+s d+;ker½ Qw¡d ekjh tk;sxhA
¼frfeZt+h&2/251-2430½ ¼vcw nkÅn&6/598-4742½
 [18]

&% lwj eq¡g ds d+jhc gS %&

gt+jr vcw lbZn [kqnjh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk

v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k eSa D;ksa dj
vkjke d#¡ tcfd lwj okys Q+fj'rs ;kuh
bljkQ+hy ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ us lwj eq¡g esa fy;k
gqvk gS vkSj oks dku yxk;s bl bfUrt+kj esa gS
fd mUgsa lwj Qw¡dus dk dc gqDe gks vkSj oks
lwj Qw¡dsa lks ;s vEj jlwyqYykg ds lgkck ij
l[+r xqt+jk fQj vki ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye½ us Q+jek;k rqe dgks ^^glcquYykgk o
usv+ey odhy vyy ykfg roDdYuk** ;kuh
vYykg rv+kyk gesa dkQ+h gS vkSj oks csgrj
dkjlkt+ gS vkSj geus vYykg gh ij Hkjkslk
fd;k gSA
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/251-g0&2431½

gt+jr vcw lbZn [kqnjh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk

v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd lwj
Qw¡dus okys Q+fj'rs ds gkFkksa esa lwj gS vkSj oks
vYykg rv+kyk ds gqDe ds eqUrft+j gSa fd dc
mudks lwj Qw¡dus dk gqDe gks vkSj oks lwj Qw¡dsa
¼bCus ektk&lquu&3/394-g0&4273½
 [19]

&% t+gwjs d+;ker %&

tc lwj Qw¡dk tk;sxk rks reke vgys vkleku
o vgys t+ehu okyksa ds ftLe [k+kSQ+ o ?kcjkgV
ls dk¡i jgs gksaxs flok;s mlds ftls vYykg
rv+kyk egQwt+ j[ks vkSj viuh veku esa j[ks
vkSj ml oDr igkM+ pysaxs vkSj vkleku QV
iMsaxs vkSj t+ehu yjt+ tk;sxh vkSj gokfey ds
gey lkfd+r gks tk;saxs vkSj nw/k fiykus okyh ek¡
vius cPps dks Hkwy tk;sxh vkSj cPps [k+kSQ+ ls
cw<+s gks tk;saxs vkSj rgd+hd+ flrkjs >M+ iM+saxs o
VwVsaxs vkSj vkQ+rkc rkjhd o cs uwj gks tk;sxk
vkSj vkleku Åij ls [khap fy;k tk;sxkA

tSlk fd bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS&

vkSj ftl fnu lwj Qw¡dk tk;sxk rks oks ¼lc
yksx½ ?kcjk tk;saxs tks vklekuksa esa gSa vkSj tks
t+ehu esa gSa exj ftUgsa vYykg pkgsxk ¼oks ugha
?kcjk;saxs½ vkSj lc ml ¼vYykg½ dh ckjxkg esa
v+kftt+h djrs gq;s gkft+j gksaxs vkSj ¼,s bUlku½
rw igkM+ksa dks ns[ksxk rks [+;ky djsxk fd oks tes
gq;s gSa gkyk¡fd oks ckny ds mM+us dh rjg mM+
jgs gksaxs ;s vYykg dh dkjhxjh gS ftlus gj
pht+ dks ¼fgder o rnchj ds lkFk½ et+cwr o
eqLrgde cuk j[kk gS cs'kd oks mu lc ¼dkeksa½
ls [k+cjnkj gS tks rqe djrs gksA
¼lw0&uEy&27/87,88½
 [20]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS&

tc lwjt yisV dj cs uwj dj fn;k tk;sxk
vkSj tc flrkjs viuh txg ls fxj iM+saxs vkSj
tc igkM+ ¼xqckj cukdj Q+t+k esa½ pyk;s tk;saxs
vkSj tc gkeyk Å¡Vfu;k¡ csdkj NwVh fQjsaxh
¼dksbZ mudk [k+cjxhj u gksxk½ vkSj tc og'kh
tkuoj tekv+ fd;s tk;saxs ¼vkSj½ tc leqUnj
lqyxk;s tk;saxs vkSj tc #gsa ¼cnuksa ls½ feyk
nh tk;saxh vkSj tc ft+Unk nQ+u dh gqbZ yM+dh
ls iwNk tk;sxk fd oks fdl xqukg ds lcc d+Ry
dh xbZ Fkh vkSj tc vkv+eky ukes [kksys tk;saxs
vkSj tc lekoh rcd+kr dks QkM+dj viuh
txgksa ls gVk fn;k tk;sxk vkSj tc nkst+[k+ ¼dh
vkx½ HkM+dkbZ tk;sxh vkSj tc tUur d+jhc
dj nh tk;sxh rks gj 'k[+l tku ysxk tks dqN
mlus gkft+j fd;k gSA
¼lw0&rdohj&81/1 rk 14½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS&

¼;kn djks½ oks okD+v+k tks fny ngykdj j[k
nsxk D;k gS oks fny ngykus okyk okD+v+k vkSj
rqEgsa D;k ekywe oks fny ngykus okyk okD+v+k
D;k gS ftl fnu lkjs yksx QSys gq;s iraxksa dh
rjg gks tk;saxs vkSj igkM+ jax fcjaxs /kqudh gqbZ
Åu dh rjg gks tk;saxs il oks 'k[+l ftl ¼ds
vkv+eky½ ds iyM+s Hkkjh gksaxs rks oks [kq'k xokj
,S'k o eljZr esa gksxk vkSj ftlds vkv+eky ds
 [21]

iyM+s gYds gksaxs rks mldk fBdkuk gkfo;k

¼tgUuqe dk x<+k½ gksxk vkSj vki D;k le>rs
gSa fd gkfo;k D;k gS ¼oks tgUuqe dh½ l[+r
ngdrh gqbZ vkx ¼dk bfUrgkbZ xgjk x<+k½ gSA
¼lw0&d+kfj;k&101/1 rk 8½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS&

ml fnu ¼dk;ukr dh½ gj eqrgfjZd pht+ 'knhn
gjdr esa vk tk;sxh ihNs vkus okyk ,d vkSj
t+yt+yk mlds ihNs vk;sxk ml fnu ¼yksxksa ds½
fny [k+kSQ+ o bt+frjkc ls /kM+drs gksaxs ¼vkSj½
mudh vk¡[ksa ¼[k+kSQ+ o gScr ls½ >qdh gqbZ gksaxhA
¼lw0&ukft+vkr&79/6 rk 9½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS&

cs'kd tks okv+nk ¼d+;ker dk½ rqels fd;k tk
jgk gS oks t+#j iwjk gksdj jgsxk fQj tc
flrkjksa dh jks'kuh t+k;y dj nh tk;sxh vkSj
tc vklekuh dk;ukr esa f'kxkQ+ gks tk;saxs
vkSSj tc igkM+ ¼jst+k&jst+k djds½ mM+k fn;s
tk;saxs vkSj tc iSx+Ecjksa dks ¼viuh&viuh
mEerksa ij xokgh ds fy;s½ tekv+ fd;k tk;sxk
¼dksbZ iwNs fd½ bl eqv+keys dks fdl fnu ds
fy;s eqYroh fd;k x;k gS ¼rks tokc ;s gS fd½
Q+Slys ds fnu ds fy;s vkSj rqEgsa D;k ekywe
Q+Slys dk fnu D;k pht+ gS cM+h [k+jkch gksxh
,sls yksxksa dh tks gd+ dks >qBykrs gSa D;k geus
 [22]

igys ds yksxksa gykd ugha fd;k fQj muds ihNs

ckn okyksa dks Hkh gykd dj nsaxs vkSj ,slk gh
lqywd ge eqtfjeksa ds lkFk fd;k djrs gSa cM+h
[k+jkch gksxh ml fnu ,sls yksxksa dh tks gd+ dks
>qBykrs gSa D;k geus rqEgsa ,d gd+hj ikuh ls
iSnk ugha fd;k fQj geus mls eqd+jZjk oD+r rd
,d egQwt+ txg ¼;kuh jges eknj½ esa j[kk
¼oD+r ds½ ,d eqv+¸;u vankt+s rd fQj geus
¼uqRQ+k ls roYyqn rd reke ejkfgy ds fy;s½
oD+r ds vankt+s eqd+jZj fd;s il ¼ge½ D;k gh
[kwc vUnkt+s eqd+jZj djus okys gSa ml fnu
>qBykus okyksa ds fy;s cM+h rckgh gS D;k geus
t+ehu dks lesV ysus okyh ugha cuk;k ¼tks
lesVrh gS½ ft+Unksa dks Hkh vkSj eqnkZsa dks Hkh geus
ml ij cqyUn o et+cwr igkM+ j[k fn;s vkSj
geus rqEgsa ¼'khjha p'eksa ds t+fj,½ ehBk ikuh
fiyk;k ml fnu >qBykus okyksa ds fy;s cM+h
cckZnh gksxh ¼vc½ rqe ml ¼v+t+kc½ dh rjQ+
pyks ftls rqe >qByk;k djrs Fks rqe ¼nkst+[k+ ds
/kq¡,sa ij ecuh½ ml lk;s dh rjQ+ pyks ftlds
rhu fgLls gSa tks u rks BUMk lk;k gS vkSj u
gh vkx dh rfi'k ls cpkus okyk gS cs'kd oks
¼nkst+[k+½ Å¡ps egy dh rjg ¼cM+s&cM+s½ 'kksv+ys
vkSj fpaxkfj;k¡ mM+krh gS ¼;w¡ Hkh yxrk gS½ xks;k
oks ¼fpaxkfj;k¡½ t+nZ jax okys Å¡V gksa ml fnu
>qBykus okyksa ds fy;s cM+h rckgh gS ;s ,slk
fnu gS fd oks ¼mlesa½ cksy Hkh u ldsaxs vkSj u
 [23]

gh mUgsa btkt+r nh tk;sxh fd oks ekv+t+jr dj

ldsa ml fnu >qBykus okyksa ds fy;s cM+h rckgh
gS ;s Q+Slys dk fnu gS ¼ftlesa½ ge rqEgsa vkSj
¼lc½ fiNys yksxksa dks tekv+ djsaxs fQj vxj
rqEgkjs ikl ¼v+t+kc ds cpus dk½ dksbZ ghyk gS
rks eq> ij pyk yks ml fnu >qBykus okyksa ds
fy;s cM+h rckgh gS cs'kd ijgst+xkj BUMs lk;ksa
vkSj p'eksa esa ¼,s'k o jkgr ds lkFk½ gksaxs vkSj
Qy vkSj esos ftl pht+ dh Hkh oks [+okfg'k
djsaxs oks muds fy;s ekStwn gksxh o ¼muls dgk
tk;sxk½ rqe [kwc ets+ ls [kkvks vkSj fi;ks mu
vkv+ekys ¼lkfygk½ ds cnys tks rqe fd;k djrs
Fks cs'kd+ ge blh rjg usdksdkjksa dks tt+k fn;k
djrs gSa ml fnu >qBykus okyksa ds fy;s cM+h
rckgh gS ¼,s gd+ ds equfdjksa½ rqe FkksM+k v+jlk
[kk yks vkSj Q+k;nk mBk yks cs'kd rqe eqtfje
gks lks ml fnu >qBykus okyksa ds fy;s cM+h
rckgh gS vkSj tc muls dgk tkrk gS fd rqe
¼vYykg ds gqtwj½ >qdks rks oks ugha >qdrs ml
fnu >qBykus okyksa ds fy;s cM+h rckgh gSA
¼lw0&eqjlykr&77/7 rk 50½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS&

tc lc vklekuh dqjsZ QV tk;saxs vkSj tc
flrkjs >M+ iM+saxs vkSj tc leqUnj ¼vkSj nfj;k½
mHkj dj cg tk;saxs vkSj tc d+csza m[kkM+ nh
tk;saxha ml oD+r gj 'k[+l dks irk py tk;sxk
 [24]

fd mlus vkxs D;k HkstkA

¼lw0&bufQ+rkj&82/1 rk 5½

gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd jkst+s d+;ker
pk¡n vkSj lwjt yisV fn;s tk;saxsA
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&3/449-g0&3200½

jkst+s d+;ker t+ehuks vkleku esa dqN

Hkh ckd+h u jgsxk oks vius vUnj dh gj pht+
dks ckgj fudky dj Qsad nsxh vkSj flrkjs >M+
iM+sxs vkSj pk¡n o lwjt cs uwj gks tk;saxs vkSj
pkjkas rjQ+ rkjhdh Nk tk;sxh vkSj leqUnj lw[k
tk;saxs o igkM+ /kqudh gqbZ Åu dh rjg mM+k;s
tk;saxs vkSj yksx fc[kjs gq;s iraxksa dh rjg gksaxs
vkSj jkst+s d+;ker yksx uaxs cnu gksaxs vkSj mu
dh 'keZxkgsa [kqyh gksus ds ckoqtwn yksx d+;ker
dh gkSyukfd;ksa o l[+r eqlhcrks ijs'kkuh ds
lcc ,d nwljs dks ns[kus ls cs fu;kt+ jgsaxsA

pqukapk bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS&

muesa ls gj ,d dks ml fnu viuh ,slh fQ+Ø
iM+h gksxh fd mls nwljksa dk gks'k u gksxkA
¼lw0&vcl&80/37½
 [25]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS&

tc t+ehu vius l[+r Hkwpky ls cM+h f'kn~nr
ds lkFk FkjFkjkbZ tk;sxh vkSj t+ehu vius lc
cks> fudky ckgj Qasdsxh vkSj bUlku dgsxk fd
bldks D;k gks x;k gS ml fnu t+ehu viuh
lkjh [k+cjsa crk;sxh D;ksafd rqEgkjs ijojfnxkj us
mls ;gh gqDe fn;k gksxk ¼vkSj½ ml fnu yksx
eq[+rfyQ+ fxjksg cudj ¼tqnk tqnk gkyrksa esa½
fudysaxs rkfd mUgsa muds vkv+eky fn[kk;s tk;sa
rks ftlus t+jkZ cjkcj Hkh usdh dh gksxh oks mls
ns[k ysxk vkSj ftlus t+jkZ cjkcj Hkh cqjkbZ dh
gksxh oks mls ns[k ysxkA ¼lw0&t+yt+yk&1 rk 8½

il ml fnu u dksbZ bUlku ckd+h jgsxk

vkSj u ftUu vkSj u dksbZ 'kSrku vkSj u dksbZ
gSoku fQj vYykg rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk ,s eYdqy
ekSr vkt eSa rq>s x+t+c dk fyckl igukrk gw¡
rw esjs x+t+c o l[+rh ds lkFk bCyhl dh rjQ+
tk vkSj mls ekSr dh l[+rh p[kk vkSj ml ij
reke e[k+ywd+ vOoyhu o vkf[k+jhu o ftUu o
bUlku dh ekSr dh lf[+r;ksa ls nks xquh l[+rh
Mky vkSj vius lkFk lRrj gt+kj v+t+kc ds
Q+fj'rksa dks Hkh ys tk vkSj muesa gj ,d
Q+fj'rs ds ikl vkx dh t+athjsa gksa il eYdqy
ekSr funk djsxk rks nkst+[k+ ds njokt+s [kksy fn;s
tk;saxs fQj oks v+t+kc ds Q+fj'rs mlesa ls ta+thjsa
fudkysaxs fQj eYdqy ekSr ,slh 'kD+y esa ukft+y-
 [26]

gksxk fd vxj ml 'kD+y dks vkleku o t+ehu

dh e[+kywd+ ns[k ys rks lc ds lc ej tk;sa
fQj tc oks bCyhl ybZu ds ikl vk;saxs rks
bCyhl ybZu csgks'k gks tk;sxk vkSj eYdqy ekSr
dh >M+d esa ,slh xjt+ gksxh fd vxj vkleku
o t+ehu okys lqu ysa rks ml xjt+ ls csgks'k gks
tk;sa fQj ml ij v+t+kc ds Q+fj'rs VwV iM+saxs
vkSj t+athjksa ds lkFk mldh [kky uksap&uksap dj
mrkj nsaxsA

fQj vYykg rv+kyk Q+fj'rs dks gqDe nsxk

tks reke nfj;kvksa dks [kq'd dj nsxk vkSj
nfj;k bl rjg [kq'd gks tk;saxs tSls muesa dHkh
ikuh Fkk gh ugha fQj oks igkM+ksa ds ikl vk;sxk
vkSj dgsxk fd rqEgkjh eqn~nr iwjh gks pqdh fQj
oks fi?ky tk;saxs fQj oks t+ehu ds ikl vk;sxk
vkSj dgsxk fd rsjh eqn~nr iwjh gks pqdh fQj
t+ehu reke cks> fudky ckgj dj nsxh vkSj
reke bekjkr fxj tk;saxh vkSj mldk ikuh
lw[k tk;sxkA

tSlk fd bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS&

tks dqN t+ehu ij gS lc Q+uk gks tk;sxk flQ+Z
vkids jc dh t+krs ikd gh ckd+h jgsxh tks
lkfgcs bT+t+r o bdjke gSA
¼lw0&jgeku&55/26,27½
 [27]

fQj oks Q+fj'rk vkleku ij tk;sxk vkSj ml

ij t+ksjnkj vkokt+ nsxk il vkQ+rkc rkjhd gks
tk;sxk vkSj ekgrkc cs uwj gks tk;sxk vkSj
flrkjs >M+ iM+saxs fQj vYykg rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk
fd ,s eYdqy ekSr esjh e[+kywd+ esa ls vc dkSu
ckd+h jg x;k gS rks oks v+t+Z djsxk ,s esjs jc
vc ftcjbZy o ehdkby o bljkQ+hy vkSj eSa
o gkfeyhus v+'kZ ft+Unk gSa il vYykg rv+kyk
Q+jek;sxk fd ,s eYdqy ekSr rwus esjk dyke
lquk gS fd gj tku dks ekSr dk et+k p[k+uk gS
vkSj rqe lc esjh e[+kywd+ esa ls gks rks vc
rqe lc Hkh ej tkvks rks oks lc ds lc ej
tk;saxs fQj vYykg rv+kyk ds flok dksbZ pht+
ckd+h u jgsxh fQj vYykg rckjd o rv+kyk
ftu Q+fj'rksa dks pkgsxk nksckjk iSnk Q+jek;sxkA

%& gqtwj v+ySfgLlyke dh bT+t+r

o bdjke dk c;ku %&
fQj vYykg rv+kyk tc e[k+ywd+ dks nksckjk
ft+Unk djus dk bjknk Q+jek;sxk rks lcls igys
ftcjkbZy] ehdkby] bljkQ+hy ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½
dks ft+Unk Q+jek;sxk fQj vYykg rv+kyk cqjkZd+
dks laokjus dk gqDe nsxk il oks Q+fj'rs ml
cqjkZd+ dks ysdj tUur esa tk;sxs vkSj dgsaxs ,s
fjt+okus tUur ¼,s tUur ds njcku½ eqgEen
¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySg olYye½ vkSj vkidh
 [28]

mEer ds fy;s bls ltk nks fQj oks cqjkZd+ dks

tUurh fyckl iguk;saxs tks ;kdwr ls tM+k gqvk
gksxk vkSj cqjkZd+ dh yxke lCt+ t+cjtn dh
gksxh fQj vYykg rv+kyk eykbdk ls Q+jek;sxk
fd bls gt+jr eqgEen ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySg
olYye½ dh d+cz eqckjd ij ys tkvks il oks
nks f[k+yv+rsa vkSj ,d tUurh rkt vkSj cqjkZd+
dks ysdj gqtwj dh d+cz eqckjd ij tk;asxs vkSj
ml oD+r t+ehu lkQ+ o geokj gks pqdh gksxh
fQj gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySg olYye½
dh d+czs vuoj ls ,d uwj t+kfgj gksxk tks
feLys vkleku ds fdukjs rd cqyUn gksxk

fQj ehdkby ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ dgasxs ,s&

eqgEen ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySg olYye½ vki
ij lyke gks fQj bljkQ+hy ¼v+ySfgLlyke½
v+tZ+ djsaxs ,s ikd #g mfB;s vkSj vius jc dk
gqDe iwjk dhft;s vkSj viuh mEer ds fglkc
vkSj jgeku dh ckjxkg eas is'kh ds fy;s mfB;s
il vki dh d+cz eqckjd [kqy tk;sxh rks vki
¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySg olYye½ viuh d+czs
vuoj esa cSBs gq;s gksaxs vkSj vius lj eqckjd
vkSj nk<+h eqckjd ls feV~Vh >kM+rs gkasxs il
ftcjkbZy ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ vkidks nks f[k+yv+rsa
nsaxs ¼;kuh oks tUurh iks'kkdsa tks vYykg rv+kyk
dh rjQ+ ls vkidh bT+t+r o bdjke esa vkidks
v+rk gksaxh½ fQj oks ,d rkt vkSj cqjkZd+ is'k&
 [29]

djasxs fQj vki ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySg

olYye½ ftcjkbZy ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ ls iwNsaxs ;s
dkSu lk fnu gS oks v+t+Z djsaxs fd ;s g'j dk
fnu gS vkSj ;s fnu dkfQ+jksa ds fy;s fQ+jkd+
¼fQ+ؽ vkSj eksfeuksa ds fy;s eqykd+kr dk fnu gS
vkSj ;s unker o eyker vkSj gljr dk fnu
gS fQj ftcjkbZy ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ v+t+Z djsaxs fd
vkids fy;s rkt vkSj nks f[k+yv+rsa vkSj cqjkZd+
gkft+j gS vkSj vkids fy;s tUur dks [kksy fn;k
x;k gS vkSj tUur dks vkidh vken ds okLrs
vkjkLrk dj fn;k x;k gS vkSj tgUuqe dks cUn
dj fn;k x;k gS

fQj vki ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySg olYye½

Q+jek;saxs ,s ftcjkbZy eSa ;s lc ugha iwNrk cl
eSa ;s iwNrk gw¡ fd esjh xqukgxkj mEer dk gky
D;k gS 'kk;n rw mUgsa iqy fljkr ij NksM+ vk;s
gks rks bljkQ+hy ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ v+t+Z djsaxs ,s&
eqgEen ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySg olYye½ eq>s
vius jc dh d+le eSaus vHkh d+czksa ls mBus dk
lwj ugha Qw¡dk gS il vki ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk
v+ySg olYye½ Q+jek;saxs vc esjk fny [kq'k
gqvk vkSj esjh vk¡[ksa BUMh gqbZa fQj vki tUurh
rkt vkSj f[k+yv+rsa tS+cs ru djsaxs vkSj cqjkZd+
ij lokj gksdj v+'kZ dh rjQ+ j^okuk gksaxsA
 [30]

&% nksckjk lwj Q¡wds tkus dk c;ku %&

fQj vYykg rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk ,s bljkQ+hy mBks

vkSj mBkus dk lwj Q¡wdks il oks lwj Qw¡dsaxs
vkSj vkokt+ nsaxs fd ,s cnuksa ls fudyus okyh
#gksa vkSj cks'khnk gfM~M;ksa vkSj fc[kjus okys
ftLeksa vkSj eqUd+rkv+ jxksa vkSj tqnk gksus okyh
[kkyksa vkSj fxjs gq;s ckyksa vYykg ds gqDe ls
[kM+s gks tkvks rks oks lc vYykg rv+kyk ds
gqDe ls [kM+s gkasxs rks lc vkleku dh rjQ+
ns[kasxs vkSj rgd+hd+ oks Q+uk gks pqdk gksxk fQj
oks t+ehu dks ns[ksaxs rgd+hd+ dks cny pqdh gksxh
vkSj oks igkM+ksa dh rjQ+ ns[ksaxs oks py pqds gksaxs
vkSj nfj;k [kq'd gks pqds gksaxs vkSj v+t+kc ds
Q+fj'rs gkft+j gksaxs vkSj lwjt yisV fn;k x;k
gksxk vkSj eht+ku d+k;e gks pqdk gksxk vkSj
tUur ut+nhd dj nh x;h gksxh fQj ml fnu
gj tku vius gj vPNs o cqjs v+ey ij
eqRrykv+ gksxh tks oks vius lkFk yk;sxhA

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

fQj tc nwljh ckj lwj Qw¡dk tk;sxk rks oks
lc vpkud ns[krs gq;s [kM+s gks tk;saxsA
¼lw0&tqej&39/68½
 [31]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

fQj tc nksckjk lwj esa Qw¡d ekjh tk;sxh rks oks
fnu ;kuh jkst+s d+;ker cM+k gh l[+r fnu gksxk
vkSj dkfQ+jksa ij gjfxt+ vklku u gksxkA
¼lw0&eqnfLlj&74/8-10½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ftl fnu lwj Qw¡dk tk;sxk rks rqe fxjksg nj
fxjksg vYykg ds gqtwj pys vkvksxs vkSj
vkleku ds rcd+kr QkM+ fn;s tk;saxs rks ¼QVus
ds ckbl xks;k½ oks njokt+s gh njokt+s gks tk;saxs
vkSj igkM+ ¼xqckj cukdj Qt+k esa½ mM+k fn;s
tk;saxs lks oks jsr dh rjg gks tk;saxsA
¼lw0&uck&78/18 rk 20½

gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS uch vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd nksaukas lwj ds
Q¡wdks ds njfe;ku pkyhl dk Q+d+Z gksxk ¼;k
pkyhl fnu ;k pkyhl eghus ;k pkyhl lky½
fQj vkleku ls ikuh cjlsxk ftlls yksx ,sls
mx vk;saxs tSls lCt+k mx vkrk gS vkSj vkneh
ds cnu esa dksbZ pht+ ,slh ugha tks xy u tk;s
flok;s ,d gM~Mh ds oks jh<+ dh gM~Mh gS blh
gM~Mh ls d+;ker ds fnu yksx iSnk gksaxsA
¼eqfLye&lgh&6/466-g0&7414½
 [32]

%& d+czksa ls mBuk vkSj eSnkus eg'kj

esa tekv+ gksus dk c;ku %&
fQj d+czksa ls fudyus ds ckn reke yksx uaxs
ik¡o uaxs ftLe eSnkus eg'kj dh rjQ+ rst+h ls
pysaxs flok;s vYykg rv+kyk ds e[+klwl o
eqd+jZc cUnksa ds vkSj ckv+t+ yksx eSnkus eg'kj
dh rjQ+ lokfj;ksa ij pysaxs vkSj ckv+t+ iSny
pysaxs vkSj ckv+t+ ?kqVuksa ds cy pysaxs vkSj
ckv+t+ eq¡g ds cy ?kflVrs gq;s pysaxs vkSj
ckv+t+ yksx vYykg rv+kyk dh jger ds lk;s
esa pysaxs vkSj eSnkus eg'kj dh t+ehu geokj
gksxh mlesa dksbZ Å¡p uhp u gksxh vkSj u dksbZ
Vhyk gksxk vkSj u dksbZ lk;k gksxk flok;s blds
fd ftls jc rv+kyk lk;k v+rk Q+jek;s vkSj oks
t+ehu nqfu;k¡ dh t+ehu dh rjg u gksxh cfYd
mls nwljh t+ehu ls cny fn;k x;k gksxk vkSj
ml oD+r yksxksa ds fny l[+r [+kkSQ+ t+nk gksaxs
o reke e[k+ywd+ eSnkus eg'kj esa tekv+ gksxhA

eSnkus eg'kj dh t+ehu lQs+n gksxh

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&
ftl fnu ;s t+ehu nwljh t+ehu ls cny nh
tk;sxh vkSj tqeyk vkleku Hkh cny fn;s
tk;saxs vkSj lc yksx vYykg ds #c# gkft+j
gksaxsA ¼lw0&bczkghe&14/48½
 [33]

gt+jr lg~y fcu lkv+n ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk

v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd d+;ker
ds fnu yksx ,d lQ+sn t+ehu ij bdV~Bs fd;s
tk;saxs tks lq[khZ ekjrh gksxh tSls eSnk dh jksVh
vkSj ml t+ehu esa fdlh ds fy;s v+yker o
fu'kku u gksxkA
¼eqfLye&lgh&6/356-g0&7055½
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&6/93-g0&6521½

%& jkst+s d+;ker yksx uaxs

cnu mBk;s tk;saxs %&
gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq
rv+kyk v+Ugqek½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
fd jkst+s d+;ker rqe uaxs ik¡o vkSj uaxs cnu
vkSj cs [k+Ruk mBk;s tkvksxsA
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&6/95-g0&6525½
¼ulkbZ&lquu&1/674-g0&2085,2086½
¼eqfLye&lgh&6/394-g0&7200,7201½

gt+jr vk;'kk fln~nhd+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk

v+Ugk½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd jkst+s
d+;ker yksx uaxs iSj vkSj uaxs cnu mBk;s
tk;saxs rks eSaus v+t+Z fd;k ;k jlwyYykg rks enZ&
 [34]

o v+kSjr ,d nwljs dh rjQ+ ns[ksaxs rks vki

¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
fd g'j dh eqlhcr ,slh l[+r gksxh fd gj
,d dks flQ+Z viuh fQ+Ø gksxh tks mls ,d
nwljs dks ns[kus ls cs fu;kt+ dj nsxhA
¼ulkbZ&lquu&1/674-g0&2087½
¼bCus ektk&lquu&3/395-g0&4276½
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&6/96-g0&6527½
¼eqfLye&lgh&6/394-g0&7198½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

muesa ls gj ,d dks ml fnu viuh ,slh fQ+Ø
iM+h gksxh fd mls nwljksa dk gks'k u gksxkA
¼lw0&vcl&80/37½

gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq

rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd jlwys vdje
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
fd d+;ker ds fnu yksx uaxs ik¡o o uaxs cnu
vkSj cs [k+Ruk mBk;s tk;saxs tSlk fd iSnk fd;s
x;s Fks fQj vki ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye½ us ;s vk;r frykor Q+jekbZ ftl fnu
ge vkleku dks ;w¡ yisV nsaxs tSls fy[ks gq;s
dkxt+ dks yisV fn;k tkrk gS ftl rjg geus
¼dk;ukr dks½ igyh ckj iSnk fd;k Fkk ge mlh
rjg nksckjk iSnk djsaxs ;s okv+nk iwjk djuk
geus ykft+e dj fy;k gS ¼lw0&vfEc;k&21/104½
 [35]

fQj e[k+ywd+ esa ls lcls igys gt+jr bczkghe

¼v+ySfgLlyke½ dks tUurh fyckl iguk;k
tk;sxk vkSj dbZ yksx esjs vlgkc esa ls nk¡;h
rjQ+ vkSj ck¡;h rjQ+ ls idM+s tk;saxs eSa dgw¡xk
,s esjs jc ;s rks esjs lgkch gSa rks eq>ls dgk
tk;sxk ,s egcwc vki ugha tkurs fd bUgksaus
vkids folky ds ckn D;k&D;k cqjkbZ;k¡ dha gSa
vkSj ;s yksx nhu bLyke ls viuh ,sfM+;ksa ij
fQj x;s fQj eSa dgw¡xk tSlk fd gt+jr bZlk
¼v+ySfgLlyke½ us dgk ^^vxj rw budks lt+k ns
rks ;s rsjs cUns gSa vkSj vxj rw budks eqv+kQ+
Q+jeka ns rks rw x+kfyc fgder okyk gS**A
¼lw0&ek;nk&5/118½ ¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&6/95-g0&6526½
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/246-g0&2423½
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&3/528-g0&3349½
¼eqfLye&lgh&6/394-g0&7201½

%& d+czksa ls fudydj eSnkus eg'kj

dh rjQ+ pyus dk c;ku %&
bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&
vkSj ¼ftl oD+r nksckjk½ lwj Q¡wdk tk;sxk rks
oks Q+kSju d+czksa ls fudy dj vius jc dh
rjQ+ nkSM+ iMsaxs ¼oks jksts+ eg'kj dh gkSyukfd;ksa
dks ns[kdj½ dgsaxs gk; gekjh cn c[+rh geas
fdlus gekjh [+okcxkgksa ls mBk fn;k ¼;s ft+Unk
gksuk½ rks ogh gS ftldk [kqnk;s jgeku us&
 [36]

okv+nk fd;k Fkk vkSj jlwyksa us lp Q+jek;k Fkk

;s egt+ ,d fpa?kkM+ gksxh rks oks lc ds lc
;dk;d gekjs gqtwj ykdj gkft+j dj fn;s
tk;saxs fQj vkt ds fnu fdlh tku ij dksbZ
tq+Ye u fd;k tk;sxk vkSj u rqEgsa dksbZ cnyk
fn;k tk;sxk flok;s mu dkeksa ds tks rqe fd;k
djrs FksA ¼lw0&;klhu&36/51 rk 54½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

oks rks mu ¼t+kfyeksa½ dks Q+d+r ml fnu rd ds
fy;s eqgyr ns jgk gS ftlesa ¼[k+kSQ+ ds ekjs½
vk¡[ksa QVh jg tk;saxh oks yksx ¼eSnkus g'j dh
rjQ+½ vius lj Åij mBk;s gq;s nkSM+rs tk jgs
gksaxs bl gky esa fd mudh iydsa Hkh u >idrh
gksaxh vkSj muds fny ¼[k+kSQ+ o ng'kr ds flok
gj [+;ky ls½ [kkyh vkSj mM+s gq;s gksaxsA
¼lw0&bczkghe&14/42,43½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ftl fnu yksx fpaxkM+ dh l[+r vkokt+ dks fcy
;d+hu lqusaxs ;gh d+czksa ls fudyus dk fnu gksxk
cs'kd ge gh ft+Unk j[krs gSa vkSj ge gh ekSr
nsrs gSa vkSj gekjh gh rjQ+ iyVdj vkuk gS
ftl fnu t+ehu mu ij ls QV tk;sxh rks oks
tYnh tYnh fudy iM+sxs ;s g'j ¼fQj ls yksxksa
dks tekv+ djuk½ ge ij fugk;r vklku gSSA
¼lw0&d+kQ+&50/42 rk 44½
 [37]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj mu esa ls gj ,d d+;ker ds fnu mlds
gqtwj rUgk vkus okyk gSA ¼lw0&ej;e&19/95½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ftl fnu ge ijgst+xkjksa dks ¼[kqnk,s½ jgeku ds
gqtwj ¼eqv+T+t+t+ esgekuksa dh rjg½ lokfj;ksa ij
ys tk;saxs vkSj ge eqtfjeksa dks tgUuqe dh
rjQ I;klk gk¡d dj ys tk;saxsA
¼lw0&ej;e&19/85,86½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

;s ,sls yksx gSa tks vius psgjksa ds cy nkst+[k+
dh rjQ+ gk¡ds tk;saxs oks fBdkus ds fygkt+ ls
cnrj vkSj jkLrs ds ,srckj ls xqejkg rj gSaA
¼lw0&Qqjd+ku&25/34½

gt+jr vul ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls

fjok;r gS fd gqtwj ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye½ ls v+t+Z fd;k x;k ;k jlwyYykg jkst+s
d+;ker yksx vius psgjkas ds cy dSls pyk;s
tk;saxs rks vki us Q+jek;k fd ftl ijojfnxkj
us bUlku dks nks iSjksa ij pyk;k gS rks D;k oks
mls d+;ker ds fnu eq¡g ds cy pykus ij
d+kfnj ugha gS rks gt+jr d+rknk us dgk gekjs
jc dh bT+t+r dh d+le cs'kd oks bl ij
d+kfnj gSA ¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&4/707-g0&4760½
 [38]

gqtwj ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us

Q+jek;k fd rqe eSnkus g'j esa iSny vkSj lokj
yk;s tkvksxs vkSj ckv+t+ yksx vius eq¡g ds cy
?klhVs tk;saxsA ¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/247-g0&2424½
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&6/94-g0&6523½

eSnkus g'j esa tekv+ gksus dk c;ku

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&
ftl fnu lc yksx reke tgkuksa ds jc ds
gqtwj [kM+s gksaxsA ¼lw0&eqrf¶+Q+Q+hu&83/6½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

cs'kd Q+Slys dk fnu ¼;kuh d+;ker½ dk ,d
eqd+jZjk oD+r gS ftl fnu lwj Qw¡dk tk;sxk rks
rqe lc fxjksg nj fxjksg ¼vYykg ds gqtwj½
pys vkvksxsA ¼lw0&uck&78/18½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

fQj lc yksx vius jc ds ikl tekv+ fd;s
tk;saxsA ¼lw0&vuv+ke&6/38½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

oks rqEgsa t+#j d+;ker ds fnu tekv+ djsxk
ftlesa dksbZ 'kd ugha vkSj ckr esa vYykg ls
T+;knk lPpk dkSu gSA
¼lw0&fulk&4/87½
 [39]

&% jkst+s d+;ker tekv+ fd;s tkus

okys yksxksa dh vd+lke %&

gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us

bj'kkn Q+jek;k fd esjh mEer esa ls dbZ fd+Le
ds fxjksg tekv+ fd;s tk;saxs ftu esa ls ,d oks
gksxk ftudh 'kD+ysa cUnjksa tSlh gksaxh vkSj oks
yksxksa esa fQ+Ruk xj gksaxs tSlk fd jc rv+kyk dk
bj'kkns fxjkeh gS&

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj fQ+Ruk vaxst+h rks d+Ry ls Hkh T+;knk l[+r
¼tqeZ½ gSA ¼lw0&cd+jkg&2/191½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj ¼tks yksx½ t+ehu esa Q+lkn vaxst+h djrs gSa
mUgha yksxksa ds fy;s ykv+ur gS vkSj muds fy;s
cqjk ?kj gSA ¼lw0&jkv+n&13/25½

vkSj nwljk fxjksg oks gksxk tks jksts+

d+;ker f[kathj dh lwjr ij gksaxs vkSj oks lwn
[kksj gksaxs vkSj fQj fcyk rkSck ejs vkSj ,d
fjok;r esa gS fd oks jkst+s d+;ker vaU/ks mBk;s
tk;saxs vkSj vaU/ks gksus ds ckbl oks fxjrs gksaxs
vkSj ;s oks yksx gksaxs tks nqfu;k¡ esa lwn [kksj
gksaxsA
 [40]

tks yksx lwn [kkrs gSa oks ¼jkst+s d+;ker½ [kM+s u

gks ldsaxs exj ml 'k[+l dh rjg ftls 'kSrku
us ¼vklsc½ ls Nwdj can gokl dj fn;k gks ;s
blfy;s fd oks dgrs Fks fd frtkjr ¼[k+jhn
Qjks[+r½ Hkh rks lwn dh ekfuUn gS gkyk¡fd
vYykg rv+kyk us frtkjr dks gyky Q+jek;k
gS vkSj lwn dks gjke fd;k gSA
¼lw0&cd+jkg&2/275½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

,s bZeku okyks vYykg ls Mjks vkSj tks dqN Hkh
lwn esa ls ckd+h jg x;k gS mls NksM+ nks vxj
rqe bZeku j[krs gks fQj vxj rqeus ,slk u
fd;k rks vYykg vkSj mlds jlwy dh rjQ+ ls
,sykus tax ij [k+cjnkj gks tkvks vkSj vxj
rqe ¼lwn ls½ rkSck dj yks rks rqEgkjk vly
ljek;k rqEgkjk gd+ gSA
¼lw0&cd+jkg&2/278-279½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

tks dksbZ Hkh esjh ulhgr ls eq¡g eksM+sxk rks
mldks cM+h rax ft+Unxh feysxh vkSj d+;ker ds
fnu ge mls vU/kk djds mBk;saxsA
¼lw0&rkgk&20/124½
 [41]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

,s bZeku okyks nks xquk vkSj pkj xquk djds lwn
er [kk;k djks vkSj vYykg ls Mjk djks rkfd
rqe Q+ykg ikvks vkSj ml vkx ls Mjks tks
dkfQ+jksa ds fy;s rS;kj dh xbZ gSA
¼lw0&vkys bejku&3/130-131½

vkSj rhljk fxjksg tks viuh d+czksa ls

bl gky ij mBsaxs fd oks yksx cxS+j gkFk vkSj
ik¡o ds gksaxs vkSj ;s oks yksx gksaxs tks vius ge
lk;ksa ¼iM+ksfl;ksa dks½ bZt+k ¼rdyhQ+½ nsrs gSa vkSj
bl gky ij ejs fd rkSck u dh il ;s mudh
lt+k gksxh vkSj mudk fBdkuk tgUuqe gksxkA

tSlk fd bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj ¼HkykbZ vkSj ,glku djks½ ut+nhdh ge
lk;s vkSj vtuch iM+kslh ¼ds lkFk½A
¼lw0&fulk&4/36½

vkSj pkSFkk fxjksg oks gksxk tks viuh

d+czksa ls pkSik;ksa dh lwjr esa mBsxk vkSj ;s oks
yksx gksaxs tks uekt+ esa lqLrh fd;k djrs Fks
vkSj fQj fcyk rkSck ejsA

tSlk fd bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

il [kjkch gS mu uekft+;ksa ds fy;s tks viuh
uekt+ esa lqLrh djrs gSaA ¼lw0&ekÅu&107/6½
 [42]

vkSj ik¡pok¡ fxjksg viuh d+czksa ls bl gky esa

mBsxk fd muds isV igkM+ksa dh ekfuUn gksaxs vkSj
muds isVksa esa lk¡i vkSj fcPNw Hkjs gksaxs vkSj
mudh 'kDysa f[kathjksa dh rjg gksaxh vkSj ;s oks
yksx gksaxs tks t+dkr ugha nsrs Fks vkSj bl gky
ij ejs fd rkSck u dh rks ;s mudh lt+k gksxh
vkSj mudk fBdkuk nkst+[k+ gksxkA

tSlk fd bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj tks yksx lksuk vkSj pk¡nh tekv+ djrs gSa
vkSj mls jkgs [kqnk esa [k+pZ ugha djrs rks mUgsa
nnZukd v+t+kc dh [k+cj lquk nks ftl fnu ml
¼lksus o pk¡nh vkSj eky½ dks nkst+[k+ dh vkx esa
rik;k tk;sxk fQj ml ¼ris gq;s eky½ ls mudh
is'kkfu;k¡ vkSj muds igyw vkSj mudh ihBsa nkx+h
tk;saxh ¼vkSj muls dgk tk;sxk½ fd ;s ogh
¼eky½ gS tks rqeus viuh tkuksa ds fy;s tekv+
fd;k Fkk lks rqe bl eky dk et+k p[kks ftls
rqe tekv+ djrs jgs FksA
¼lw0&rkSck&9/34-35½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ml 'k[+l ds fy;s cM+h [k+jkch o rckgh gS tks
eky tekv+ djrk gS vkSj mls fxu fxu dj
j[krk gS oks ;s xqeku djrk gS fd mldh nkSyr
mls ges'kk ft+Unk j[ksxh gjfxt+ ugha mldks rks
t+#j ,slh txg gqrek ¼pkSjk pkSjk djus okyh&
 [43]

vkx½ esa Qsadk tk;sxk vkSj rqEgsa D;k ekv+ywe

fd gqrek D;k gS ;s vYykg rv+kyk dh HkM+dkbZ
gqbZ vkx gS tks fnyksa ij p<+ tk;sxh cs'kd oks
vkx mu yksxkasa ij gj rjQ+ ls cUn dj nh
tk;sxh tcfd oks ¼HkM+drs 'kksv+yksa ds½ yEcs
pkSM+s lqrwuksa esa f?kjs gq;s gksaxs ¼vkSj mu yksxksa ds
fy;s dksbZ jkgs Q+jkj u gksxh½A
¼lw0&gqekt+kg&104/2 rk 9½

NVok¡ fxjksg jksts d+;ker d+czksa ls

bl gky esa mBk;k tk;sxk fd muds eq¡gksa ls
[kwu cgrk gksxk vkSj mudh varfM+;k¡ ¼vk¡rsa½
oxS+jkg xydj fxj pqdh gksaxh vkSj ;s oks yksx
gksaxs tks [k+jhn Q+jks[+r es >wB cksyrs Fks vkSj
gjke o gyky esa bfEr;kt+ ugha j[krs Fks vkSj
fQj bl gky ij ejs fd rkSck u dh rks mudh
;s lt+k gksxh o mudk fBdkuk ukjs nkst+[k+ gksxk

tSlk fd bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

cs'kd tks yksx vYykg ds v+gn vkSj viuh
d+leksa dk FkksM+h lh d+her ds cnys lkSnk dj
nsrs gSas ;gh oks yksx gSa ftuds fy;s vkf[k+jr esa
dksbZ fgLlk u gksxk vkSj jksts+ d+;ker vYykg
rv+kyk buls d+yke ugha Q+jek;sxk vkSj u gh
budh rjQ+ fuxkg djsxk vkSj u gh bUgsa
ikdht+xh nsxk vkSj buds fy;s nnZukd v+t+kc
gSA ¼lw0&vkys bejku&3/77½
 [44]

vkSj lkrok¡ fxjksg tks d+czksa ls mBk;k tk;sxk

muls eqnkZj ls Hkh cnrj cw vkrh gksxh vkSj ;s
oks yksx gksaxs tks yksxksa ls Nqidj xqukg fd;k
djrs Fks vkSj fQj fcyk rkSck ejs rks mudh ;s
lt+k gksxh vkSj mudk fBdkuk ukjs nkst+[k+ gksxk

tSlk fd bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj tks yksxksa ls Nqidj xqukg djrs gSa vkSj
vYykg ls ugha Nqirs tcfd oks ¼vYykg½ muds
lkFk gksrk gS tc oks jkr dks ,slh ckr ds
eqrkv+fYyd+ Nqidj e'kojk djrs gSa ftls
vYykg rv+kyk ukilan Q+jekrk gS vkSj tks dqN
oks djrs gSa vYykg rv+kyk mls bgkrk fd;s gq;s
gSA ¼lw0&fulk&4/108½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj vYykg ls Mjrs jgks cs'kd oks lhuks dh
¼iks'khnk½ ckrksa dks [kwc tkurk gSA
¼lw0&ek;nk&5/7½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj vYykg ls Mjrs jgks vkSj tku yks fd rqe
lcdks mlh ds ikl tekv+ fd;k tk;sxkA
¼lw0&cd+jkg&2/203½
 [45]

vkSj vkBok¡ fxjksg tks d+czksa ls mBk;k tk;sxk

oks bl gky esa mBsxk fd muds gyd+ dVs gq;s
gksaxs vkSj ;s oks yksx gksaxs tks >wBh xokgh nsrs Fks
vkSj bl gky ij ejs fd rkSck u dh rks mudh
;s lt+k gksxh vkSj mudk fBdkuk ukjs nkst+[k+
gksxkA

tSlk fd bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

cs'kd+ vYykg rv+kyk ml 'k[+l dks fgnk;r
ugha nsrk tks gn ls xqt+jus okyk ljklj >wBk
gksA ¼lw0&eksfeu&40/28½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

lks rqe cqrksa dh iyhnh ls cpk djks vkSj >wBh
ckr ls ijgst+ fd;k djksA ¼lw0&gt&22/30½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

;d+huu vYykg ml 'k[+l dks fgnk;r ugha nsrk
tks >wBk gSA ¼lw0&tqej&39/3½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj tks yksx >wBh xokgh ugha nsrs vkSj tc
fdlh yX+o pht+ ij mudk xqt+j gksrk gS rks
'kjkQ+r ls xqt+j tkrs gSaA
¼lw0&Qqjd+ku&25/72½
 [46]

vkSj ukS ok¡ fxjksg tks bl rjg viuh d+czksa ls

fudkys tk;saxs fd mudh t+ckusa muds eq¡g esa u
gksaxh vkSj muds eq¡g ls ihi fudyrk gksxk vkSj
;s oks yksx gksaxs tks xokgh Nqikrs gksaxs vkSj bl
gky ij ejs fd rkSck u dh rks mudh ;s lt+k
gksxh vkSj mudk fBdkuk ukjs nkst+[k+ gksxkA

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj mlls c<+dj t+kfye dksSu gksxk tks ml
xokgh dks Nqik;s tks mlds ikl vYykg dh
rjQ+ ls gSA ¼lw0&cd+jkg&2/140½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj xokgksa dks tc Hkh ¼xokgh ds fy;s½ cqyk;k
tk;s rks oks bUdkj u djsA ¼lw0&cd+jkg&2/282½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj rqe xokgh dks Nqik;k u djks vkSj tks
'k[+l xokgh dks Nqikrk gS rks ;d+huu mldk
fny xqukgxkj gSA ¼lw0&cd+jkg&2/283½

vkSj nlok¡ fxjksg tks viuh d+czksa ls

mBk;k tk;sxk mudk gky ;s gksxk fd muds lj
uhps >qds gq;s gksaxs vkSj muds ik¡o muds ljksa
ls Åij gksaxs vkSj mudh 'keZxkgksa ls ihi vkSj
t+nZ ikuh dh ugjsa pyrh gksaxh vkSj ;s oks yksx
gksaxs tks nqfu;k¡ esa ft+ukdkjh fd;k djrs Fks fQj
 [47]

fcyk rkSck ds ejs rks mudh ;s lt+k gksxh vkSj

mudk fBdkuk tgUuqe dh vkx gksxhA

tSlk fd bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj rqe ft+uk ds d+jhc Hkh er tkvks cs'kd ;s
¼cgqr cqjk½ cs g;kbZ dk dke gS vkSj cgqr gh
cqjh jkg gSA ¼lw0&cuh bljkbZy&17/32½

vkSj X;kjgok¡ fxjksg tks viuh d+czksa ls bl

gky ij mBk;k tk;sxk fd muds psgjs fl;kg
gksaxs vkSj muds isV vkx ls Hkjs gksaxs vkSj ;s
oks yksx gksaxs tks ;rheksa dk uk gd+ eky [kkrs
gSa fQj ;s fcyk rkSck ds ejs rks ;s mudk cnyk
gksxk vkSj mudk fBdkuk nkst+[k+ gksxkA

tSlk fd bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj tks yksx uk gd+ tqYe ls ;rheksa dk eky
[kkrs gSa oks vius isV esa fujh vkx Hkjrs gsSa
vkSj oks v+ud+jhc ndgrh gqbZ vkx esa Mkys
tk;saxsA ¼lw0&fulk&4/10½

vkSj ckjgok¡ fxjksg viuh d+czksa ls

bl gky esa mBsxk fd oks clZ o tqt+ke ¼dks<+½
esa eqfCryk gksaxs vkSj ;s oks yksx gksaxs tks vius
okfynSu ds ukQ+jeku gksaxs fQj ;s fcyk rkSck ds
ejs rks ;s mudh lt+k gksxh vkSj mudk fBdkuk
vkfr'ks nkst+[k+ gksxkA
 [48]

tSlk fd bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj geus bUlku dks okfynSu ds lkFk usd
lqywd djus dk gqDe Q+jek;k gSA
¼lw0&vgd+kQ+&46/15½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj okfynSu ds lkFk HkykbZ djksA
¼lw0&fulk&4/36½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj ek¡ cki ds lkFk vPNk lqywd djksA
¼lw0&vuv+ke&6/151½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj vkids jc us gqDe Q+jeka fn;k gS fd rqe
vYykg ds flok fdlh dh b+cknr u djks vkSj
vius okfynSu ds lkFk vPNk lqywd fd;k djks
vxj rqEgkjs lkeus nksuksa ;k nksuksa esa ls dksbZ
,d cq<+kis dks igq¡p tk;s rks mUgsa mQ+ Hkh u
dguk vkSj mUgsa u f>M+duk vkSj mu nksuksa dss
lkFk cM+s v+nc ds lkFk ckr fd;k djks vkSj
mu nksuksa ds fy;s uje fnyh ls v+kftt+h o
bfUdlkjh ds cktw >qdk;s j[kks vkSj vYykg ds
gqtwj v+t+Z djrs jgks fd ,s esjs jc bu nksuksa
ij jge Q+jeka tSlk fd bUgksus cpiu esa eq>s
¼jger o 'kQ+d+r ls½ ikyk FkkA
¼lw0&cuh bljkbZy&17/23rk&25½
 [49]

vkSj rsjgok¡ fxjksg tks viuh d+czks ls mBk;k

tk;sxk rks mudk gky ;s gksxk fd oks vk¡[kksa ls
vU/ks gksaxs vkSj muds nk¡r cSyksa dh ekfUun gksaxs
vkSj muds gksaB muds lhuksa ij yVd jgs gksaxs
vkSj ;s oks yksx gksaxs tks nqfu;k¡ esa 'kjkc ihrs
Fks fQj ;s fcyk rkSck ds ejs rks ;s mudh lt+k
gksxh vkSj mudk fBdkuk vkfr'ks nkst+[k+ gksxkA

tSlk fd bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

,s bZeku okyks cs'kd 'kjkc vkSj tqvk vkSj
ulc fd;s x;s cqr vkSSj Q+ky ds rhj ;s lc
ukikd o 'kSrkuh dke gSa lks rqe buls ijgst+
fd;k djks rkfd rqe Q+ykg ik tkvksA
¼lw0&ek;nk&5/90½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkils 'kjkc vkSj tq,s dh fulcr loky djrs
gSa rks vki Q+jeka nsa bu nksuksa esa cM+k xqukg gSA
¼lw0&cd+jkg&2/219½

vkSj pkSngok¡ fxjksg tks viuh d+czksa

ls bl gky esa mBsxk fd muds psgjs pkSngoha
jkr ds pk¡n dh rjg pedrs gksaxs vkSj oks iqy&
fljkr ls bl rjg xqt+j tk;saxs tSls pqa/k;k nsus
okyh fctyh xqt+jrh gS vkSj ;s oks yksx gksaxs
tks nqfu;k¡ esa vYykg o jlwy dh Q+jek cjnkjh
fd;k djrs vkSj usd v+ey djrs Fks vkSj uekt+
 [50]

i<+rs Fks vkSj jkst+k j[krs Fks o vgdkes 'kjhv+r

ij v+ey iSjk Fks vkSj ;s usdh dh nkor nsrs Fks
vkSj cqjkbZ ls euk djrs Fks fQj ;s rkSck djrs
ejs rks ;s mudh tt+k gksxh vkSj mudk fBdkuk
tUur gksxk vkSj vYykg dh jger o cf[+'k'k
vkSj jt+k ds lkFk il vYykg rv+kyk muls
jkt+h vkSj oks vYykg ls jkt+hA

tSlk fd bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

mudh tt+k muds jc ds gqtwj nk;eh fjgk;'k
ds ckx+kr gSa ftudss uhps ugjsa j^ok¡ gSa oks muesa
ges'kk&ges'kk jgsaxs vYykg rv+kyk muls jkt+h
gks x;k gS vkSSj oks yksx ml ¼vYykg½ ls jkt+h
gks x;sA ¼lw0&cf¸;uk&98/8½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

cs'kd ftu yksxksa us dgk gekjk jc vYykg gS
fQj oks ¼ml ij et+cwrh ls½ d+k;e jgs rks mu
ij Q+fj'rs mrjrs gSa ¼vkSj dgrs gSa½ fd rqe
[k+kSQ+ u djks vkSj u x+e djks vkSj rqe tUur
dh [kqf'k;k¡ eukvks ftldk rqels okv+nk fd;k
tkrk FkkA ¼lw0&QqfLlyr/gk ehe lTnk&41/30½
 [51]

&% iqyfljkr dk c;ku %&

iqyfljkr tgUuqe dh iq'r ij gS ftlds uhps

tgUuqe gksxh ftlesa 'kksv+ys ekjrh gqbZ vkx
gksxh tks fd fQlyus vkSj fxjus dh txg gS
vkSj yksx fQly fQly dj mlesa fxj jgs gksaxs
vYykg rckjd o rv+kyk us lkr iqy iSnk fd;s
gSa vkSj gj iqy ij rhu gt+kj lky rd pyus
dk jkLrk gS blesa ,d gt+kj lky rd p<+kbZ gS
vkSj ,d gt+kj lky rd mrjkbZ gS vkSj ,d
gt+kj lky rd geokj jkg gksxh vkSj oks cky
ls T+;knk ckjhd vkSj ryokj ls T+;knk rst+
gksxh vkSj jkr ls T+;knk rkjhd gksxh ml ij
ust+ksa dh uksd ls Hkh T+;knk rst+ yEch yEch
'kk[ksa gksaxh

vYykg rckjd o rv+kyk ds gqDe

ls iqy ij vkus okys yksxksa dks jksddj muls
loky fd;k tk;sxk lcls igys mlds bZeku ds
ckjs esa loky fd;k tk;sxk vxj oks nqfu;k¡ esa
dq¶+j o fj;k ls cpk jgk rks vYykg rv+kyk
mls futkr nsxk ojuk oks nkst+[k+ esa fxj tk;sxk
vkSj mlls nwljk loky uekt+ dk gksxk vkSj
rhljk loky t+dkr dk vkSj pkSFkk loky jksts+
dk vkSj ikpok¡ loky gt dk vkSj NVk loky
okfynSu ls usdh vkSSj flyk jgeh dk gksxk il&
 [52]

vxj oks et+dwjk lokykr esa dke;kc gqvk rks

vYykg rv+kyk mls c[+'k nsxk vkSj oks Q+ykg
ik tk;sxk ojuk oks nkst+[k+ esa fxj tk;sxk il
iqyfljkr ls reke e[k+ywd+ dks xqt+juk gksxkA

il igyk fxjksg tks iqyfljkr ls

xqt+jsxk oks pedrh gqbZ fctyh dh rjg xqt+j
tk;sxk vkSj nwljk fxjksg rst+ vk¡/kh dh rjg
xqt+jsxk vkSj rhljk fxjksg rst+ mM+us okys
ifjUnksa dh rjg vkSj pkSFkk fxjksg rst+ j¶+rkj
?kksM+s dh rjg vkSSj ikapok¡ fxjksg rst+ pyus okys
vkneh dh rjg vkSj NVk fxjksg njfe;kuk
j¶+rkj pyus okys dh rjg vkSj lkrok¡ rst+
pyus okys Å¡Vksa dh rjg vkSj vkBok¡ fxjksg
gkeyk v+kSjr dh j¶+rkj dh ekfUun vkSj uok¡
fxjksg ?kqVuksa ds cy vkSj nlok¡ fxjksg lqjhu ds
cy ?kflVrs gq;s xqt+jsxk ckv+t+ yksx lokfj;ksa
ij xqt+jsaxs vkSj ckv+t+ yksx xqt+jus dh rkd+r
u ik;saxs rks muesa ls ckv+t ,d ekg dh eqn~nr
esa xqt+jsaxs vkSj ckv+t+ ,d lky vkSj ckv+t+ nks
lky vkSj rhu lky dh eqn~nr esa xqt+jsaxs vkSj
,sls gh eqn~nr c<+rs c<+rs ;gk¡ rd gksxh fd
lcls vkf[k+j esa xqt+jus okyk 'k[+l iqyfljkr
ls iPphl lky ds v+jls esa xqt+j ik;sxkA

gt+jr vcw lbZn [kqnjh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk

v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq
 [53]

rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k& iqyfljkr

dks nkst+[k+ ds nksuksa fdukjksa ij j[kk tk;sxk ml
ij rst+ uksdnkj dk¡Vs gksaxs fQj yksx ml ij
xqt+juk 'kq# gksaxs il ckv+t+ yksx fctyh dh
rjg xqt+j tk;saxs vkSj ckv+t+ gok dh rjg
vkSj ckv+t+ iSny pyus okyksa dh rjg xqt+jsaxs
vkSj muesa ls ckv+t+ yksxksa ds dqN vkt+k ¼vax½
dVdj nkst+[k+ esa fxjsaxs vkSj ckv+t+ futkr ik
tk;saxs vkSj ckv+t+ mlh ij vVds jgsaxs vkSj
ckv+t+ yksx vksa/ksa eq¡g tgUuqe esa fxjsaxsA
¼bCus ektk&lquu&3/396-g0&4280½

rktnkjs dk;ukr ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg

olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd lcls igys iqyfljkr
ls xqt+jus dh btkt+r Qqd+jk o eqgkftjhu dks
feysxhA ¼eqfLye&lgh&1/417-g0&716½
¼bCus fgCCkku&lgh&8/556-g0&7422½

mEeqy eksfeuhu gt+jr vk;'kk fln~nhd+k

¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ ls fjok;r gS fd
mUgksus nkst+[k+ dk ft+Ø fd;k vkSj jksus yxh rks
uch vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½
us iwNk fd ,s vk;'kk rq>s fdl pht+ us jqyk;k
gS rks oks dgus yxha fd eq>s nkst+[k+ dh ;kn vk
x;h blfy;s eSa jksus yxh gw¡ rks gt+jr vk;'kk
us v+tZ+ fd;k ;k jlwyYykg D;k vki d+;ker
ds fnu vius ?kj okyksa dks ;kn j[ksaxs rks vki&
 [54]

¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k

fd jksts+ d+;ker rhu ed+kekr ,sls gSa tgk¡ dksbZ
fdlh dks ;kn ugha j[ksxk igyk ed+ke eht+ku
¼rjktw½ ds ikl ;gk¡ rd fd mls ekv+ywe gks
tk;s fd mldh rkSy gYdh gS ;k Hkkjh gS vkSj
nwljk ed+ke ukek , vkv+eky feyus dk oD+r
gS fd tc dgk tk;sxk fd vkvks vius vius
vkv+eky ukek i<+ks ;gk¡ rd fd bUlku tku
ys fd mldk vkv+eky ukek mlds nk¡;s gkFk esa
vkrk gS ;k ck¡;s gkFk esa ;k d+ej ds ihNs ls
vkSj rhljk ed+ke iqyfljkr gS tc mls nkst+[k+
ds Åij j[kk tk;sxkA
¼vcw nkÅn&lquu&6/608-g0&4755½

vkSj cs'kd yksx iqyfljkr ij pysaxs vkSj

vkx muds dneksa ds uhps vkSj ljksa ds Åij
vkSj nk¡;s vkSj ck¡;sa vkSj vkxs vkSj ihNs gksxhA

tSlk fd bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj rqe esa ls dksbZ 'k[+l ,slk ugha fd ftldk
xqt+j nkst+[k+ ds Åij ls u gks ;s okv+nk d+rbZ
rkSj ij vkids jc ds ft+Ees gS tks t+#j iwjk
gksdj jgsxk fQj ge ijgst+xkjksa dks futkr nsaxs
vkSj t+kfyeksa dks mlesa ?kqVuksa ds cy fxjk nsaxsA
¼lw0&ej;e&19/71&72½
 [55]

vkSj vkx mudh varfM+;k¡ vkSj [kkysa tyk nsxh

vkSj muds ftLeksa o [kkyksa vkSj xks'rksa esa ;s
vlj iSnk djsxh fd oks dks;ys ds ekfUun gks
tk;saxs fQj mUgsa oSlk gh cuk fn;k tk;sxk vkSj
mu ij blh rjg ls v+t+kc gksrk jgsxk fd u;s
vtlke curs jgsaxs vkSj mu ij eqlyly
l[+r v+t+kc gksrk jgsxkA

iqyfljkr ls dqN yksx vYykg dh

jger vkSj mlds Q+T+y ds lcc ck vklkuh
vkSj fcyk e'kD+d+rks rdyhQ+ ds xqt+j tk;saxs
iqyfljkr mcwj djus ds fy;s ,d fxjksg vk;sxk
rks oks iqyfljkr ij Bgj tk;saxs vkSj dgsaxs fd
ge rks vkx ls cgqr Mjrs gSa il bl iqyfljkr
ls dSls xqt+jsa fQj ftcjbZy ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ mu
yksxksa ls dgsaxs fd nqfu;k¡ esa rqe nfj;kvksa ls
dSls xqt+jrs Fks rks oks dgsaxs fd ge nqfu;k¡ esa
df'r;ksa ij lokj gksdj nfj;kvksa dks mcwj
djrs Fks il eykbdk mu elkftn dks df'r;ksa
dh lwjr esa yk;saxs ftuesa oks uekt+ i<+k djrs
Fks rks oks mu df'r;ksa esa lokj gksdj iqyfljkr
ls xqt+j tk;saxs vkSj eqv+fT+t+u mu df'r;ksa dh
yxkesa Fkkesa gksaxs vkSj elkftn ds vkbEek mu
df'r;ksa dks pyk;saxs mUgsa ns[kdj yksx dgsaxs fd
;s dksbZ eykbdk eqd+jZchu gSa ;k vfEc;k fdjke
gSa rks ,d funk nsus okyk dgsxk ;s oks yksx gSa
tks uekt+s iatxkuk ck tekv+r d+k;e j[krs FksA
 [56]

vkv+eky ukes fn;s tkus dk c;ku

¼Q+fj'rksa dk cUnksa ds vkv+eky fy[kuk½

gj bUlku ds vPNs o cqjs vkv+eky fy[kus ds

fy;s fdjker dkfrchu Q+fj'rs mlds nk;sa vkSj
ck;sa dk¡/ks ij gksrs gSa vkSj ,d fjok;r esa gS
fd gj bUlku ds lkFk ik¡p Q+fj'rs gksrs gSa nks
Q+fj'rs fnu dks vkSj nks Q+fj'rs jkr dks vkSj
,d Q+fj'rk reke oD+rksa esa ls fdlh Hkh oD+r
mlls tqnk ugha gksrk tc cUnk cSB tk;s rks
,d muesa ls ,d mldh nk¡;h tkfuc cSBrk gS
vkSj nwljk mlds ck¡;h tkfuc cSBrk gS vkSj
tc cUnk pyrk gS rks muesa ls ,d mlds
vkxs pyrk gS vkSj nwljk mlds ihNs pyrk gS
vkSj tc cUnk lksrk gS rks mu nksuksa esa ls ,d
Q+fj'rk ml cUns ds lj ds ikl gksrk gS vkSj
nwljk Q+fj'rk mlds d+neksa ds ikl gksrk gSSA

tSlk fd bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS&

gj bUlku ds fy;s ;ds ckn nhxj vkus okys
¼Q+fj'rs½ gSa tks mlds vkxs vkSj mlds ihNs
vYykg ds gqDe ls mldh fuxsgckuh djrs gSaA
¼bl vk;rs djhek ls eqjkn jkr vkSj fnu ds
Q+fj'rs gSa½ ¼lw0&jkv+n&13/11½
 [57]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

tc nks ysus okys ¼Q+fj'rs ml ds gj d+kSy o
Q+sv+y dks rgjhj esa½ ys ysrs gSa tks nk¡;h rjQ+
vkSj ck¡;h rjQ+ cSBs gq;s gaS oks eq¡g ls dksbZ ckr
ugha dgus ikrk exj mlds ikl ,d fuxsgcku
¼fy[kus ds fy;s½ rS;kj jgrk gSA
¼lw0&d+kQ+&50/17,18½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

gkyk¡fd rqe ij fuxsgcku Q+fj'rs eqd+jZj gSa tks
cgqr eqv+T+t+t+ gSa ¼rqEgkjs vkv+eky ukes½ fy[kus
okys gSa oks mu ¼reke dkekas½ dks tkurs gSa tks
rqe djrs gksA ¼lw0&bfUQ+rkj&82/10 rk 12½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj gekjs Hksts gq;s Q+fj'rs muds ikl fy[k jgs
gksrs gSA ¼tq[k+jqQ+&43/80½

vkv+eky ukes xys esa yVdk fn;s tkrs

iwjs lky ds vkv+eky ukes 'kcs cjkr dh jkr
eas vYykg rckjd o rv+kyk ds gqtwj is'k gksrs
gSa vkSj gj vkv+eky ukes dks [k+r esa lj eqgj
dj fn;k tkrk gS rks reke [kqrwr ckv+t+ ls
ckv+t+ feykdj tekv+ dj fn;s tkrs gSa fQj
tc mldh #g fudyrh gS rks mldk vkv+eky
ukek yisV dj eqgj dj fn;k tkrk gS vkSj&
 [58]

mldh xnZu ls yVdk fn;k tkrk gS vkSj mlds

lkFk gh mls mldh d+cz esa j[k fn;k tkrk gSA

tSlk fd bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj gj ,d dk vkv+eky ukek geus mldh
xnZu esa iSoLr dj fn;k gS ;kuh mlds
vkv+eky ukes dks mlds xys dk d+ykck cuk
fn;k gS vkSj ge mlds fy;s d+;ker ds fnu ;s
vkv+eky ukek fudkyasxs ftls oks vius lkeus
[kqyk gqvk ik;sxk ¼vkSj mlls dgk tk;sxk½ fd
viuh fdrkcs ¼vkv+eky½ i<+ ys vkt rw viuk
fglkc tk¡pus ds fy;s [kqn gh dkQ+h gSA
¼lw0&cuh bljkbZy&17/13,14½

&% nk;sa gkFk esa vkv+eky ukes

fn;s tkus dk c;ku %&
vYykg rckjd o rv+kyk ftlls vklku
fglkc ysxk rks ml ij oks xt+cukd u gksxk
vkSj vYykg mldh cqjkbZ;k¡ mlds vkv+eky
ukes ls nwj dj nsxk vkSj mldh usfd;k¡ mlds
vkv+eky ukes ij t+kfgj Q+jeka nsxk vkSj mlds
lj ij ,d rkt j[kk tk;sxk vkSj mls tUurh
fyckl v+rk fd;k tk;sxk ftls oks t+Scs ru
djsxk vkSj mldks rhu tksM+s da?ku v+rk fd;s
tk;saxs ftlesa ,d tksM+k lksus dk gksxk vkSj ,d
pk¡nh dk vkSj ,d eksfr;ksa ls tM+k gqvk gksxk&
 [59]

fQj oks vius eksfeuhu Hkkb;ksa ds ikl vk;sxk

rks oks yksx mlds teky o deky ds ckbl mls
igpku u ldsaxs vkSj mldk vkv+eky ukek
mlds nk¡;s gkFk esa gksxk vkSSj ml vkv+eky
ukes esa flQ+Z usfd;k¡ gh usfd;k¡ gksaxh fQj oks
yksxksa ls dgsxk D;k rqe yksx eq>s igpkurs gks
eSa Qqyka fcu Qqyka gw¡ rgd+hd+ vYykg rckjd
o rv+kyk us bdjke c[+'kk vkSj eq>s vkx ls
cjh fd;k vkSSj tUur esa eq>s ges'kxh nhA

tSlk fd bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

tc ¼lc½ vklekuh dqjsZ QV tk;saxs vkSj vius
jc dk gqDe ¼bfU'kd+kd+½ ctk yk;saxs vkSj ¼;gh
rkv+ehys vEj½ mlds yk;d+ gS vkSj tc t+ehu
¼jst+k&jst+k djds½ QSyk nh tk;sxh vkSj tks dqN
mlds vUnj gS oks mls ckgj fudky Qsadsxh
vkSj [kkyh gks tk;sxh vkSj ¼oks Hkh½ vius jc
dk gqDes ¼bfU'kd+kd+½ ctk yk;sxh vkSj ¼;gh
brkv+r½ mlds yk;d+ gS ,s bUlku rw vius jc
rd igq¡pus esa l[+r e'kD+d+r cnkZ'r djrk gS
fcy vkf[k+j rq>s mlh ls tk feyuk gS il
ftl 'k[+l dk ukek , vkv+eky mlds nk¡fgus
gkFk esa fn;k tk;sxk rks v+ud+jhc mlls vklku
lk fglkc fy;k tk;sxk vkSj oks vius vgys
[k+kuk dh rjQ+ el#j ¼[kq'k½ o 'kknk¡ iyVsxkA
¼lw0&bfU'kd+kd+&84/1 rk 9½
 [60]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ftl fnu oks rqEgsa tekv+ gksus ds fnu ¼;kuh
eSnkus g'j esa½ bdV~Bk djsxk ;s gkj o thr
vkSj uqdlku mBkus dk fnu gS vkSj tks 'k[+l
vYykg ij bZeku ykrk gS o usd v+ey djrk
gS rks vYykg ml ¼ds vkv+eky ukes½ ls mldh
[k+rk;sa feVk nsxk vkSj mls tUurksa esa nkf[k+y
Q+jek;sxk ftuds uhps ls ugjsa cg jgh gSa oks
muesa ges'kk jgsaxs ;s cgqr cM+h dke;kch gSA
¼lw0&rx+kcqu&64/9-10½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

oks fnu ¼;kn djsa½ tc ge yksxksa ds gj rcds
dks muds is'kok ds lkFk cqyk;saxs lks ftls mldk
vkv+eky ukek mlds nk¡fgus gkFk esa fn;k tk;sxk
rks oks viuk vkv+eky ukek ¼eljZrks 'kknekuh
ls½ i<+saxs vkSj mu ij /kkxs cjkcj Hkh tq+Ye u
gksxkA
¼lw0&cuh bljkbZy&17/71½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

lks tks 'k[+l bZeku ys vk;k vkSj ¼v+eyu½
nqjLr gks x;k rks mu ij u dksbZ [k+kSQ+ gksxk
vkSj u gh oks x+exhu gksaxsA
¼lw0&vuv+ke&6/48½
 [61]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ml fnu rqe ¼fglkc ds fy;s½ is'k fd;s tkvksxs
¼vkSj½ rqEgkjh dksbZ iks'khnk ckr Nqih u jgsxh
lks oks 'k[+l ftldk vkv+eky ukek nk¡;s gkFk
esa fn;k tk;sxk rks oks ¼[kq'kh ls½ dgsxk vkvks
esjk vkv+eky ukek i<+ yks eSa rks ;d+hu j[krk
Fkk fd eSa vius fglkc dks ¼vklku½ ikus okyk
gw¡ lks oks ilanhnk ft+Unxh clj djsxk cqyUn o
ckyk tUur esa ftlds [k+ks'ks ¼Qyksa dh dljr
ds ckbl½ >qds gq;s gksaxs ¼muls dgk tk;sxk½
[kwc yqRQ+ vankst+h ds lkFk [kkvks vkSj fi;ks mu
¼vkv+eky½ ds cnys esa tks rqe xqft+'rk ¼ft+Unxh
ds½ v¸;ke esa vkxs Hkst pqds FksA
¼lw0&gkD+d+kg&69/18 rk 24½

&% d+;ker esa rhu ckj is'k gksuk %&

gt+jr vcw ewlk v'kv+jh ¼jft+vYykgq
rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd ljojs dk;ukr
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
fd yksx d+;ker ds fnu rhu ckj is'k fd;s
tk;saxs nks isf'k;ksa esa rdjkj vkSj mT+jkr gksaxs
¼;kuh xq¶+rxw o ekv+ft+jr½ vkSj vkf[k+j rhljh
is'kh esa fdrkcsa ¼vkv+eky ukes½ mM+dj gkFkksa esa
vk tk;saxs fdlh ds nkfgus gkFk esa vkSj fdlh ds
ck¡;s gkFk esaA ¼bCus ektk&lquu&3/396-g0&4277½
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/248-g0&2425½
 [62]

ck;sa gkFk o ihB ds ihNs ls vkv+eky

ukek fn;s tkus dk c;ku
ftldks vkv+eky ukek ck¡;s gkFk esa fn;k tk;sxk
rks mlds fy;s gykdr o l[+r v+t+kc gS vkSj
dkfQ+jksa ds lj ij vkx dh Vksih j[kh tk;sxh
vkSj mUgsa vkx ls fi?kys gq;s rk¡cs dk fyckl
iguk;k tk;sxk vkSj muds gkFk mudh xnZuksa ls
tdM+s gksaxs vkSj muds psgjs fl;kg gksxsa il tc
dkfQ+j viuh dq¶+Q+kj d+kSe ds ikl vk;sxk rks
oks mls ns[kdj Mj tk;saxs vkSj nwj Hkkxsaxs vkSj
mldks igpku u ldsaxs gRrk fd oks dgsxk eSa
Qqyka fcu Qqyka gw¡ fQj eyk;dk mls ?klhVrs gq;s
nkst+[k+ dh rjQ+ ys tk;saxs ;s gky dq¶+Qk+jksa dk
gksxk o dq¶+Q+kj viuk vkv+eky ukek ck¡;s gkFk
ls Hkh u ys ldsaxs cfYd ihB ds ihNs ls ysaxsA

tSlk fd bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ftldk ukek , vkv+eky mldh ihB ds ihNs ls
fn;k tk;sxk rks v+ud+jhc oks ekSr dks iqdkjsxk
vkSj oks nkst+[k+ dh HkM+drh gqbZ vkx esa nkf[k+y
gksxk cs'kd oks ¼nqfu;k¡ esa½ vius vgys [k+kuk esa
[kq'k o [kqjZe jgrk Fkk cs'kd mlus ;s xqeku
dj fy;k Fkk fd oks fglkc ds fy;s ¼vYykg ds
ikl½ gjfxt+ ykSVdj u tk;sxk D;ksa ugha cs'kd
mldk jc mldks [kwc ns[kus okyk gSA
¼lw0&bfU'kd+kd+&84/10rk&15½
 [63]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj tks 'k[+l bl ¼nqfu;k¡½ esa ¼gd+ ls½ vU/kk
jgk lks oks vkf[k+jr esa Hkh vU/kk vkSj jkgs
¼futkr½ ls HkVdk jgsxkA
¼lw0&cuh bljkbZy&17/72½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj ftu yksxksa us dq¶+j fd;k vkSj gekjh
vk;rksa dks >qByk;k lks ogh yksx nkst+[k+h gSa tks
mlesa ges'kk jgus okys gSa vkSj oks D;k gh cqjk
fBdkuk gSA ¼lw0&rx+kcqu&64/10½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj ftl 'k[+l dk ukek , vkv+eky mlds
ck¡;sa gkFk esa fn;k tk;sxk rks oks dgsxk gk; dk'k
eq>s esjk vkv+eky ukek u fn;k x;k gksrk vkSj
eSa u tkurk fd esjk fglkc D;k gS gk; dk'k
oks ¼ekSr½ gh dke reke dj pqdh gksrh ¼vkt½
esjk eky eq>ls ¼v+t+kc dks½ dqN Hkh nwj u dj
ldk eq>ls esjh dqOor o lYrur Hkh tkrh jgh
¼gqDe gksxk½ bls idM+ yks vkSj bls rkSd+ iguk
nks fQj bls nkst+[k+ esa >ksad nks fQj ,d t+athj
esa ftldh yEckbZ lRrj xt+ gS bls tdM+ nks
cs'kd+ ;s cM+h v+t+er okys vYykg ij bZeku
ugha j[krk Fkk vkSj u eqgrkt dks [kkuk f[kykus
ij jx+cr fnykrk Fkk lks vkt ds fnu u mldk
dksbZ xje tks'k nksLr gS vkSj u ihi ds flok&
 [64]

¼mlds fy;s½ dksbZ [kkuk gS ftls xqukgxjksa ds

flok dksbZ u [kk;sxk ¼lw0&gkD+d+kg&69/25 rk 37½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj ftu yksxksa us gekjh vk;rksa dks >qByk;k
mUgsa v+t+kc Nwdj jgsxk bl otg ls fd oks
uk Q+jekuh fd;k djrs FksA ¼lw0&vuv+ke&6/49½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj ¼gj ,d ds lkeus½ vkv+eky ukek j[k
fn;k tk;sxk lks vki eqtfjeksa dks ns[ksaxs ¼oks½
mu ¼xqukgksa vkSj tqeksZ½ ls [k+kSQ+ t+nk gksaxs tks
ml ¼vkv+eky ukes½ esa ntZ gksaxs vkSj dgsaxs
gk; gykdr gS bl vkv+eky ukes dks D;k gqvk
gS blus u dksbZ NksVh ¼ckr½ NksM+h gS vkSj u
dksbZ cM+h ¼ckr½ exj blus ¼gj gj ckr dks½
'kqekj dj fy;k gS tks dqN oks djrs jgs Fks
¼vius lkeus½ gkft+j ik;saxs vkSj vkidk jc
fdlh ij tq+Ye u Q+jek;sxk ¼lw0&dg~Q+&18/49½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj vki ns[ksaxs ¼dq¶+Q+kj o eqfUdjhu dk½ gj
fxjksg ?kqVuksa ds cy fxjk gqvk cSBk gksxk gj
fQ+jd+s dks ml ¼ds vkv+eky½ dh fdrkc dh
rjQ+ cqyk;k tk;sxk vkt rqEgsa mu vkv+eky
dk cnyk fn;k tk;sxk tks rqe fd;k djrs Fks ;s
gekjk ¼fy[kok;k gqvk½ n¶+rj gS tks rqEgkjs ckjs
 [65]

esa lp lp c;ku djsxk cs'kd ge oks lc dqN

fy[kok ¼dj egQ+wt+ dj½ fy;k djrs Fks tks rqe
fd;k djrs Fks rks tks yksx bZeku yk;s vkSj usd
vkv+eky djrs jgs rks mudk jc mUgsa viuh
jger esa nkf[k+y Q+jeka ysxk ;gh rks okt+sg
dke;kch gS vkSj ftu yksxksa us dq¶+j fd;k
¼muls dgk tk;sxk½ D;k esjh vk;rsa rqe ij
i<+ i<+ dj ugha lqukbZ tkrh Fkha il rqeus
rdCcqj fd;k vkSj rqe eqtfje yksx Fks vkSj
tc dgk tkrk Fkk fd vYykg dk okv+nk lPpk
gS vkSj d+;ker ¼ds vkus½ esa dksbZ 'kd ugha gS
rks rqe dgrs Fks fd ge ugha tkurs d+;ker
D;k gS ge mls oge o xqeku ds flok dqN
ugha le>rs gSa vkSj ge ¼bl ij½ ;d+hu djus
okys ugha gSa vkSj muds fy;s oks lc cqjkbZ;k¡
t+kfgj gks tk;saxh tks oks vUtke nsrs Fks vkSj oks
¼v+t+kc½ mUgsa ?ksj ysxk ftldk oks et+kd+ mM+k;k
djrs Fks vkSj ¼muls½ dgk tk;sxk vkt ge
rqEgsa Hkqyk nsrs gSa ftl rjg rqeus vius bl
fnu dh is'kh dks Hkqyk fn;k Fkk vkSj rqEgkjk
fBdkuk nkst+[k+ gS vkSj rqEgkjs fy;s dksbZ ennxkj
u gksxk ;s bl otg ls gS fd rqeus vYykg dh
vk;rksa dks et+kd+ cuk j[kk Fkk vkSj nqU;koh
ft+Unxh us rqEgsa /kksds esa Mky fn;k Fkk lks vkt
u rks oks ml ¼nkst+[k+½ ls fudkys tk;saxs vkSj u
muls rkSck ds t+fj;s ¼vYykg dh½ jt+k tksbZ
dqcwy dh tk;sxhA ¼lw0&tkfl;k&45/ 28 rk 35½
 [66]

&% jksts+ d+;ker nksckjk ft+Unk

djds mBk;k tkuk gd+ gS %&
bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&
vkSj ck¡;h tkfuc okys D;k ¼gh cqjs yksx½ gSa
ck¡;h tkfuc okys tks nkst+[k+ dh l[+r xje gok
vkSj [kkSyrs gq;s ikuh esa vkSj fl;kg /kq¡,s ds
lk;s esa gksaxs tks dHkh u B.Mk gksxk vkSj u gh
Q+jgr c[+'k gksxk cs'kd ¼vgys nkst+[k+½ oks
blls igys ¼nqfu;k¡ esa½ [kq'kgky jg pqds Fks
vkSj oks xqukgs v+t+he ¼;kuh dq¶+j o f'kdZ½ ij
bljkj fd;k djrs Fks vkSj dgk djrs Fks fd
D;k tc ge ejdj feV~Vh gks tk;saxs vkSj
ckslhnk gfM~M;k¡ gks tk;saxs rks D;k ge ¼fQj
ft+Unk djds½ mBk;s tk;saxs vkSj D;k gekjs cki
nknk Hkh ¼ft+Unk fd;s tk;saxs½ vki Q+jeka nsa
cs'kd vxys vkSj fiNys ¼lc ds lc½ ,d
eqv+¸;u fnu ds eqd+jZjkg oD+r ij tekv+ fd;s
tk;saxs fQj cs'kd rqe yksx ,s xqejkgks >qBykus
okyks rqe t+#j dk¡Vsnkj ¼FkksgM+ ds½ nj[+r ls
[kkvksxs vkSj mlls vius isV Hkjksxs fQj ml
ij l[+r [kkSyrk ikuh fi;ksxs vkSj rqe l[+r
I;kls Å¡V ds ihus dh rjg fivksxs ;s d+;ker
ds fnu mudh ft+;kQr ¼esgekuh½ gksxh ge gh
us rqEgsa iSnk fd;k Fkk fQj rqe ¼nksckjk iSnk
fd;s tkus dh½ rlnhd+ D;ksa ugha djrs Hkyk ;s
 [67]

rks crkvks tks uqRQ+k rqe ¼jge essa½ Vidkrs gks

rks D;k mlls bUlku dks rqe iSnk djrs gks ;k
ge iSnk djrs gSa ge gh us rqEgkjs njfe;ku
ekSr dks eqd+jZj Q+jek;k vkSj ge ¼blds ckn
fQj ft+Unk djus ls½ v+kftt+ ugha gSa vkSj bl
ckr ls ¼Hkh v+kftt+ ugha gSa½ fd rqEgkjs tSls
vkSjksa dks cny dj cuk nsa vkSj rqEgsa ,slh lwjr
esa iSnk dj nsa ftls rqe tkurs Hkh u gks cs'kd
rqeus viuh iSnkb'k ¼dh gd+hd+r½ ekv+ywe dj
yh fQj Hkh rqe ulhgr D;ksa ugha ysrsA
¼lw0&okfd+v+k&56/41 rk 62½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj dgrs gSa fd tc ge ¼ej dj ckslhnk½
gfM~M;k¡ vkSj jst+k&jst+k gks tk;saxs rks D;k gesa
u;s fljs ls iSnk djds mBk;k tk;sxk Q+jeak
nhft;s rqe iRFkj gks tkvks ;k yksgk ;k dksbZ
,slh e[k+ywd+ tks rqEgkjs [+;ky esa ¼mldk ft+Unk
gksuk bu pht+ksa ls Hkh eqf'dy½ gks ¼fd mlesa
ft+Unxh ikus dh fcYdqy lykfg;r gh u gks½
fQj oks dgsaxs fd dkSu gesa nksckjk ft+Unk djsxk
Q+jeak nhft;s ftlus rqEgsa igyh ckj iSnk fd;k
Fkk fQj oks ¼rvkTtqc vkSj reL[kqj ds rkSj
ij½ vkids lkeus vius lj fgyk nsaxs vkSj
dgsaxs ;s dc gksxk Q+jeak nhft;s mEehn gS tYn
gh gks tk;sxkA ¼lw0&cuh bljkbZy&17/49rk&51½
 [68]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

cckZnh gS rsjh gk¡ cckZnh gS rsjh fQj lqu ys
cckZnh gS rsjh gk¡ cckZnh gS rsjh D;k bUlku ;s
le>rk gS fd mls ;w¡ gh ¼cx+Sj fglkcks fdrkc½
ds NksM+ fn;k tk;sxk D;k oks ¼viuh bfCrnk esa½
euh dk ,d d+rjk u Fkk tks ¼v+kSjr ds jge
esa½ Vidk fn;k tkrk gS fQj oks ¼jge esa tky
dh rjg tek gqvk½ ,d eqv+Yyd+ oqtwn cu
x;k fQj mlus iSnk Q+jek;k fQj mlus ¼mUgsa½
nqjLr fd;k fQj ;s fd mlus mlh uqRQ+k gh ds
t+fj;s nks fd+Lesa cukbZ enZ vkSj v+kSjr rks D;k
oks bl ckr ij d+kfnj ugha gS fd oks eqnksZa dks
fQj ls ft+Unk djsA
¼lw0&fd+;keg&75/34 rk 40½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ml fnu ge lkjh lekoh dk;ukr dks bl rjg
yisV nsaxs tSls fy[ks gq;s dkxt+ dks yisV fn;k
tkrk gS ftl rjg geus ¼dk;ukr dks½ igyh
ckj iSnk fd;k Fkk ge ¼mlds [k+Re gks tkus ds
ckn½ mlh v+eys r[k+yhd+ dks nksgjk;saxs ;s
okv+nk iwjk djuk geus ykft+e dj fy;k gS
¼vkSj½ ge ;s t+#j djus okys gSaA
¼lw0&vfEc;k&21/104½
 [69]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

¼t+ehu dh½ blh ¼feV~Vh½ ls geus rqEgsa iSnk
fd;k vkSj blh esa ge rqEgsa ykSVk;saxs vkSj blh
ls ge rqEgsa nwljh erZck fQj fudkysaxsA
¼lw0&rkgk&20/54½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

rqe fdl rjg vYykg dk bUdkj djrs gks
gkyk¡fd rqe cstku Fks mlus rqEgsa ft+Unxh c[+'kh
fQj rqEgsa ekSr ls ge fdukj djsxk vkSj fQj
rqEgsa ft+Unk djsxk fQj rqe mlh dh rjQ+
ykSVk;s tkvksxs ¼lw0&cd+jkg&2/28½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

eSa d+le [kkrk gw¡ jkst+s d+;ker dh vkSj eSa
d+le [kkrk gw¡ ¼cqjkbZ;ksa ij½ eyker djus okys
u¶+l dh D;k bUlku ;s [+;ky djrk gS fd ge
mldh gfM~M;ksa dks ¼tks ejus ds ckn jst+k&jst+k
gksdj fc[kj tk;saxh½ gjfxt+ bdV~Bk u djsaxs
D;ksa ugha ge rks bl ckr ij Hkh d+kfnj gSa fd
mldh m¡xfy;ksa ds ,d ,d tksM+ vkSj iksjksa rd
dks nqjLr dj nsa bUlku ;s pkgrk gS fd vius
vkxs ¼dh ft+Unxh esa½ Hkh xqukg djrk jgs oks
iwNrk gS fd d+;ker dk fnu dc gksxk fQj
tc vk¡[ksa pqf/k;k¡ tk;saxh vkSj pk¡n viuh
jkS'kuh [kks nsxk vkSj lwjt vkSj pk¡n bdV~Bs ¼cs
uwj½ gks tk;saxs ml oD+r bUlku iqdkj mBsxk fd
 [70]

¼;gk¡ ls½ Hkkx tkus dk fBdkuk dgk¡ gS gjfxt+

ugha dksbZ tk, iukg ugha gS ¼vkSj½ ml fnu
vkids jc gh ds ikl d+jkj gksxk ¼vkSj½ ml
fnu bUlku mu ¼vkv+eky½ ls [k+cjnkj fd;k
tk;sxk tks mlus vkxs Hksts Fks vkSj tks ihNs
NksM+s Fks cfYd bUlku vius ¼vgokys½ u¶+l ij
¼[kqn gh½ okfd+Q+ gksxk pkgs oks fdrus gh cgkus
cuk;sA ¼lw0&fd+;kekg&75/1 rk 15½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

oks tkunkj dks cstku ls fudkyrk gS vkSj
cstku dks tkunkj ls fudkyrk gS vkSj oks
t+ehu dks mlds eqnkZ gks tkus ds ckn ¼fQj½
ft+Unk o 'kknkc Q+jekrk gS vkSj rqe Hkh blh
rjg ¼d+czksa ls½ fudkys tkvksxsA
¼lw0&#e&30/19½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj bUlku dgrk gS D;k tc eSa ej tkšxk
rks v+ud+jhc ft+Unk djds fudkyk tkšxk D;k
bUlku ;s ckr ;kn ugha djrk fd geus blls
igys Hkh mls iSnk fd;k Fkk tcfd oks dksbZ pht+
gh u Fkk il vkids jc dh d+le ge mudks
vkSj ¼tqeyk½ 'kSrkuksa dks ¼jkst+s d+;ker½ t+#j
tekv+ djsaxs fQj ge mu ¼lc½ dks nkst+[k ds
fxnZ t+#j gkft+j djsaxs bl rjg fd oks ?kqVuksa
ds cy fxjs iM+s gksaxs fQj ge gj fxjksg ls ,sls
 [71]

'k[+l dks t+#j pqudj fudky ysaxs tks muesa ls

¼[kqnk;s½ jgeku ij lcls T+;knk uk Q+jeku o
ljd'k gksxk fQj ge mu yksxksa dks [kwc tkurs
gSa tks nkst+[k+ esa >ksads tkus ds T+;knk lt+kokj gSa
¼lw0&ej;e&19/66 rk 70½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj ;s dgrs jgs fd D;k tc ge ¼ejdj
ckslhnk½ gfM~M;k¡ vkSj jst+k&jst+k gks tk;saxs rks
D;k gesa fQj Hkh u;s fljs ls ft+Unk djds
mBk;k tk;sxk D;k mUgksaus ugha ns[kk ftl
vYykg us vklekuksa vkSj t+ehu dks iSnk
Q+jek;k gS oks bl ckr ij Hkh d+kfnj gS fd oks
mu yksxksa dh feLy nksckjk iSnk Q+jeak ns vkSj
mlus muds fy;s ,d oD+r eqd+jZj Q+jeak fn;k
gS ftlesa dksbZ 'kd ughaA
¼lw0&cuh bljkbZy&17/98-99½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

¼dq¶+Q+kj½ dgrs gSa D;k ge igyh okyh gkyr
ij ykSVk;s tk;saxs D;k ml oD+r tc ge
ckslhnk gfM~M;ksa esa rCnhy gks pqds gksaxs ¼rc Hkh
ft+Unk fd;s tk;saxs½ oks dgrs gSa fd vxj ,slk
gqvk rks ;s cM+s ?kkVs dh okilh gksxh fQj rks ;s
,d gh ckj 'knhn gScr ukd vkokt+ ds lkFk
¼dk;ukr ds reke vtjke dk½ QV tkuk gksxk
 [72]

fQj oks ¼lc yksx½ ;dk;d [kqys eSnkus ¼g'j½

esa vk ekStwn gksaxsA ¼lw0&ukft+v+kr&79/10 rk 14½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

;k blh rjg ml 'k[+l dks ¼ugha ns[kk½ tks ,d
cLrh ij ls xqt+jk tks viuh Nrksa ij fxjh iM+h
Fkh rks mlus dgk fd vYykg bldh ekSr ds
ckn bls dSls ft+Unk Q+jek;sxk lks ¼viuh
dqnjr dk eq'kkgnk djkus ds fy;s½ vYykg
rv+kyk us mls lkS cjl rd eqnkZ j[kk fQj mls
ft+Unk fd;k fQj iwNk rw ;gk¡ ¼ejus ds ckn½
fdruh nsj Bgjk jgk mlus dgk eSa ,d fnu ;k
,d fnu dk dqN fgLlk Bgjk gw¡ Q+jek;k ¼ugha½
cfYd rw lkS cjl rd iM+k jgk gS il vc rw
vius [kkus vkSj ihus ¼dh pht+ksa½ dks ns[k ¼oks½
eqrx+¸;j ¼cklh½ Hkh ugha gqbZa gSa vkSj vc vius
x/ks dh rjQ+ ut+j dj ¼ftldh gfM~M;k¡ Hkh
lyker ugha jgha½ vkSj ;s blfy;s fd ge rq>s
yksxksa ds fy;s ¼viuh dqnjr dh½ fu'kkuh cuk
nsa vkSj vc mu gfM~M;ksa dh rjQ+ ns[k ge
mUgsa dSls gjdr nsrs ¼vkSj mBkrs½ gSa fQj mUgsa
xks'r ¼dk fyckl½ igukrs gSa tc ;s ¼eqv+keyk½
ml ij [kwc vk'kdkj gks x;k rks oks cksy mBk
eSa tku x;k gw¡ fd cs'kd vYykg gj pht+ ij
[kwc d+kfnj gSA ¼lw0&cd+jkg&2/259½
 [73]

%& jksts+ g'j yksxksa ds vgoky %&

eSnkus g'j esa reke e[k+ywd+ bUlku o ftUu]

tkuoj] o ifjUns lc tekv+ gksaxs vkSj lwjt
muds cgqr T+;knk d+jhc gksxk ftldh f'kn~nr
ds lcc yksxksa ds fnekx+ [kkSyrs gksaxs o tqckusa
l[+r I;kl dh otg ls f[kap jgh gksaxh vkSj
yksxksa ds fny [k+kSQ+ ls cSB jgs gksaxs vkSj gj
cky ds uhps ls ilhuk cg jgk gksxk ;gk¡ rd
fd oks ilhuk t+ehu ij tkjh gks tk;sxk vkSj
ckv+t+ dk ilhuk muds ?kqVuksa rd ckv+t+ dk
ilhuk mldh lqjhu rd vkSj ckv+t+ dk ilhuk
mldh dkuksa dh ykS rd vkSj ckv+t+ yksx ml
ilhus esa Mwcus ds d+jhc gksaxs vkSj yksx pkyhl
lky rd VdVdh ck¡/ks [kM+s jgsaxs bl njfe;ku
esa fdlh dk fglkcks fdrkc u gksxk vkSj u
eht+ku d+k;e gksxk vkSj yksx [k+kSQ t+nk ijs'kku
gky [kMs+ gksaxs vkSj eqUrft+j gksaxs fd vYykg
rv+kyk yksxksa dk fglkcks fdrkc 'kq# djs vkSj
oks ipkl gt+kj lky dk ,d fnu gksxk ftlesa
reke e[k+ywd+ dk fglkcks fdrkc gksxkA

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

Q+fj'rs vkSj #gqy vehu ml ¼ds v+'kZ½ dh
rjQ+ p<+saxs ,d ,sls fnu esa ftldh fed+nkj
ipkl gt+kj lky gSA ¼lw0&ev+kfjt&70/4½
 [74]

lwjt d+jhc vkSj t+ehu geokj gksxh

gt+jr vk;'kk fln~nhd+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk
v+Ugk½ Q+jekrha gaS fd eSus iwNk ;k jlwyYykg
ftl fnu t+ehuks vkleku cnys tk;saxs rks ml
fnu yksx dgk¡ gksaxs rks vki ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd iqyfljkr ij
gksaxs vkSj t+ehu dk cnyuk ;s gksxk fd lwjt
d+jhc vk tk;sxk vkSj Vhys] igkM+] x<~<s lkQ+
gksdj lc cjkcj gks tk;saxs vkSj vkleku dk
cnyuk ;s gksxk fd lwjt d+jhc vk tk;sxk o
f'kn~nr dh xjeh gksxh vYykg rv+kyk jge
Q+jek;sA ¼bCus ektk&lquu&3/396-g0&4279½

gt+jr fed+nkn ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls

fjok;r gS uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye½ us Q+jek;k d+;ker ds fnu lwjt cUnksa
ds d+jhc dj fn;k tk;sxk ;gk¡ rd fd ,d ;k
nks ehy dh eqlkQ+r ij gksxk vkSj lwjt mudks
fi?kyk nsxk ;gk¡ rd fd gj dksbZ 'k[+l vius
vkv+eky ds eqrkfcd+ ilhus esa Mwc tk;sxk vkSj
ckv+t+ dk ilhuk V[kuksa rd vkSj ckv+t+ dk
ilhuk ?kqVuksa rd vkSj ckv+t+ yksx rks dej
rd ilhus esa Mwcs gksaxs vkSj ckv+t+ yksxksa dk
ilhuk yxke nsxk ;kuh ckv+t+ dk ilhuk dkuksa
dh ykS rd gksxk ¼eqfLye&lgh&6/396-g0&7206½
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/245-g0&2421½
 [75]

gt+jr bCus m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqek½

ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd ftl fnu yksx
vius ekfyd ds #c# [kM+s gksaxs ml fnu yksx
fuLQ+ dkuksa rd ilhus esa x+d+Z [kM+s gksaxsA
¼bCus ektk&lquu&3/396-g0&4278½
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&6/98-g0&6531½
¼eqfLye&lgh&6/395-g0&7203½

gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd d+;ker ds fnu
yksx ilhus esa ljkcksj gksaxs ;gk¡ rd fd mudk
ilhuk t+ehu esa lRrj gkFk rd QSy tk;sxk
vkSj muds eq¡g rd igq¡p dj dkuksa dks Nwus
yxsxkA ¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&6/99-g0&6532½

jksts+ g'j dksbZ fdlh ds dke u vk;sxk

vkSj ml fnu dksbZ fdlh ds dke u vk;sxk
cki csVs ls vkSj csVk cki ls nwj Hkkxsxk vkSj
ek¡ viuh vkSykn ls vkSj vkSykn viuh ek¡ ls
nwj Hkkxsxh 'kkSgj choh ls vkSj choh 'kkSgj ls
nwj Hkkxsxh ml oD+r gj u¶+l viuh&viuh
fQ+Ø esa gksxk fd fdlh rjg eq>s futkr fey
tk;s vkSj eSa d+;ker o nkst+[k+ ds l[+r rjhu
v+t+kc ls rg¶+Q+qt+ ikÅ¡ vkSj vYykg ds x+t+c&
 [76]

ls cp tkš exj dqN yksx ml fnu jkgrks

elZjr esa gksaxs galrs vkSj [kqf'k;k¡ eukrs gksaxs
muds psgjs uwj ls jks'ku gksaxs ;s oks yksx gksaxs
ftUgksaus nqfu;k¡ dh ft+Unxh ds ctk, vkf[k+jr
dks rjthg nh vkSj viuh reke mez vYykg
o jlwy dh brkv+r esa lQZ+ dhA

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

cs'kd oks ml fnu dks nwj le> jgs gSa vkSj
ge mls d+jhc ns[k jgs gSa ftl fnu vkleku
fi?kys gq;s rk¡cs dh rjg gks tk;sxk vkSj igkM+
¼/kqudh gqbZ½ jaxhu Åu dh rjg gks tk;saxs vkSj
dksbZ nksLr fdlh nksLr dks u iwNsxk gkyk¡fd oks
,d nwljs dks fn[kk;s tk;saxs ¼vkSj½ eqtfje ;s
pkgsxk ¼vkSj vkjtw djsxk½ fd dk'k bl fnu
ds v+t+kc ¼ls fjgk;h½ ds cnys esa vius csVs dks
ns&nssa vkSj viuh chfo;k¡ vkSSj viuk HkkbZ ns&nsa
vkSj viuk ¼reke½ [k+kunku tks mls iukg nsrk
Fkk vkSj ftrus yksx Hkh #;s t+ehu ij gSa lc
yksxksa dks ¼vius v+t+kc ds½ fQ+fn;s esa ns Mkysa
fQj ;s cnyk mls ¼vYykg ds v+t+kc ls½ cpk
ys ,slk gjfxt+ u gksxk cs'kd oks rks HkM+drh
gqbZ vkx gS lj vkSj reke vkt+k , cnu dh
[kky mrkj nsus okyh gS oks mls cqyk jgh gS
ftlus ¼gd+ ls½ eq¡g Qsjk vkSj ¼ftlus½ eky
tekv+ fd;k fQj mls laHkky dj j[kkA
¼lw0&ev+kfjt&70/6 rk 18½
 [77]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

rqEgsa d+;ker ds fnu gjfxt+ rqEgkjh d+jkcrsa
Q+k;nk u nsaxh vkSj u rqEgkjh vkSykn ¼vkSj ml
fnu vYykg rv+kyk½ rqEgkjs njfe;ku eqd+Eey
tqnkbZ dj nsxk vkSj vYykg rv+kyk mu dkeksa
dks [kwc ns[kus okyk gS tks rqe dj jgs gksA
¼lw0&eqErfguk&60/3½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

fQj tc dku QkM+ nsus okyh vkokt+ vk;sxh
ml fnu vkneh vius HkkbZ ls Hkkxsxk vkSj
viuh ek¡ ls vkSj vius cki ls vkSj viuh
choh ls vkSj viuh vkSykn ls ¼nwj Hkkxsxk½ ml
fnu gj 'k[+l dks ,slh ¼ijs'kku dqu½ gkyr
ykgd+ gksxh tks mls ¼,d nwljs ls½ csijokg dj
nsxh ml fnu cgqr ls psgjs ¼,sls Hkh gksaxs tks
uwj ls½ ped jgs gksaxs oks eqLdqjkrs galrs vkSj
[kqf'k;k¡ eukrs gksaxs vkSj cgqr ls psgjs ,sls gksaxs
ftu ij ml fnu xnZ iM+h gksxh ¼et+hn½ mu
¼psgjksa½ ij fl;kgh NkbZ gksxh ;gh yksx dkfQ+j
¼vkSj½ Q+kft+j ¼cnfdjnkj½ gksaxsA
¼lw0&vcl&81/33 rk 42½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

,s yksxks vius jc ls Mjrs jgks cs'kd d+;ker
dk t+yt+yk cM+h l[+r pht+ gS ftl fnu rqe
mls ns[kksxs gj nw/k fiykus okyh ek¡ vius cPps&
 [78]

dks Hkwy tk;sxh ftls oks nw/k fiyk jgh Fkh vkSj
gj gey okyh v+kSjr viuk gey fxjk nsxh
vkSj ¼,s ns[kus okys½ rw yksxksa dks u'ks dh gkyr
esa ns[ksxk gkyk¡fd oks u'ks esa u gksaxs ysfdu
vYykg dk v+t+kc ¼gh bruk½ l[+r gksxk ¼fd
gj 'k[+l gokl ck[+rk gks tk;sxk½A
¼lw0&gt&22/1&2½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

,s yksxksa vius jc ls Mjks vkSj ml fnu ls
Mjks ftl fnu dksbZ cki vius csVs dh rjQ+ ls
cnyk u ns ldsxk vkSj u dksbZ ,slk csVk gksxk
tks vius cki dh rjQ+ ls dqN Hkh cnyk nsus
okyk gks cs'kd vYykg dk okv+nk lPpk gS lks
nqfu;k¡ dh ft+Unxh gjfxt+ rqEgsa /kksds esa u Mky
ns vkSj u gh Q+jsc nsus okyk ¼'kSrku½ rqEgsa
vYykg ds ckjs esa /kksds esa u Mky nsA
¼lw0&yqd+eku&31/33½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ftl fnu u dksbZ eky uQ+v+ nsxk vkSj u
vkSykn exj ogh 'k[+l ¼uQ+v+ eUn gksxk½ tks
vYykg dh ckjxkg eas lykerh okys cs ,S+c fny
ds lkFk gkft+j gqvkA
¼lw0&'kqv+jk&26/88-89½
 [79]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj ml fnu ls Mjks tc dksbZ tku fdlh
nwljh tku dh txg dksbZ Hkh cnyk u ns ldsxh
vkSj u mldh rjQ+ ls ¼vius vki dks NqM+kus
ds fy;s½ dksbZ eqv+kot+k dqcwy fd;k tk;sxk vkSj
u mldks ¼bT+us bykgh ds cxS+j½ dksbZ flQ+kj'kh
Q+k;nk igq¡pk ldsxk vkSj u mUgsa dksbZ enn nh
tk ldsxhA ¼lw0&cd+jkg&2/48, 123½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ftl fnu dksbZ nksLr fdlh nksLr ds dqN dke
u vk;sxk vkSj u gh mudh enn dh tk;sxhA
¼lw0&nq[k+ku&44/41½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

fQj tc lwj Qw¡dk tk;sxk rks muds njfe;ku
ml fnu u fj'rs ckd+h jgsaxs vkSj u oks ,d
nwljs dk gky iw¡N ldsaxs ¼lw0&eksfeuwu&23/101½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vxj gj t+kfye 'k[+l dh fefYd+;r esa oks
¼lkjh nkSyr½ gks tks t+ehu esa gS rks oks ;d+huu
mls ¼viuh tku NqM+kus ds fy;s½ v+t+kc ds
cnys esa ns Mkys vkSj ¼,sls yksx½ tc v+t+kc dks
ns[ksaxs rks viuh unker Nqik;s fQjsaxs vkSj muds
njfe;ku bUlkQ+ ds lkFk Q+Slyk dj fn;k
tk;sxkA ¼lw0&;wuql&10/54½
 [80]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj dksbZ cks> mBkus okyk fdlh nwljs dk cks>
¼xqukg½ u mBk ldsxk vkSj dksbZ cks> esa nck
gqvk ¼nwljs dks½ viuk cks> cVkus ds fy;s
cqyk;sxk rks mlls dqN Hkh cks> mBk;k u tk
ldsxk [+okg oks d+jhch fj'rsnkj gh D;ksa u gksA
¼lw0&Q+kfrj&35/18½

gt+jr vul ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls

fjok;r gS fd uch vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd ftl 'k[+l dks
lcls gYdk v+t+kc gksxk rks ml 'k[+l ls jc
rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk vxj rsjs ikl nqfu;k¡ gksrh
vkSj tks dqN mlesa gS rw mldk ekfyd gksrk
rks D;k rw nqfu;k¡ vkSj tks dqN mlesa gS oks lc
nsdj [kqn dks v+t+kc ls NqM+krk rks oks dgsxk gk¡
¼eqfLye&lgh&6/364-g0&7083½
 [81]

&% jkst+s g'j usd yksxksa ds vgoky %&

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ml fnu cgqr ls psgjs ¼,sls Hkh gkasxs tks uwj
ls½ ped jgs gksaxs ¼oks eqLdqjkrs g¡lrs vkSj
[kqf'k;k¡ eukrs gksaxsA ¼lw0&vcl&80/38 rk 41½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

tks Hkh vYykg ij vkSj ;kSes vkf[k+jr ij
bZeku yk;s vkSj usd v+ey djrs jgs rks mu
ij u dksbZ [k+kSQ+ gksxk vkSj u oks x+exhu gksxsA
¼lw0&ek;nk&5/69½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

tks Hkh esjh fgnk;r dh iSjoh djsxk mu ij u
dksbZ [k+kSQ+ rkjh gksxk vkSj u oks x+exhu gkasxsA
¼lw0&cd+jkg&2/38½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

il tks ijgst+xkj cu x;k vkSj mlus viuh
bLykg dj yh rks mu ij u dksbZ [k+kSQ+ gksxk
vkSj u oks jathnk gkasxsA ¼lw0&vkv+jkQ+&7/35½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

cs'kd ftu yksaxks us dgk fd gekjk jc vYykg
gS fQj mUgkasus bfLrd+ker bf[+r;kj dj yh rks&
 [82]

mu ij u dksbZ [k+kSQ+ gksxk vkSj u oks x+exhu

gkasxs ;gh yksx vgys tUur gSa tks mlesa ges'kk
jgus okys gSa ;s mu vkv+eky dh tt+k gS tks
oks fd;k djrs FksA ¼lw0&vgd+kQ+&46/13,14½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

lkjs nksLr o vgckc ml fnu ,d nwljs ds
nq'eu gkasxs flok;s ijgst+xkjkas ds ¼mUgha dh
nksLrh vkSj foyk;r dke vk;sxh vkSj muls
Q+jek;k tk;sxk½ ,s esjs ¼eqd+jZc½ cUnks vkt ds
fnu rqe ij u dksbZ [k+kSQ+ gS vkSj u gh rqe
x+et+nk gksxs ;s oks yksx gSa tks gekjh vk;rkas
ij bZeku yk;s vkSj ges'kk rkcsv+ Q+jeku jgs
rqe vkSj rqEgkjs lkFk tqM+s jgus okys lkFkh lc
tUur eas nkf[k+y gks tkvks ¼tUur dh usv+erkas
jkgrkas vkSj yT+t+rkas ds lkFk½ rqEgkjh rdjhe dh
tk;sxh mu ij lksus dh iysVkas vkSj fxyklkas dk
nkSj pyk;k tk;sxk vkSj ogk¡ oks lc pht+as
¼ekStwn½ gksaxh ftldh oks [+okfg'k djasxs vkSj
ftuls mudh vk¡[kas jkgr ik;saxh vkSj rqe ogk¡
ges'kk jgksxs vkSj ¼,s ijgst+xkjkas½ ;s oks tUur
gS ftlds rqe ekfyd cuk fn;s x;s gks mu
¼vkv+eky½ ds flys eas tks rqe vatke nsrs Fks
¼vkSj½ rqEgkjs fy;s mleas ck dljr Qy vkSj
esos gSa lks rqe mu eas ls [kkrs jgksxsA
¼lw0&tq[k+jqQ+&43/67 rk 73½
 [83]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj vYykg ,sls yksaxkas dks ftUgksaus ijgst+xkjh
bf[+r;kj dh gS mUgsa mudh dke;kch ds lkFk
futkr nsxk ¼vkSj½ mUgas u dksbZ cqjkbZ igq¡psxh
vkSj u gh oks x+exhu gksaxsA
¼lw0&tq+ej&39/61½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

cs'kd tks yksx ¼vYykg dh jkg eas½ 'kc o
jkst+ vius eky iks'khnk vkSj t+kfgj [k+pZ djrs
gSa rks muds fy;s muds jc ds ikl mudk
vTj gS ¼jksts+ d+;ker½ mu ij u dksbZ [k+kSQ+
gksxk vkSj u oks jathnk gksasxsA
¼lw0&cd+jkg&2/274½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj ftu yksaxkas ds psgjs lQ+sn ¼jkS'ku½ gksaxs rks
oks vYykg dh jger eas gksxs vkSj oks mleas
ges'kk jgasxsA
¼lw0&vkys bejku&3/107½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

cgqr ls psgjs ml fnu 'kxq¶+rk o rjks rkt+k
gksaxs vkSj ¼fcyk fgtkc½ vius jc ¼ds gqLu o
teky½ dks rd jgs gksaxsA
¼lw0&fd+;kekg&75/23½
 [84]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ml fnu cgqr ls psgjs ¼glhu½ o jkSud+ vkSj
rjks rkt+k gksaxs viuh usd dkfo'kkas ds ckbl
[kq'k o [kqjZe gkasxs v+kyh'kku tUur eas ¼d+;ke
it+hj½ gksaxsA
¼lw0&x+kf'k;k&88/8 rk 10½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vYykg rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk ;s ,slk fnu gS
¼ftleas½ lPps yksxkas dks mudk lp Q+k;nk nsxk
muds fy;s tUursa gSa ftuds uhps ugjsa tkjh gSa
oks mueas ges'kk jgsaxs vYykg muls jkt+h gks
x;k vkSj oks ml ¼vYykg½ ls jkt+h gks x;s
;gh ¼jt+k;s bykgh½ lcls cM+h dke;kch gSA
¼lw0&ek;nk&5/119½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj tks yksx bZeku yk;s vkSj usd vkv+eky
djrs jgs oks cfg'r ds peukas eas gkasxs muds
fy;s muds jc ds ikl oks ¼reke usv+eras½ gkasxh
ftudh oks [+okfg'k djasxs ;gh rks cgqr cM+k
Q+T+y gS ;s oks ¼buv+ke½ gS ftldh [kq'k [k+cjh
vYykg ,sls cUnksa dks lqukrk gS tks bZeku yk;s
vkSj usd vkv+eky djrs jgsA
¼lw0&'kwjk&42/22½
 [85]

eSnkus g'j eas cqjs yksaxkas ds vgoky

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj vki d+;ker ds fnu mu yksxkas dks ns[kasxs
ftUgkasus vYykg ij >wB cksyk gS fd muds
psgjs fl;kg gkasxs D;k rd+Ccqj djus okyksa dk
fBdkuk nkst+[k+ eas ugha gSA ¼lw0&tq+ej&39/60½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj cgqr ls psgjs ,sls gkasxs ftu ij ml fnu
xnZ iM+h gksxh ¼et+hn½ mu ¼psgjkas½ ij fl;kgh
Nk;h gksxh ;gh yksx dkfQ+j ¼vkSj½ Q+kftj ¼cn
fdjnkj½ gkasxsA ¼lw0&vcl&80/40 rk 42½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ftl fnu dbZ psgjs lQs+n gkasxs vkSj dbZ psgjs
fl;kg gkasxs rks ftuds psgjs fl;kg gks tk;asxs
¼muls dgk tk;sxk½ fd rqeus bZeku ykus ds
ckn dq¶+j fd;k rks tks dq¶+j rqe djrs jgs Fks
lks vkt mlds v+t+kc ¼dk et+k½ p[k yksA
¼lw0&vkys bejku&3/106½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

eqtfje yksx vius psgjkas dh fl;kgh ls igpku
fy;s tk;asxs il mUgas is'kkuh ds ckykas vkSj iSjksa
ls idM+dj [khapk tk;sxkA ¼lw0&jgeku&55/48½
 [86]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj fdrus gh psgjs ml fnu fcxM+h gqbZ gkyr
esa ¼ek;wl vkSj fl;kg½ gksaxs ;s xqeku djrs gkasxs
fd muds lkFk ,slh l[+rh dh tk;sxh tks mudh
dej rksM+ nsxhA ¼lw0&fd+;kekg&75/24,25½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ml fnu fdrus gh psgjs t+yhy o [+okj gksaxs
¼vYykg dks Hkwydj nqfu;k¡oh½ esgur djus okys
¼pUn jkst+k ,S'k o vkjke ds [k+kfrj l[+r½
e'kD+d+ras mBkus okys ngdrh gqbZ vkx eas tk
fxjsaxs mUgas [kkSyrs gq;s p'es ls ikuh fiyk;k
tk;sxk muds fy;s [k+kjnkj [kq'd t+gjhyh
>kfM+;kas ds flok dksbZ [kkuk u gksxk ¼;s [kkuk½
u mUgas Q+jck djsxk vkSj u gh Hkwd feVk;sxkA
¼lw0&x+kf'k;k&88/2 rk 7½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

;d+huu tc t+ehu ik'k ik'k djds jst+k jst+k
dj nh tk;sxh vkSj vkidk jc tyok Q+jeka
gksxk vkSj Q+fj'rs d+rkj nj d+rkj ¼mlds gqtwj½
gkft+j gkasxs vkSj ml fnu nkst+[k+ is'k dh tk;sxh
ml fnu bUlku dks le> vk tk;sxh exj vc
mls ulhgr dgk¡ ¼Q+k;nkean½ gksxh oks dgsxk ,s
dk'k eSaus viuh ¼bl vly½ ft+Unxh ds fy;s
¼dqN½ vkxs Hkst fn;k gksrk ¼tks vkt esjs dke
vkrk½ lks ml fnu mlds v+t+kc dh rjg dksbZ&
 [87]

v+t+kc u ns ldsxkA ¼lw0&Q+Tj&89/21 rk 26½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vki t+kfyekas dks mu ¼vkv+eky½ ls Mjus okyk
ns[kasxs tks mUgkasus dek j[kas gS vkSj oks ¼v+t+kc½
mu ij okdS+v+ gksdj jgsxkA ¼lw0&'kwjk&42/22½

&% eq[+rfyQ+ vgoky %&

&% eqlyeku dkfQ+jksa ij g¡lsaxs %&
cs'kd eqtfje yksx bZeku okyksa dk ¼nqfu;k¡ esa½
et+kd+ mM+k;k djrs Fks vkSj tc muds ikl ls
xqt+jrs rks vkil esa vk¡[kksa ls b'kkjk ckt+h
djrs Fks vkSj tc vius ?kj okyksa dh rjQ+
ykSVrs rks ¼eksfeuksa dh raxnLrh vkSj viuh
[kq'kgkyh dk eqokt+uk djds½ brjkrs vkSj fny
yxh djrs gq;s iyVrs Fks vkSj tc ;s ¼ex+#j
yksx½ mu ¼det+ksj gky eksfeuksa½ dks ns[krs rks
dgrs ;d+huu ;s yksx jkg ls HkVd x;s gS
gkyk¡fd oks mu ¼ds gky½ ij fuxsgcku cukdj
ugha Hksts x;s Fks il vkt ¼ns[kks½ vgys bZeku
dkfQ+jksa ij g¡l jgs gSa lts gq;s r[+rksa ij cSBs
¼viuh [kq'kgkyh vkSj dkfQ+jksa dh cngkyh dk½
ut+kjk dj jgs gS lks D;k dkfQ+jksa dks ml
¼et+kd+½ dk iwjk cnyk ns fn;k x;k tks oks
fd;k djrs FksA ¼lw0&eqrf¶+Q+Q+hu&83/29 rk 36½
 [88]

&% dkfQ+j vkjt+w djsaxs fd

dk'k ge eqlyeku gksrs %&

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

dq¶+Q+kj ¼vkf[k+jr esa eksfeuksa ij vYykg dh
jger ds eukft+j ns[kdj½ ckj&ckj vkjtw
djsaxs fd dk'k ge eqlyeku gksrsA
¼lw0&fgTj&15/2½

&% vkf[k+jr ds eqd+kcys nqfu;k¡ dh

ft+Unxh ,d lqcg ;k ,d 'kke %&
bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&
ftl fnu lwj Qw¡dk tk;sxk vkSj ml fnu ge
eqtfjeksa dks ;w¡ tekv+ djsaxs fd muds ftLe
vkSj vk¡[ksa ¼f'kn~nrs [k+kSQ+ vkSj vU/ksiu ds
ckbl½ uhyh gksaxh vkil esa pqids pqids ckrsa
djrs gksaxs fd rqe nqfu;k¡ esa eqf'dy ls nl
fnu gh Bgjs gksxs ge [kwc tkurs gSa oks tks
dqN dg jgs gksaxs tcfd muesa ls ,d v+D+y
o v+ey esa csgrjhu 'k[+l dgsxk fd rqe rks
,d fnu ds flok ¼nqfu;k¡ esa½ Bgjs gh ughaA
¼lw0&rkgk&20/102 rk 104½
 [89]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj ftl fnu oks mUgsa tekv+ djsxk ¼rks oks
eglwl djsaxs fd½ xks;k oks fnu dh ,d ?kM+h ds
flok nqfu;k¡ esa Bgjs gh u Fks oks ,d nwljs dks
igpkusaxs cs'kd oks yksx [k+lkjs esa jgs ftUgksaus
vYykg ls eqykd+kr dks >qByk;k Fkk vkSj oks
fgnk;r ;k¶+rk u gq;sA ¼lw0&;wuql&10/45½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

bj'kkn gksxk fd rqe nqfu;k¡ esa fdruh eqn~nr
Bgjs jgs ¼gks½ oks dgsaxs ge ,d fnu ;k fnu
dk dqN fgLlk Bgjs ¼gksaxs½ vki vkv+nkn 'kqekj
djus okyksa ls iwN ysa bj'kkn gksxk rqe ¼ogk¡½
ugha Bgjs exj cgqr gh FkksM+k v+jlk dk'k fd
rqe ¼;s ckr ogha½ tkurs gksrsA
¼lw0&eqfeuwu&23/112 rk 114½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

oks ftl fnu mls ns[k ysaxs rks ¼;s [+;ky djsaxs
fd½ oks ¼nqfu;k¡ esa½ ,d 'kke ;k mldh lqcg ds
flok Bgjs gh u FksA ¼lw0&ukft+v+kr&79/46½

dq¶+Q+kj dgsaxs dk'k eSa feV~Vh gksrk

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&
ml fnu oks yksx ftUgksaus dq¶+j fd;k vkSj jlwy
dh uk Q+jekuh dh vkjtw djsaxs fd dk'k ¼mUgsa
 [90]

feV~Vh esa nckdj½ mu ij t+ehu cjkcj dj nh

tkrh vkSj oks vYykg rv+kyk ls dksbZ Hkh ckr
u Nqik ldsaxsA ¼lw0&fulk&4/42½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

fcyk 'kqck geus rqEgsa v+ud+jhc vkus okys
v+t+kc ls Mjk fn;k gS lks ml fnu gj vkneh
mu ¼vkv+eky½ dks ns[k ysxk tks mlus vkxs
Hksts gSa vkSj ¼gj½ dkfQ+j dgsxk ,s dk'k fd eSa
feV~Vh gksrk ¼rkfd bl v+t+kc ls cp tkrk½A
¼lw0&uck&78/40½

ukQ+jeku yksx lTnk u dj ldsaxs

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&
ftl fnu lkd+ ¼fiUMyh½ [kksy nh tk;sxh ¼;kuh
vgokys d+;ker dh gkSyukd f'kn~nr ls ijnk
mBk;k tk;sxk½ vkSj oks ¼ukQ+jeku½ yksx lTns
ds fy;s cqyk;s tk;saxs rks oks lTnk u dj ldsaxs
mudh vk¡[ksa ¼gScr] ng'kr] o Mj vkSj unker
ds ckbl½ >qdh gqbZ gksaxh ¼vkSj½ mu ij ft+Yyr
Nk jgh gksxh gkyk¡fd oks ¼nqfu;k¡ esa Hkh½ lTns ds
fy;s cqyk;s tkrs Fks tcfd oks ranjqLr Fks ¼exj
fQj Hkh oks lTns ds bUdkjh Fkh½ il ¼,s gchcs
eqdjZe½ vki eq>s vkSj ml 'k[+l dks tks bl
dyke dks >qBykrk gS ¼bfUrd+ke ds fy;s½ NksM+
nsa vc ge mUgsa vkfgLrk&vkfgLrk ¼rckgh dh&
 [91]

rjQ+½ bl rjg ys tk;saxs fd mUgsa ekv+ywe rd

u gksxk vkSj eSa mUgsa eqgyr ns jgk gw¡ cs'kd
esjh rnchj cgqr et+cwr gSA
¼lw0&d+ye&68/42 rk 45½

gt+jr vcw lbZn [kqnjh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk

v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd d+;ker
ds fnu vYykg rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk D;k rqEgsa
vius jc dh dksbZ fu'kkuh ekv+ywe gS ftlds
t+fj, rqe mls igpku ldks rks oks dgsaxs gk¡
^^fiUMyh t+fj;k , f'kuk[+r gS** fQj vYykg
rv+kyk viuh fiUMyh [kksy nsxk rks gj eksfeu
mlds gqtwj lTnk jst+ gks tk;sxk flQ+Z oks yksx
ckd+h jgsaxs tks egt+ fj;kdkjh ds fy;s mls
lTnk fd;k djrs Fks vkSj oks lTnk djuk pkgsaxs
ysfdu lTnk u dj ldsaxs D;ksafd mudh iq'r
r[+rs dh ekfuUn dj nh tk;sxhA
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&6/583-g0&7439½
¼eqfLye&lgh&1/303-g0&454½

&% lkr fd+Le ds yksx vYykg

dh jger ds lk;s esa gksaxs %&
gt+jr vcw lbZn [kqnjh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk
v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd lkr&
 [92]

fd+Le ds yksx ,sls gS ftUgsa d+;ker ds fnu

vYykg rv+kyk lk;k v+rk Q+jek;sxk ftl fnu
mlds lk;s ds flok dksbZ nwljk lk;k u gksxk
¼1½ bUlkQ+ djus okyk gqDejku ¼2½ oks ukStoku
tks b+cknrs [kqnkoUnh esa ijoku p<+k ¼3½ vkSj
oks 'k[+l ftldk fny efLtn esa tkus ds ckn
okilh rd mlh esa yxk jgs ¼4½ oks nks 'k[+l
ftUgksaus vYykg ds fy;s ¼vkil esa eqgCcr j[kh
vkSj vYykg ds fy;s mUgksaus eqykd+kr dh vkSj
vYykg gh ds fy;s tqnk gq;s½ ¼5½ vkSj oks 'k[+l
ftlus rUgkbZ esa vYykg dk ft+Ø fd;k il
¼[k+kSQ+ ls ;k eqgCcr esa½ mldh vk¡[kksa ds vk¡lw
cg fudys ¼6½ vkSj oks 'k[+l ftls fdlh glhuk
tehyk vPNs ulc okyh v+kSjr us ¼ft+uk ;k
cndkjh ds fy;s½ cqyk;k rks mlus dgk fd eq>s
vYykg rv+kyk dk Mj gS ¼7½ vkSj oks 'k[+l
ftlus bl rjg Nqikdj ln~d+k fn;k fd ck¡;s
gkFk dks [k+cj u gqbZ fd nk¡;s gkFk us D;k fn;kA
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/226-g0&239½
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&6/229-g0&6806½
¼eqfLye&lgh&3/58-g0&2380½
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&1/437-g0&660½
¼ulkbZ&lquu&3/572-g0&5386½
 [93]

lTns ds fu'kkukr dks vkx ij [kkuk

gjke o ,d 'k[+l dk v+thc okD+v+k

gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd jkst+s d+;ker
pkSngoha jkr ds pk¡n dh rjg rqe vius ijoj
fnxkj dks ns[kksxs tc reke yksx mBk;s tk;saxs
rks vYykg rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk tks nqfu;k¡ esa
ftldh iwtk fd;k djrk Fkk oks mlds ihNs tk;s
pquk¡pk dksbZ lwjt ds ihNs gks tk;sxk vkSj dksbZ
pk¡n ds ihNs gks ysxk vkSj dksbZ cqrksa ds ihNs gks
tk;sxk vkSj dksbZ 'k;krhu ds ihNs pysxk vkSj
flQ+Z esjh mEer ds eqlyeku ckd+h jg tk;saxs

ftuesa equkfQ+d+ Hkh gksaxs ml oD+r

nkst+[k+ dh iq'r ij ,d iqy j[k fn;k tk;sxk
il lcls igys eSa viuh mEer ds lkFk ml
iqy ij ls xqt+#¡xk ml jkst+ jlwyksa ds vykok
fdlh vkSj dks dyke djus dh fgEer o rkd+r
u gksxh ml jkst+ jlwy dgsaxs bykgh lykerh ns
lykerh ns vkSj tgUuqe esa lkv+nku dh rjg
vk¡dMs gksaxs D;k rqeus lkv+nku ds dk¡Vs ns[ks gSa
lgkck fdjke us v+tZ+ fd;k th gk¡ fQj vki
¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
fd oks lkv+nku ds dk¡Vks dh rjg gksaxs vkSj oks&
 [94]

vk¡dM+s yksxksa dks muds cqjs vkv+eky ds eqrkfcd+

?klhVsaxs ckv+t+ yksx rks viuh cn vkv+ekfy;ksa
dh otg ls gykd gks tk;saxs vkSj dqN t+[+eksa
ls pwj gksdj cp tk;saxs vkSj vYykg rv+kyk
tgUuqe esa ls ftu ij esgjckuh djuk pkgsxk
rks Q+fj'rksa dks gqDe nsxk fd tks yksx vYykg
rv+kyk dh b+cknr fd;k djrs Fks oks fudky
fy;s tk;sa rks Q+fj'rs mUgsa lTnksa ds fu'kkukr ls
igpku dj fudky ysaxs D;ksafd vYykg rv+kyk
us lTnksa ds fu'kkukr dks vkx ij [kkuk gjke
dj fn;k gS mu yksxksa dks tgUuqe ls bl gkyr
esa fudkyk tk;sxk fd fu'kkukrs lqtwn ds b+ykok
mudh gj pht+ dks vkx [kk pqdh gksxh ;s yksx
dks;ys dh rjg tys Hkqus gq;s nkst+[k+ ls fudysaxs
fQj mu ij vkcs g;kr Mkyk tk;sxk rks oks
,sls uqew ¼c<+us o Qyus Qwyus dh d+qOor½ ik;saxs
tSls dqnjrh cht ikuh ds cgko esa mxrk gS

fQj tc vYykg rv+kyk vius cUnksa dk

Q+Slyk djus ls Q+kfjx+ gks tk;sxk rks ,d 'k[+l
tUur vkSj nkst+[k+ ds njfe;ku jg tk;sxk oks
tgUuqe ls fudydj tUur esa nkf[k+y gksus ds
,rckj ls vk[k+jh gksxk mldk eq¡g nkst+[k+ dh
tkfuc gksxk vkSj oks v+tZ+ djsxk ,s esjs jc esjk
eq¡g nkst+[k+ dh rjQ+ ls Qsj ns D;ksafd bldh
cncw us eq>s >qylk fn;k gS o blds 'kksv+yksa us
eq>s tyk fn;k gS rks vYykg rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk&
 [95]

vxj rsjs lkFk vPNk lqywd fd;k tk;s rks fQj

vkbUnk eq>ls dqN vkSj rks ugha ek¡xsxk oks v+tZ+
djsxk gjfxt+ ugha fQj vYykg rv+kyk mldk
eq¡g nkst+[k+ dh rjQ+ ls Qsj nsxk tc oks tUur
dh rjQ+ eq¡g djsxk rks mldh rjks rkt+xh vkSj
cgkj dks ns[kdj ftruh nsj rd vYykg dks
eatwj gksxk oks [k+keks'k jgsxk fQj mlds ckn oks
dgsxk ,s esjs ijoj fnxkj eq>s tUur ds njokt+s
rd igq¡pk ns rks vYykg rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk D;k
rwus bl ij d+kSy vkSj d+jkj u fd;k Fkk fd
tks dqN rw ek¡x pqdk gks mlds b+ykok dqN vkSj
u ekxw¡xk rks oks v+t+Z djsxk ,s esjs ijojfnxkj
rsjh e[k+ywd+ esa lcls c<+dj cnulhc eSa gh u
gks tkš fQj bj'kkn gksxk vxj rq>s ;s Hkh
v+rk dj fn;k tk;s rks blds b+ykok dqN vkSj
loky rks ugha djsxk oks v+tZ+ djsxk rsjh oqt+qxhZ
dh d+le blds b+ykok fQj vkSj dksbZ loky u
d#¡xk fQj vYykg rv+kyk mldks tUur ds
njokts+ ij igq¡pk nsxk

fQj tc oks tUur ds njokts+ ij

igq¡psxk rks ogk¡ 'kknkch o rkt+xh vkSj Qjgr
ns[kdj ftruh nsj vYykg dks eUtwj gksxk oks
[k+keks'k jgsxk fQj ;w¡ dgsxk fd ,s esjs jc eq>s
tUur esa nkf[k+y Q+jeka ns rks vYykg rv+kyk
Q+jek;sxk ,s vkne ds csVs rq> ij vQ+lksl rw
fdruk okv+nk f[k+ykQ+ vkSj vius d+kSy o d+jkj
 [96]

ij d+k;e ugha D;k rwus bl ckr dk v+gn u

fd;k Fkk vc eSa dksbZ nj[+okLr u d#¡xk rks oks
v+tZ+ djsxk ,s esjs jc eq>s viuh e[k+ywd+ esa
lcls T+;knk cn ulhc u dj rc mldh ckrksa
ij vYykg rv+kyk gal nsxk vkSj mls tUur esa
tkus dh btkt+r ns nh tk;sxhA
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&1/511-g0&806½
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&6/114-g0&6573,7437½
¼eqfLye&lgh&1/297-g0&451½

gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k ftl oD+r vYykg
rckjd o rv+kyk viuh e[k+ywd+ ds bUlkQ+ ls
Q+kfjx+ gksxk vkSj ftu yksxksa dks vkx ls ckgj
fudkyuk pkgsxk mudks fudky ysxk ml oD+r
Q+fj'rksa dks vkSj iSx+Ecjksa dks 'kQ+kv+r dk gqDe
nsxk oks yksx mu yksxksa dks mudh fu'kkfu;ksa ls
f'kuk[+r djsaxs fd vkx bUlku ds gj ,d m+T+o
dks [kk ysxh flok, lTnks dh txg dks ;kuh
lkr ed+kekr ftu ij lTnk fd;k tkrk fQj
mu ij p'es g;kr dk ikuh Mkyk tk;sxk vkSj
oks bl rjg ls mx tk;saxs ftl rjhd+s ls nkuk
mxrk gS ;kuh fQj ls muesa tku o rjks rkt+xh
vk tk;sxh vkSj oks yksx ml ikuh dh cjdr ls
rUnjqLr gks tk;saxs vkSj vkx ds fu'kku fcYdqy
[k+Re gks tk;saxsA ¼ulkbZ&lquu&1/442-g0&1143½
 [97]

&% jkst+s d+;ker oqtw ds

fu'kku pedrs gksaxs %&

gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu cqLj ¼jft+vYykgq

rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd ljojs dk;ukr
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
fd jkst+s d+;ker esjh mEer ds eq¡g o gkFk ik¡o
lTnksa dh otg ls pedrs gksaxsA
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&1/371-g0&607½
¼ulkbZ&lquu&1/101-g0&152½

gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k esjh mEer ds yksx
d+;ker ds fnu cqyk;s tk;saxs tcfd oqtw ds
fu'kkukr dh otg ls mudh is'kkfu;k¡ vkSj gkFk
ik¡o pedrs gksaxs vc rqeesa ls tks dksbZ viuh
ftruh ped c<+kuk pkgs rks c<+k,sA
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&1/168-g0&136½

gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k d+;ker ds fnu rqe
lQ+sn is'kkuh vkSj lQ+sn gkFk ik¡o ds lkFk esjs
ikl vkvksxs vkSj rqEgkjh lQs+n is'kkuh o gkFk
ik¡o oqtw dh otg ls gksaxs vkSj ;s esjh mEer&
 [98]

dk fu'kku gksxk vkSj fdlh nwljh mEer esa ;s

fu'kku u gksxkA
¼bCus ektk&lquu&3/397-g0&4282½

eqlyeku ds cnys dkfQ+j nkst+[k+ esa

gt+jr vcw ewlk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½
ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd d+;ker ds fnu
vYykg rckjd o rv+kyk gj eqlyeku dh
rjQ+ ,d ;gwnh ;k uljkuh Hkstsxk vkSj dgsxk
fd ;s tgUuqe ls rsjk fQ+n;k o NqVdkjk gS
;kuh vYykg rv+kyk gj eqlyeku ds cnys ,d
dkfQ+j dks tgUuqe esa MkysxkA
¼eqfLye&lgh&6/320-g0&7011½

&% eqlyekuksa ds xqukg ;gwn o

ulkjk ij Mkys tk;saxs %&
gt+jr vcw ewlk v'kv+jh ¼jft+vYykgq
rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd ljojs dk;ukr
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
fd d+;ker ds fnu eqlyekuksa esa ls ckv+t+ yksx
igkM+ksa ds cjkcj vius xqukg ysdj vk;saxs vkSj
vYykg rv+kyk muds xqukgksa dks c[+'k nsxk vkSj
muds xqukgksa dks ;gwn o ulkjk ij Mky nsxkA
¼eqfLye&lgh&6/321-g0&7014½
 [99]

tks [kkuk f[kyk;x

s k oks tUur ls [kk;x
s k

gt+jr vcw lbZn [kqnjh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk

v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k tks eksfeu
fdlh nwljs eksfeu dks Hkwd dh gkyr esa [kkuk
f[kyk;sxk rks vYykg rv+kyk d+;ker ds fnu
tUur ds Qy o esok f[kyk;sxk vkSj tks eksfeu
fdlh nwljs eksfeu dks I;kl dh gkyr esa ikuh
fiyk;sxk rks vYykg rv+kyk d+;ker ds fnu
'kjkcs rgwj fiyk;sxk vkSj tks eksfeu fdlh
cjguk eksfeu dks diM+k iguk,xk rks vYykg
rv+kyk d+;ker ds fnu mls tUur dk lCt+
fyckl iguk,xkA
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/267-g0&2449½

&% jkst+s d+;ker rhu fd+Le

ds yksxksa ij v+t+kc %&
gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½
ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd rhu 'k[+l ,sls
gSa ftu ij vYykg rv+kyk jkst+s d+;ker ut+js
dje ugha Q+jek;sxk vkSj buds fy;s nnZukd
v+t+kc gksxk ftlds ikl t+k;n ikuh gks vkSj oks
eqlkfQ+j dks u ns vkSj oks 'k[+l tks beke dh&
 [100]

cSr flQ+Z gqlwys nqfu;k¡ ds fy;s djs vkSj rhljk

oks 'k[+l tks viuk lkekus Qjks[+r ysdj uekt+
v+Lj ds ckn cSB tk;s vkSj dgs fd vYykg dh
d+le eq>s bl lkeku ds ,Sot+ bruk bruk
eky fn;k tkrk gS rks [k+jhnus okys us mldh
ckr eku yh vkSj mlls lkeku [k+jhn fy;k
¼>wBh d+le [kkdj lkeku Q+jks[+r djuk xqukgs
v+t+he gS½A
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&2/630-g0&2358½
bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS&
cs'kd tks yksx vYykg ds v+gn vkSj viuh
d+Leksa dk FkksM+h lh d+her ds ,Sot+ lkSnk djrs
gSa ;gh oks yksx gSa ftuds fy;s vkf[k+jr esa dksbZ
fgLlk ugha vkSj u d+;ker ds fnu vYykg
buls dyke Q+jek;sxk vkSj u gh budh rjQ+
fuxkg Q+jek;sxk vkSj u bUgsa ikdht+xh nsxk
vkSj buds fy;s nnZukd v+t+kc gksxkA
¼lw0&vkys bejku&3/77½

ikuh fiykus dk lokc] ,d tUurh

dk ,d nkst+[k+h dh flQ+kfj'k djuk
gt+jr vul ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls
fjok;r gS fd uch vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd d+;ker ds jkst+
yksx ¼vgys tUur½ lQ+ksa esa d+k;e gksaxs fd ,d
 [101]

nkst+[k+h ,d enZ ds ikl ls xqt+jsxk rks dgsxk ,s

Qqyk¡ vkidks ;kn ugha oks fnu tc vkius ikuh
ek¡xk Fkk rks eSaus vkidks ikuh fiyk;k Fkk pquk¡pk
;s tUurh ml nkst+[k+h dh flQ+kfj'k djsxk vkSj
,d vkSj enZ xqt+jsxk rks dgsxk vkidks oks fnu
;kn ugha tc eSaus vkidks rgkjr ds fy;s ikuh
fn;k Fkk pquk¡pk ;s Hkh mldh flQ+kfj'k djsxkA
¼bCus ektk&lquu&3/185-g0&3685½

&% nqfu;k¡ dh gqdwer jkst+s

d+;ker unker gksxh %&
gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½
ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd rqe yksx gqdwer
fey tkus dh reUuk djrs gks gkyk¡fd d+;ker
ds fnu gqdwer dk fey tkuk gljr o unker
gksxhA ¼ulkbZ&lquu&3/574-g0&5391½

&% nqfu;k¡ esa lsj gksdj [kkus okys

jkst+s d+;ker Hkwds jgsaxs %&
gt+jr bCus m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½
ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ ds ikl ,d vkneh us Mdkj
yh rks vki ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½
us Q+jek;k viuh Mdkj dks jksdks D;ksafd nqfu;k¡
 [102]

esa T+;knk lsj gksdj [kkus okys d+;ker ds fnu

lcls T+;knk Hkwds jgsaxsA
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/159-g0&2578,369½

&% rLohj cukus okys ij v+t+kc %&

gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq
rv+kyk v+Ugqek½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
rLohj ¼tkunkj½ cukus okys dks vYykg rv+kyk
jksts+ d+;ker v+t+kc nsrk jgsxk ;gk¡ rd fd oks
mlesa #g Q¡wds vkSj oks dHkh mlesa #g u Mky
ldsxk vxj rLohj cukuk pkgks rks nj[+rksa ;k
mu pht+ksa dh rLohjsa cuk fy;k djks ftuesa #g
ugha gksrhA
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&2/549-g0&2225½

ewjrh cukus okys ls dgk tk;sxk tku

Mky exj oks tku u Mky ldsxk
gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq
rv+kyk v+Ugqek½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
fd tks yksx ewjrh cukrs gSa mudks d+;ker ds
fnu v+t+kc gksxk vkSj muls dgk tk;sxk fd
budks ftyk ¼;kuh blesa #g Mky½ ftudks rqeus
cuk;k FkkA ¼eqfLye&lgh&5/309-g0&5535½
 [103]

gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq

rv+kyk v+Ugqek½ ls fjok;r gS fd jlwys vdje
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
tks 'k[+l nqfu;k¡ esa dksbZ rLohj cuk;s mldks
d+;ker esa v+t+kc fn;k tk;sxk vkSj mls rLohj
esa tku Mkyus dks dgk tk;sxk vkSj oks tku u
Mky ldsxkA
¼eqfLye&lgh&5/310-g0&5541½
¼vcw nkÅn&lquu&6/767-g0&5024½
¼ulkbZ&lquu&3/565-g0&5365½

&% gj /kksds ckt+ dk d+;ker

ds fnu ,d >.Mk gksxk %&
gt+jr vul ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls
fjok;r gS uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd d+;ker ds fnu gj
nx+kckt+ dk ,d >.Mk gksxk ftlls mldh
f'kuk[+r gksxhA ¼eqfLye&lgh&5/15-g0&4536½

gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq

rv+kyk v+Ugqek½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
/kksdk djus okys ds fy;s d+;ker ds jkst+ ,d
>.Mk xk<+k tk;sxk vkSj dgk tk;sxk ;s Qqyk¡
fcu Qqyk¡ dk /kksdk gSA
¼vcw nkÅn&lquu&3/228-g0&2756½
 [104]

ekaxus okys ds psgjs ij xks'r ugha gksxk

gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq

rv+kyk v+Ugqek½ ls fjok;r gS fd jlwys vdje
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
tks 'k[+l eqlyly yksxksa ls loky djrk jgrk
gS oks d+;ker ds fnu bl gky esa vk;sxk fd
mlds psgjs ij xks'r dh ,d cksVh rd u gksxh
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&2/189-g0&1474½
ckgeh eqgCcr ds ckbl uwj ds feEcj
gt+jr eqv+kt+ fcu tcy ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk
v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd vYykg rv+kyk bj'kkn
Q+jekrk gS fd tks yksx esjs fy;s vkSj esjh
cqtqxhZ ds okLrs vkil essa eqgCcr djrs gSa rks
eSaus muds okLrs uwj ds feEcj rS;kj fd;s gSa
ftu ij vfEc;k vkSj 'kqgnk Hkh j'd djsaxsA
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/225-g0&2390½
 [105]

&% d+;ker esa g'j mlh ds

lkFk ftlls eqgCcr gks %&

gt+jr vul ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls

fjok;r gS ,d 'k[+l us v+t+Z fd;k ,s vYykg
ds jlwy d+;ker dc vk;sxh vki ¼lYyYYkkgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k rwus mlds
fy;s D;k rS;kjh dh gS mlus dgk eSaus rks mlds
fy;s dksbZ [k+kl rS;kjh ugha dh gS eSaus T+;knk
jksts+] T+;knk uekt+as vkSj T+;knk ln~d+k o [kS+jkr
rks tekv+ ugha fd;s gSa vycRrk eSa vYykg
vkSj mlds jlwy ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye½ ls eqgCcr djrk gw¡ vki ¼lYyYykgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fQj rqe
jksts+ d+;ker muds lkFk gksxs ftuls rqe eqgCcr
j[krs gks rks geus iwNk fd gekjs lkFk Hkh ;gh
eqv+keyk gksxk rks vki ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k gk¡ vkSj ge ml
fnu cgqr T+;knk [kq'k gksaxsA
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&5/659-g0&6167½
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&6/423-g0&7153½

gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu elÅn ¼jft+vYykgq

rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd ,d 'k[+l uch
vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ dh
f[k+ners vd+nl esa gkft+j gqvk vkSj v+t+Z fd;k
 [106]

;k jlwyYykg vki ml 'k[+l ds eqrkv+fYyd+

D;k Q+jekrs gSa tks yksxksa ls eqgCcr j[krk gS
ysfdu ¼vkv+eky o fdjnkj esa½ mu tSlk ugha
gS rks vki ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½
us Q+jek;k gj 'k[+l mlds lkFk gksxk ftlls
oks eqgCcr j[krk gSA
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&5/660-g0&6169½

gt+jr vul ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls

fjok;r gS fd uch vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k vkneh jksts+ d+;ker
mlh ds lkFk gksxk ftls oks nksLr j[krk gS vkSj
mls vius vkv+eky dk iwjk&iwjk cnyk ;kuh
vTj fn;k tk;sxkA
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/223-g0&2385½

gt+jr vul ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls

fjok;r gS fd ,d 'k[+l us rktnkjs dk;ukr
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ ls v+tZ+
fd;k ;k jlwyYykg d+;ker dc vk;sxh rks
vki ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us
Q+jek;k fd d+;ker ds fy;s rqeus D;k rS;kjh
dh gS mlus dgk fd eSa vYykg vkSj mlds
jlwy ls eqgCcr j[krk gw¡ rks vki ¼lYyYYkkgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd rw mlh
ds lkFk gksxk ftlls rw eqgCcr j[krk gSA
¼eqfLye&lgh&6/237-g0&6710½
 [107]

jkst+s g'j ekynkj o x+jhc dh vkjt+w

dk'k gktr ds eqrkfcd+ fjT+d+ feyrk

gt+jr vul ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls

fjok;r gS uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye½ us Q+jek;k dksbZ ekynkj o eqgrkt
,slk ugha tks jkst+s d+;ker ;s vkjtw+ u djs fd
vYykg rv+kyk mldks nqfu;k¡ esa gktr ds
eqrkfcd+ fjT+d+ nsrk vkSj ekynkj dgsaxs vYykg
rv+kyk nqfu;k¡ esa cgqr ekynkj u djrk vkSj
oks ,slk blfy;s dgsaxs D;ksafd oks vYykg dh
rjQ+ ls feyus okys Qqd+jk ds ejkfrc v+kfy;k
dks ns[ksaxsA ¼bCus ektk&lquu&3/359-g0&4140½

jkst+s d+;ker gj dksbZ ukfne gksxk

gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½
ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd tks Hkh ejrk gS
oks jksts+ d+;ker 'kfeZUnk gksxk lgkck fdjke us
v+tZ+ fd;k ;k jlwyYykg unker D;k gksxh rks
vki us Q+jek;k fd vxj usd gS rks oks ukfne
gksxk fd eSsaus vkSj T+;knk usd v+ey D;kssa u
fd;s vkSj vxj xqukgxkj gS rks bl ckr ij
unker gksxh fd eSa xqukgksa ls D;ksa u cpkA
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/232-g0&2403½
 [108]

&% esjh [kkysa dSafp;ksa ls dkVh tkrha %&

gt+jr tkfcj ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls
fjok;r gS uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye½ us Q+jek;k nqfu;k¡ esa elkbcks vkyke
ls nks pkj gksus okys yksxksa dks tc jkst+s d+;ker
vYykg rv+kyk v+t+he lokc o ejkfrc v+rk
Q+jek;sxk rks nqfu;k¡ esa v+kfQ+;r o ,s'kks vkjke
ls jgus okys yksx muds lokc o ejkfrc dks
ns[kdj reUuk djsaxs fd dk'k nqfu;k¡ esa esjh
[kkysa dSafp;ksa ls dkVh tkrhaA
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/231-g0&2402½
¼bCus vch 'kSck&vyeqlfUuQ+&3/537-g0&13134½
¼cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&4/602-g0&6553½

&% tUur o nkst+[k+ esa x+ksrk %&

gt+jr vul ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls
fjok;r gS uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd d+;ker ds fnu vgys
nkst+[k+ esa ls ,d 'k[+l dks yk;k tk;sxk ftlus
nqfu;k¡ cM+h ,s'k ls xqt+kjh gks vkSj dgk tk;sxk
fd bldks tgUuqe esa ,d x+ksrk nks fQj mldks
tgUuqe esa ,d xksrk nsdj fudkysaxs fQj mlls
iwNsaxs fd ,s Qqyk¡ rwus dHkh nqfu;k¡ esa vkjke o
jkgr ns[kh gS rks oks dgsxk ugha eSa ugha tkurk
vkjke o jkgr D;k gS vkSj ,d vgys tUur
 [109]

esa ls yk;k tk;sxk ftldh nqfu;k¡ cM+h l[+rh o

rdyhQ+ksa ls xqt+jh gksxh vkSj gqDe gksxk bldks
tUur essa ,d x+ksrk nks fQj ogk¡ ls fudkydj
mldks yk;saxs vkSj iwNsaxs fd ,s Qqyk¡ rwus dHkh
l[+rh vkSj rdyhQ+ ns[kh gS rks oks dgsxk fd
eq>s dHkh l[+rh vkSj cyk ugha igq¡phA
¼bCus ektk&lquu&3/412-g0&4321½
¼eqfLye&lgh&6/365-g0&7088½

&% fglkcks fdrkc dk c;ku %&

jkst+s g'j reke e[k+ywd+ tekv+ dh tk;sxh vkSj
reke yksx vius jc ds gqtwj is'k gksaxs vkSj
vius fglkcks fdrkc ds bfUrt+kj eas [kM+s gkasxs
exj jc rv+kyk u rks muls dyke Q+jek;sxk
vkSj u gh muds eqv+keykr eas ut+j djsxk
gRrk fd yksx pkyhl lky rd VdVdh cka/ks
[kM+s jgsasxs vkSj yksx Hkwds I;kls 'knhn rdyhQ+ks
ijs'kkuh ds vkye esa cqjs gky eas gkasxs ml fnu
gj 'k[+l vius fd;s gq;s vkv+eky dks vius
lkeus ik;sxk vkSj ml fnu dksbZ fdlh dks
uQ+k u ns ldsxk vkSj u gh vYykg rv+kyk
ds xt+c o v+t+kc ls dksbZ cpkus okyk gksxk
vkSj dqN yksxkas dks tgUuqe dh rjQ+ ys tk;k
tk;sxk vkSj ckv+t+ dks ?klhVrs gq;s vkSa/kk djds
tgUuqe eas Mky fn;k tk;sxkA
 [110]

vkSj tkfyekas dh ekv+ft+jr Hkh mUgas dksbZ

uQ+k u ns ldsxh vkSj iks'khnk ckras t+kfgj gkasxh
vkSj yksxkas dh tqckuas xw¡xh dj nh tk;sxh vkSj
muds vkt+k ¼ftLekuh vax½ mUkds vkv+ekyks dh
xokgh nsxsa vkSj eht+ku d+k;e fd;k tk;sxk vkSj
nkst+[k+ lkeus yk;h tk;sxh vkSj mlesa vkx
HkM+dkbZ tk;sxhA

tSlk fd bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

;s ogh nkst+[k+ gS ftldk rqels okv+nk fd;k
tkrk jgk gS vkt bl nkst+[k+ eas nkf[k+y gks
tkvks bl otg ls fd rqe dq¶+j djrs jgs Fks
vkt ge muds eq¡gkas ij eqgj yxk nasxs vkSj
muds gkFk gels ckras djsxsa vkSj muds ik¡o
muds vkv+eky dh xokgh nsaxs tks oks fd;k
djrs Fks vxj ge pkgrs rks mudh vk¡[kkas ds
fu'kku rd feVk nsrs fQj oks jkLrs ij nkSM+rs
rks dgk¡ ns[k ldrs Fks vkSj vxj ge pkgrs rks
mudh fjgk;'k xkgkas ij gh mudh lwjras fcxkM+
nsrs fQj u oks vkxs tkus dh dqnjr j[krs vkSj
u gh okil ykSV ldrs ij ge ftls rohy mez
nsrs gSa mls dqOor o rchv+r eas okil ¼cpiu
;k det+ksjh dh rjQ+½ iyVk nsrs gSa fQj D;k
oks vD+y ugha j[krs gSaA
¼lw0&;klhu&36/63 rk 68½
 [111]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj ftl fnu vYykg ds nq'eukas dks nkst+[k+
dh rjQ+ tekv+ djds yk;k tk;sxk fQj mUgas
jksd jksd dj ¼o gkad gkad dj½ pyk;k tk;sxk
;gk¡ rd fd tc oks nkst+[k+ rd igq¡p tk;saxs
rks muds dku vkSj mudh vk¡[ksa vkSj mu ¼ds
ftLekas½ dh [kkyas muds f[k+ykQ+ xokgh nsaxh mu
vkv+eky ij tks oks fd;k djrs Fks fQj oks yksx
viuh [kkykas ls dgsxs fd rqeus gekjs f[k+ykQ+
xokgh D;kas nh rks oks dgasxh geas ml vYykg us
xks;k;h v+rk dh tks gj pht+ dks dqOors xks;k;h
v+rk Q+jekrk gS vkSj mlh us rqEgas igyh ckj
iSnk fd;k Fkk vkSj rqe mlh dh rjQ+ iyVk;s
tkvksxsA
¼lw0&gkehe&lTnk@QqfLlyr&41/19 rk 21½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ftl fnu ¼[kqn½ mudh t+ckuas vkSj muds gkFk
vkSj muds ik¡o mUgha ds f[k+ykQ+ xokgh nasxs tks
dqN oks djrs jgs FksA
¼lw0&uwj&24/24½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj vk¡[k vkSj fny mueas ls gj ,d ls ckt+
iqlZ gksxhA
¼lw0&cuh bZljkbZy&17/36½
 [112]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

rqe rks ¼xqukg djrs oD+r½ ml ¼[k+kSQ+½ ls Hkh
inkZ ugha fd;k djrs Fks fd rqEgkjs dku rqEgkjs
f[k+ykQ+ xokgh nsaxs vkSj u ¼;s fd½ rqEgkjh
vk¡[kas vkSj u ¼;s fd½ rqEgkjh [kkysa ¼gh xokgh
ns nsaxh½ ysfdu rqe xqeku djrs Fks fd vYykg
rqEgkjs cgqr ls dkekas dks tks rqe djrs gks
tkurk gh ugha gS vkSj rqEgkjk ;gh xqeku tks
rqeus vius jc ds ckjs eas d+k;e fd;k rqEgsa
gykd dj x;k lks rqe uqd+lku mBkus okyksa eas
ls gks x;s vc vxj oks lcz djsa rc Hkh mudk
fBdkuk nkst+[k+ gS vkSj vxj oks ¼rkSck ds t+fj;s
vYykg dh½ jt+k gkfly djuk pkgsa rks Hkh oks
jt+k ikus okyksa eas ls u gkasxsA
¼lw0&gkehe&lTnk@QqfLlyr&41/22 rk 24½

gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS fd lgkck fdjke us v+t+Z fd;k
;k jlwyYykg jkst+s d+;ker D;k ge vius jc
dks ns[ksaxs rks vki ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye½ us Q+jek;k D;k rqEgsa nksigj ds oD+r
esa tcfd cnyh u gks rks lwjt ds ns[kus esa
dksbZ eqf'dy gksrh gS rks lgkck us v+t+Z fd;k
fd ugha fQj vki ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye½ us Q+jek;k D;k rqEgas pkSngoha jkr ds
pk¡n ds ns[kus esa dksbZ eqf'dy gksrh gS tcfd
ckny u gks rks lgkck us v+t+Z fd;k fd ugha&
 [113]

fQj vki ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½

us Q+jek;k d+le gS ml t+kr dh ftlds d+Ct+s
dqnjr esa esjh tku gS fd blh rjg rqe yksxksa
dks vius jc ds ns[kus esa dksbZ eqf'dy u gksxh
vkSj rqEgkjs vkSj jc ds njfe;ku fdlh fd+Le
dk dksbZ fgtkc u gksxk flok;s blds ftruk
rqEgas lwjt vkSj pk¡n dks ns[kus eas gksrk gS uht+
Q+jek;k fQj blds ckn vYykg rv+kyk vius
cUnksa ls fglkc djsxk vkSj Q+jek;sxk fd ,s&
Qqyka D;k eSaus rq>s bT+t+r u nh vkSj rq>s
ljnkj ugha cuk;k vkSj rq>s tksM+k ugha cuk;k
vkSj rsjs fy;s ?kksMs+ vkSj Å¡V rsjs rkcSv+ u fd;ss
D;k eSaus rq>s fj;klr vkSj vkjke dh gkyr eas
ugha NksM+k rks oks v+tZ+ djsxk th gk¡ ,s esjs jc

fQj vYykg rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk D;k rw ;s

xqeku djrk Fkk fd rw eq>ls eqykd+kr djsxk oks
v+tZ+ djsxk ugha fQj vYykg rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk
fd eSa rq>s Hkqyk nsrk gw¡ ftl rjg nqfu;k¡ esa
rwus eq>s Hkqyk fn;k Fkk ¼;kuh rsjh [k+cj u yw¡xk
vkSj v+t+kc ls ugha cpkÅ¡xk½ fQj vYykg
rv+kyk nwljs cUns ls fglkc Q+jek;sxk vkSj ogh
xq¶+rxw Q+jek;sxk tks igys okys 'k[+l ls Q+jekbZ
Fkh fQj vYykg rv+kyk rhljs 'k[+l ls fglkc
Q+jek;sxk vkSj mlls Hkh blh rjg dh xq¶+rxw
Q+jek;sxk fQj oks 'k[+l v+tZ+ djsxk ,s esjs jc
eSa rq> ij o rsjh fdrkcksa ij vkSj rsjs jlwyksa&
 [114]

ij bZeku yk;k vkSj eSaus uekt+ i<+h vkSj jkst+s

j[[ks vkSj eSaus ln~d+k [k+Sjkr fd;k oks viuh
usfd;ksa dh rkv+jhQ+ djsxk fQj vYykg rv+kyk
Q+jek;sxk rsjk >wB vHkh rsjs lkeus [kqydj vk
tk;sxk ge rsjs Åij vHkh xokgkas dks [kM+k
djrs gSa oks vius fny esa lkspsxk fd eq> ij
dkSu xokgh nsxk fQj mlds eq¡g ij eqgj yxk
nh tk;sxh vkSj mldh jku o xks'r o gfM~M;kas
dks gqDe gksxk fd cksy rks mldh jku o mldk
xks'r vkSj mldh gfM~M;k¡ mlds vkv+eky dh
xokgh nsaxh ;s blfy;s gksxk rkfd mldk dksbZ
m+T+j ckd+h u jgs vkSj ;s 'k[+l equkfQ+d+ ;kuh
>wBk eqlyeku gksxk vkSj ml 'k[+l ij vYykg
rv+kyk viuh ukjkt+xh dk bt+gkj Q+jek;sxkA
¼eqfLye&lgh&6/476-g0&7438½
¼vcw nkÅn&lquu&6/590-g0&4730½

gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us ;s vk;rs eqckjdk i<+h fd
^^ftl fnu t+ehu viuh reke [k+cjs crk;sxh**
¼lw0&t+yt+yk&99/4½ fQj Q+jek;k D;k rqe
tkurs gks mldh [k+cjsa D;k gSa rks lgkck fdjke
us v+t+Z fd;k fd vYykg o mldk jlwy csgrj
tkurs gSa fQj vki ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd mldh [k+cjsa ;s gSa fd
oks gj bUlku enZ o v+kSjr ds ckjs esa muds&
 [115]

vkv+eky dh xokgh nsxh tks mUgkasus mldh ihB

ij fd;s gksaxs oks dgsxh blus Qqyka Qqyka fnu
Qqyk¡ Qqyk¡ dke fd;s fQj vki ¼lYyYykgq
rv+kyk v+ySg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd t+ehu
dks blh dke dk gqDe fn;k x;k gSA
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/250-g0&2429½

&% eqtfjeksa dk nqfu;k¡ esa nksckjk

vkus dh [+okfg'k djuk %&
jksts+ d+;ker gj NksVh cM+h pht+ dh fulcr
loky gksxk vkSj yksx v+t+kc dh eq[+rfyQ+
lf[+r;ksa vkSj rdyhQ+ o ijs'kkfu;ksa esa eqfCryk
gksaxs vkSj ckv+t+ yksx ml oD+r ;s reUuk djssaxs
fd gekjs vkv+eky vYykg ds gqtwj is'k u gksa
vkSj gekjs xqukg vkSj cqjkbZ;k¡ yksxksa dss lkeus
t+kfgj u gksa rkfd ge t+yhy o ukfne vkSj
jqlok gksus ls cp tk;sa vkSj ckv+t+ yksx ;w¡
dgsaxs ,s esjs jc gesa nqfu;k¡ esa okil Hkst ns
rkfd ge vPNs dke djsaA

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vc ;s ¼dkfQ+j½ ml vkf[k+jh vUtke ds flok
fdl ckr ds eqUrft+j gS ftl fnu oks vkf[k+jh
vUtke lkeus vk tk;sxk rks tks yksx blls
d+Cy mls Hkqyk pqds Fks oks dgsaxs cs'kd gekjs
jc ds jlwy gd+ ¼ckr½ ysdj vk;s Fks lks D;k&
 [116]

¼vkt½ gekjk dksbZ flQ+kj'kh gS tks gekjs fy;s

flQ+kfj'k dj ns ;k ge ¼fQj nqfu;k¡ esa½ ykSVk
fn;s tk;sa rkfd ge ¼bl erZck½ mu ¼vkv+eky½
ls eq[+rfyQ+ v+ey djsa tks ¼igys½ djrs jgs Fks
cs'kd mUgksaus vius vki dks uqdlku igq¡pk;kA
¼lw0&vkv+jkQ+&7/53½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj vxj vki ns[ksa ¼rks mu ij rv+kTtqc djsa½
fd tc eqtfje yksx vius jc ds gqtwj lj
>qdk;s gksaxs ¼vkSj dgsaxs½ ,s gekjs jc geus ns[k
fy;k vkSj geus lqu fy;k il vc gesa ¼nqfu;k¡
esa½ okil ykSVk ns rkfd ge usd v+ey dj ysa
cs'kd ge ;d+hu djus okys gSa vkSj vxj ge
pkgrs rks ge gj u¶+l dks fgnk;r v+rk dj
nsrs ysfdu esjh rjQ+ ls ;s Q+jeku lkfcr gks
pqdk gS fd eSa t+#j lc ¼ljd'k½ bUlkuksa vkSj
ftUuksa ls nkst+[k+ dks Hkj nw¡xk il vc rqe et+k
p[kks fd rqeus vius bl fnu dh is'kh dks Hkqyk
j[kk Fkk cs'kd geus rqedks Hkqyk fn;k gS vkSj
vius mu vkv+eky ds cnys tks rqe djrs jgs
¼vc½ nk;eh v+t+kc p[krs jgksA
¼lw0&lTnk&32/12 rk 14½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vxj vki ¼mUgsas ml oD+r½ ns[ksaxs tc oks vkx
¼ds fdukjs½ ij [kMs+ fd;s tk;saxs rks dgsaxs ,s&
 [117]

dk'k ge ¼nqfu;k¡½ esa½ iyVk fn;s tk;sa rks ¼vc½

ge vius jc dh vk;rksa dks ¼dHkh½ ugha
>qByk;saxs vkSj bZeku okyksa esa ls gks tk;saxs ¼bl
bd+jkj esa dksbZ lPpkbZ ugha½ cfYd mu ij oks
¼lc dqN½ t+kfgj gks x;k gS tks oks igys Nqik;k
djrs Fks vkSj vxj oks ¼nqfu;k¡ esa½ ykSVk ¼Hkh½
fn;s tk;sa rks ¼fQj½ ogh nksgjk,saxs ftlls oks
jksds x;s Fks vkSj cs'kd oks ¼iDds½ >wBs gSa vkSj
oks ¼;gh½ dgrs jgsaxs ¼tSls mUgksaus igys dgk
Fkk½ fd gekjh bl nqU;k¡oh ft+Unxh ds flok
¼vkSj½ dksbZ ¼ft+Unxh½ ugha vkSj ge ¼ejus ds
ckn½ mBk;s ugha tk;saxs vkSj vxj vki ¼mUgsa
ml oD+r½ ns[ksa tc oks vius jc ds gqtwj [kMs+
fd;s tk;saxs ¼fQj½ jc rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk D;k
;s ¼ft+Unxh½ gd+ ugha gS ¼rks½ oks dgsaxs D;ksa ugha
gekjs jc dh d+le ¼;s gd+ gS fQj½ vYykg
rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk il vc rqe v+t+kc dk et+k
p[kks bl otg ls fd rqe dq¶+j fd;k djrs Fks
il ,sls yksx uqd+lku esa jgsaxs ftUgksaus vYykg
dh eqykd+kr dks >qByk fn;k ;gk¡ rd fd tc
muds ikl vpkud d+;ker vk igq¡psxh rks oks
dgsaxs gk; vQ+lksl ge ij tks geus bl
¼d+;ker ij bZeku ykus½ ds ckjs esa ¼rd+lhj½
dh vkSj oks viuh ihBksa ij vius ¼xqukgksa ds½
cks> ykns gq;s gksaxs lqu yks oks cgqr cqjk cks> gS
tks ;s mBk jgs gSaA
¼lw0&vuv+ke&6/27 rk 31½
 [118]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj vki t+kfyeksa dks ns[ksaxs fd tc oks v+t+kcs
¼vkf[k+jr½ ns[k ysaxs rks dgsaxs D;k ¼nqfu;k¡ esa½
iyV tkus dk dksbZ jkLrk gS vkSj vki mUgsa
ns[ksaxs fd oks nkst+[k+ ij ft+Yyr o [k+kSQ+ ds
lkFk lj >qdk;s gq;s is'k fd;s tk;saxs ¼vkSj mls
pksjh pksjh½ Nqih gqbZ fuxkgksa ls ns[krs gksaxs vkSj
bZeku okys dgsaxs cs'kd uqd+lku mBkus okys ogh
yksx gSa ftUgksaus viuh tkuksa dks vkSj vius
vg~y o v+;ky dks d+;ker ds fnu [k+lkjs esa
Mky fn;k ;kn j[kks cs'kd t+kfye yksx nk;eh
v+t+kc esa ¼eqfCryk½ jgsaxsA
¼lw0&'kwjk&42/44-45½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj vxj ;s t+kfye yksx ml oD+r dks ns[k ysa
tc ¼m[k+j^oh½ v+t+kc mudh vk¡[kksa ds lkeus
gksxk ¼rks tku ysaxs½ fd lkjh dqOorksa dk ekfyd
vYykg gS vkSj cs'kd vYykg l[+r v+t+kc nsus
okyk gS ¼vkSj½ tc oks ¼is'kok;kus dq¶+j½ ftudh
iSjoh dh xbZ vius iSjksdkjksa ls cst+kj gksaxs vkSj
¼oks lc vYykg dk½ v+t+kc ns[k ysaxs vkSj lkjs
vlckc muls equd+rkv+ gks tk;saxs vkSj ¼;s
cst+kjh ns[kdj eq'kfjd½ iSjksdkj dgsaxs dk'k gesa
¼nqfu;k¡ esa tkus dk½ ,d ekSd+k fey tk;s rks
ge ¼Hkh½ muls cst+kjh t+kfgj dj nsa tSls bUgksaus
¼vkt½ gels cst+kjh t+kfgj dh gS ;w¡ vYykg&
 [119]

mUgsa muds vius vkv+eky mUgha ij gljr

cukdj fn[kk nsxk vkSj oks ¼fdlh Hkh lwjr½
nkst+[k+ ls fudyus u ik;saxsA
¼lw0&cd+jkg&2/165 rk 167½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj vki yksxksa dks ml fnu ls Mjk;sa tc mu
ij v+t+kc vk igq¡psxk rks oks yksx tks tqYe
djrs jgs gksaxs dgsaxs ,s gekjs jc gesa FkksM+h nsj
ds fy;s eqgyr ns ns fd ge rsjh nkv+or dks
dqcwy dj ysa vkSj jlwyksa dh iSjoh dj ysa ¼rks
muls dgk tk;sxk½ fd D;k rqEgha yksx igys
d+lesa ugha [kkrs jgs fd rqEgsa dHkh t+oky ugha
vk;sxk vkSj rqe ¼viuh ckjh ij½ mUgha yksxksa
ds ¼NksMs+ gq;s½ egYykr esa jgrs Fks ¼ftUgksaus
vius vius nkSj esa½ viuh tkuksa ij tqYe fd;k
Fkk gkyk¡fd rqe ij v+;k¡ gks pqdk Fkk fd geus
muds lkFk D;k eqv+keyk fd;k Fkk vkSj geus
rqEgkjs ¼Q+ge ds½ fy;s felkysa Hkh c;ku dh Fkha
vkSj mUgkasus ¼nkSyr o bfD+rnkj ds u'ks esa cn&
eLr gksdj½ viuh rjQ+ ls cM+h Q+jsc dkfj;k¡
dha tcfd vYykg ds ikl muds gj Q+jsc dk
rksM+ Fkk vxjpk mudh eDdkjkuk rnchjsa ,slh
Fkha fd muls igkM+ Hkh m[kM+ tk;sa lks vYykg
dks gjfxt+ vius jlwyksa ls okv+nk f[k+ykQ+h
djus okyk u le>uk cs'kd vYykg x+kfyc
cnyk ysus okyk gSA ¼lw0&bczkghe&14/44 rk 47½
 [120]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

;k v+t+kc ns[krs oD+r dgus yxs fd vxj ,d
ckj esjk nqfu;k¡ esa ykSVuk gks tk;s rks eSa
usdksdkjksa esa ls gks tkÅ¡xkA ¼lw0&tqej&39/58½

&% jkst+s d+;ker vkv+ekyksa

dh iqjfl'k gksxh %&
jkst+s d+;ker vYykg rv+kyk yksxksa ls
muds vkv+eky ds eqrkv+fYyd+ loky djsxk oks
yksxksa ls iwNsxk fd eSaus rq>s tokuh nh rks rwus
mls dgk¡ [k+pZ fd;k eSaus rq>s eqgyr nh rks rwus
ml eqgyr esa D;k fd;k eSaus rq>s eky fn;k rks
rwus ml eky dks dgk¡&dgk¡ [k+pZ fd;k eSaus rq>s
b+Ye ds t+fj;s bT+t+r c[+'kh rks rwus ml b+Ye
dk D;k fd;k jksts+ d+;ker bUlku viuh txg
ls fgy u ldsxk tc rd fd mlls pkj ckrksa
dh iqjfl'k u gks tk;s ¼1½ m+ez fdl dke esa
xqt+kjh ¼2½ vius b+Ye ij fdruk v+ey fd;k
¼3½ eky dgk¡ ls dek;k vkSj dgk¡ [k+pZ fd;k
¼4½ vkSj vius ftLe dks fdl dke esa yxk;kA

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

lks vkids jc dh d+le mu lc ls t+#j
iqjfl'k djsaxs mu vkv+eky ds eqrkv+fYyd+ tks
oks djrs jgs FksA ¼lw0&fgTj&15/92-93½
 [121]

gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq

rv+kyk v+Ugqek½ ls fjok;r gS fd jlwys vdje
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
fd rqeesa ls gj ,d fuxjku gS vkSj gj ,d
ls ckt+ iqlZ ¼loky] iwNrkN½ gksxh gkfdes oD+r
fuxjku gS mlls Hkh iwNk tk;sxk vkSj enZ vius
vgys [k+kuk dk fuxjku mlls Hkh loky tokc
gksxk vkSj v+kSjr vius [k+kfoUn ds ?kj o eky
dh fuxjku gS mlls Hkh iwNk tk;sxk vkSj xq+yke
vius vkd+k ds eky dk fuxjku gS mlls Hkh
iwNk tk;sxk vyxjt+ rqeesa ls gj ,d fuxjku
gS vkSj rqeesa ls gj ,d ls loky gksxkA
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&5/165-g0&5188½

gt+jr bCus elÅn ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk

v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd bUlku
d+;ker ds fnu ml oD+r rd vius jc ds
ikl [kM+k jgsxk tc rd mlls ik¡p ckrksa ds
ckjs esa loky u gks tk;s ¼1½ mlus viuh
ft+Unxh fdl dke esa xqt+kjh ¼2½ viuh tokuh
dks fdu dkeksa esa lQ+Z fd;k ¼3½ eky fdl
rjg dek;k ¼4½ vius eky dks dgk¡ [k+pZ fd;k
¼5½ vius b+Ye ij D;k v+ey fd;kA
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/243-g0&2416½
 [122]

gt+jr bCus gkfre ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS jlwys vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k d+;ker ml oD+r
rd d+k;e u gksxh gRrk fd rqe esa ls gj ,d
viuk ln~d+k ysdj fQjsxk exj ml ln~d+s dks
dqcwy djus okyk ugha feysxk fQj jksts+ d+;ker
rqe esa ls gj 'k[+l vYykg ds lkeus [kM+k
gksxk tcfd mlds vkSj vYykg ds njfe;ku
dksbZ inkZ gkby u gksxk vkSj u dksbZ rjtqeku
gksxk tks mldh xq¶+rxw dks ud+y djs fcyk 'kqck
fQj vYykg rv+kyk mlls Q+jek;sxk D;k eSaus
rq>s eky u fn;k Fkk oks v+tZ+ djsxk D;ksa ugha
fQj vYykg rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk D;k eSaus rsjs
ikl ,d v+t+he iSx+Ecj ugha Hkstk Fkk oks v+tZ+
djsxk D;ksa ugha fQj oks viuh nk¡;h rjQ+
ns[ksxk rks mls vkx ds flok dksbZ pht+ ut+j u
vk;sxh fQj tc oks ck¡;h rjQ+ ut+j Mkysxk rks
m/kj Hkh flok;s vkx ds dqN Hkh ut+j u
vk;sxk fygkt+k rqe esa ls gj 'k[+l dks ml
vkx ls cpuk pkfg;s vxjpk [ktwj dk ,d
VqdM+k gh ns ns vxj ;s Hkh eqfEdu u gks rks
vPNh ckr dg ns ¼D;ksafd ;s Hkh ln~d+k gS½
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&2/152-g0&1413½
¼bCus ektk&lquu&1/624-g0&1843½
¼eqfLye&lgh&3/46-g0&2348½
 [123]

gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd d+;ker ds fnu
cUnk vYykg rv+kyk ds gqtwj is'k fd;k tk;sxk
rks vYykg rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk D;k eSaus rq>s
ns[kus o lquus dh dqOor ugha nh D;k eSaus rq>s
eky vkSj vkSykn ugha fn;s D;k eSaus rsjs fy;s
tkuoj vkSj [ksfr;k¡ rsjs rkcSv+ u dh D;k rsjk
;s [+;ky Fkk fd vkt ds fnu rw eq>ls eqykd+kr
djsxk rks oks dgsxk fd ugha rks vYykg rv+kyk
Q+jek;sxk vkt eSa rq>s mlh rjg NksM+rk gw¡
ftl rjg rwus eq>s Hkqyk;k FkkA
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/249-g0&2428½

gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk
v+ySg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd cs'kd d+;ker
ds fnu vYykg rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk fd ,s bCus
vkne eSa chekj gqvk vkSj rwus esjh v+;knr u
dh cUnk v+tZ+ djsxk fd ,s esjs ijoj fnxkj eSa
rsjh v+;knr dSls djrk tcfd rw [kqn reke
tgkukas dk ikyus okyk gS bj'kkn gksxk D;k rw>s
ekv+ywe ugha fd esjk Q+qyk¡ cUnk chekj gqvk
vkSj rwus mldh v+;knr u dh D;k rw ugha
tkurk vxj rw mldh v+;knr djrk rks eq>s
mlds ikl ekStwn ikrk fQj vYykg rvkyk&
 [124]

Q+jek;sxk ,s bCus vkne eSaus rq>ls [kkuk ek¡xk

ysfdu rqus eq>s [kkuk ugha f[kyk;k cUnk v+t+Z
djsxk fd ,s esjs jc eSa rq>s [kkuk dSls f[kykrk
tcfd rw rks ge lcdk ijojfnxkj gS fQj
vYykg rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk D;k rq>s ekv+ywe ugha
fd esjs Qqyk¡ cUns us rq>ls [kkuk ek¡xk Fkk vxj
rw mls [kkuk f[kykrk rks rw eq>s mlds ikl
ekStwn ikrk

fQj vYykg rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk ,s bCus

vkne eSaus rq>ls ikuh ek¡xk Fkk vkSj rwus eq>s
ikuh ugha fiyk;k rks cUnk v+tZ+ djsxk ,s esjs
ijojfnxkj eSa rq>s ikuh dSls fiykrk rw rks
reke tgkuks dk jc gS fQj vYykg rv+kyk
Q+jek;sxk fd esjs Qqyk¡ cUns us rq>ls ikuh ek¡xk
Fkk vxj rw mls ikuh fiykrk rks eq>s mlds
ikl ekStwn ikrkA
¼eqfLye&lgh&6/201-g0&6556½
¼bCus fgCcku&lgh&1/426-g0&269½
¼cSgd+h&'kqv+cqy bZeku&6/446-g0&9182½
¼vRrjx+hc&oRrjghc&2/418-g0&1742½
 [125]

ml fnu ckn'kkgh flQ+Z vYykg dh

gksxh vkSj oks yksxksa dk Q+Slyk djsxk

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj ckn'kkgh ml fnu flQ+Z vYykg gh dh
gksxh ogh muds njfe;ku Q+Slyk Q+jek;sxk il
tks yksx bZeku yk;s vkSj usd v+ey djrs jgs
oks usv+er ds ckx+kr esa ¼d+;ke it+hj½ gksaxs
vkSj ftUgksaus dq¶+j fd;k vkSj gekjh vk;rksa dks
>qByk;k rks mUgha yksxksa ds fy;s ft+Yyr vkest+
v+t+kc gksxkA ¼lw0&gt&22/56-57½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

lkjh dh lkjh t+ehu d+;ker ds fnu mldh
eqV~Bh esa gksxh vkSj lkjs vklekuh dqjsZ mlds
nk¡;s gkFk ¼;kuh d+Ctk&,&dqnjr½ esa fyiVs gq;s
gksaxsA ¼lw0&tq+ej&39/67½

gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS gqtwj ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd jkst+s d+;ker vYykg
rv+kyk t+ehu dks viuh eqV~Bh esa ys ysxk vkSj
vklekuksa dks vius nk¡;s gkFk esa yisV ysxk fQj
Q+jek;sxk eSa gh ckn'kkg gw¡ nqfu;k¡ ds ckn'kkg
vkt dgk¡ gSaA ¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&4/751-g0&4812½
¼eqfLye&lgh&6/354-g0&7050½
 [126]

gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq

rv+kyk v+Ugqek½ ls fjok;r gS fd jlwys vdje
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
d+;ker ds fnu vYykg rv+kyk vklekukssa dks
yisV ysxk vkSj mUgsa vius nkfgus gkFk esa ysxk
vkSj dgsxk eSa gh tCckj gw¡ eSa gh ckn'kkg gw¡
dgk¡ gSa tkfcj vkSj dgk¡ gSa rdCcqj djus okys
fQj vYykg rv+kyk t+ehu dks yisV ysxk vkSj
Q+jek;sxk eSa gh tCckj gw¡ eSa gh ckn'kkg gw¡ dgk¡
gSa tkfcj vkSj dgk¡ gSa eqrkdfCcj tks vius
vki dks tCckj le>rs FksA
¼bCus ektk&lquu&3/395-g0&4275½
¼vcw nkÅn&lquu&6/591-g0&4732½

ftu xqukgksa dk rv+kYyqd+ gqdwdqYykg ls

gS tSls jkst+k] uekt+] gt] t+dkr] ox+Sjkg vxj
geus budh vnk;xh esa dksrkgh dh vkSj vYykg
ds gqdwd+ gekjs ft+Ees ckd+h jgs rks ;s vYykg ds
gqdwd+ gSa vYykg rv+kyk pkgs rks viuh jger
ls eqv+kQ+ Q+jeka ns ;k pkgs rks lt+k ns vkSj
tqeyk xqukgksa vkSj dksrkfg;ksa dh eqv+kQ+h vkSj
cf[+'k'k dh jc rv+kyk ls mEehn dh tk ldrh
gS exj ftu xqukgksa dk rv+kYyqd+ gqdwdqy bckn
¼;kuh bUlkuksa ds gqdwd+½ ls gS vxj geus mudh
vnk;xh u dh tks gqdwd+ gekjs ft+Ees Fks ;k
fdlh dh gd+ rYQ+h dh ;k fdlh dk gd+ ge
ij ckd+h jgk vkSj geus vius gd+nkjksa ls ekQ+h
 [127]

ugha ek¡xh vkSj mUgksaus gesa eqv+kQ+ u fd;k rks

bu reke gqdwd+ksa dks vYykg rv+kyk eqv+kQ+
ugha Q+jek;sxk tc rd fd gd+nkj eqv+kQ+ u
djs ;k mldk gd+ mls vnk dj fn;k tk;s
exj vYykg rckjd o rv+kyk vius ed+cwy
o eqd+jZc cUnkssa ds mu gqdwd+ksa dks tks mlds
ft+Ees ckd+h Fks mlds gd+nkjksa ls fdlh u fdlh
rjg ekv+Q+h ds fy;s jkt+h djsxk vkSj muds
gd+nkjksa ls vius e[k+lwl cUnksa dks ekv+Q+h
fnyok;sxk vkSj ml fnu ckn'kkgh flQ+Z vYykg
gh dh gksxh vkSj reke yksx mlds gqtwj vius
fglkcks fdrkc ds fy;s [kMs+ gksaxs vkSj vYykg
rv+kyk yksxksa ds njfe;ku Q+Slyk Q+jek;sxkA

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ftl fnu oks lc ¼d+czksa ls½ fudy iM+saxs vkSj
mu ¼ds vkv+eky½ ls dqN Hkh vYykg ij
iks'khnk u jgsxk ¼bj'kkn gksxk½ vkt fdldh
ckn'kkgh gS ¼fQj bj'kkn gksxk½ vYykg gh dh
tks ;drk gS lc ij x+kfyc gS vkt ds fnu
gj tku dks mldh dekbZ dk cnyk fn;k
tk;sxk vkt dksbZ uk balkQ+h u gksxh cs'kd
vYykg cgqr tYn fglkc ysus okyk gS vkSj
vki mudks d+jhc vkus okyh vkQ+r ds fnu ls
Mjk;sa tc t+Crs x+e ls dysts eq¡g dks vk;saxs
vkSj t+kfyeksa ds fy;s uk dksbZ nksLr gksxk vkSj
uk dksbZ flQ+kj'kh fd ftldh ckr ekuh tk;s&
 [128]

vkSj oks [k+;kur djus okyh fuxkgksa dks tkurk

gS vkSj ¼mu ckrksa dks½ tks lhus ¼vius vUnj½
Nqik;s j[krs gSa vkSj vYykg gd+ ds lkFk QS+lyk
Q+jekrk gS vkSj ftu ¼cqrksa½ dks ;s yksx vYykg
ds flok iwtrs gSa oks dqN Hkh QS+lyk ugha dj
ldrs cs'kd vYykg gh lquus okyk ns[kus okyk
gS vkSj D;k ;s yksx t+ehu esa pys fQjs ugha fd
ns[k ysrs mu yksxksa dk vUtke dSlk gqvk tks
buls igys Fks oks yksx dqOor esa Hkh buls cgqr
T+;knk Fks vkSj mu vklkj o fu'kkukr esa Hkh
tks oks t+ehu esa ¼NksM+ x;s½ Fks fQj vYykg us
muds xqukgksa dh otg ls mUgsa idM+ fy;k vkSj
muds fy;s vYykg ¼ds v+t+kc½ ls cpkus okyk
dksbZ u Fkk ;s bl otg ls gqvk fd muds ikl
muds jlwy [kqyh fu'kkfu;k¡ ysdj vk;s Fks fQj
mUgksaus dq¶+j fd;k rks vYykg rv+kyk us mUgsa
¼v+t+kc esa½ idM+ fy;k cs'kd oks cM+h dqOor
okyk l[+r v+t+kc nsus okyk gSA
¼lw0&eksfeu@x+kfQ+j&40/16 rk 22½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

gkyk¡fd ftUukr dks ekv+ywe gS fd oks ¼Hkh
vYykg ds gqtwj½ ;d+huu is'k fd;s tk;saxsA
¼lw0&l¶+Q+kr&37/158½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vxj dksbZ ¼usd ;k cn½ v+ey jkbZ ds nkus ds
 [129]

cjkcj Hkh gks fQj [+okg oks fdlh iRFkj ds

uhps ¼Nqik½ gks ;k vklekuksa esa ;k t+ehu esa
¼rc Hkh½ vYykg rv+kyk mls ¼jkst+s d+;ker
fglkc ds fy;s½ gkft+j dj nsxk cs'kd vYykg
rv+kyk cM+k ckjhd chu gS vkSj [k+cjnkj gSA
¼lw0&yqd+eku&31/16½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ftl fnu oks Q+fj'rksa dks ns[ksaxs rks ml fnu
eqtfjeksa ds fy;s dksbZ [kq'kh dk ekSd+k u gksxk
cfYd ;s dgrs fQjsaxs [kqnk;k gesa viuh iukg
ns fd ;s ge ls nwj gks tk;sa vkSj fQj ge mu
vkv+eky dh rjQ+ eqroTtS gksaxs tks mUgksaus
¼nqfu;k¡ esa½ fd;s Fks ge mudk Q+Slyk djus ij
vk;saxs rks mUgsa Q+t+k esa fc[kjk gqvk xnZ o
xqckj ¼dh rjg cs d+her½ cuk nsaxs ml fnu
vg~ys tUur dh d+;ke xkg csgrj gksxh vkSj
vkjke xkg Hkh [kwcrj gksxh ¼tgk¡ oks fglkc o
fdrkc dh nksigj ds ckn tkdj dS+ywyk djasxs½
vkSj ml fnu vkleku QVdj ckny ¼dh rjg
/kqa,sa½ esa cny tk;asxs vkSj Q+fj'rs fxjksg nj
fxjksg mrkjs tk;asxs ml fnu lPph ckn'kkgh
flQ+Z ¼[kqnk,½ jgeku dh gksxh vkSj oks fnu
dkfQ+jksa ij l[+r ¼eqf'dy½ gksxk vkSj ml fnu
gj t+kfye ¼xqLls vkSj gljr ls½ vius gkFkksa
dks dkV dkV dj [kk;sxk ¼vkSj½ dgsxk dk'k
eSaus jlwy dh ekv+¸;r esa ¼vkdj fgnk;r dk½
 [130]

jkLrk bf[+r;kj fd;k gksrk gk; vQ+lksl dk'k

eSaus Qqyka 'k[+l dks nksLr u cuk;k gksrk cs'kd
mlus esjs ikl ulhgr vk tkus ds ckn eq>s
mlls cgdk fn;k
¼lw0&Qqjd+ku&25/22 rk 29½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

[k+cjnkj tks dqN vklekuksa vkSj t+ehu eas gS
lc vYykg gh dk gS oks ;d+huu tkurk gS
ftl gky ij rqe gks ¼bZeku ij gks ;k
equkfQ+d+r ij½ vkSj ftl fnu yksx mldh
rjQ+ ykSVk;s tk;saxs rks oks mUgsa crk nsxk tks
dqN oks fd;k djrs Fks vkSj vYykg gj pht+
dks [kwc tkuus okyk gSA
¼lw0&uwj&24/64½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj ogh gS tks jkr ds oD+r rqEgkjh #gas d+Ct+
dj ysrk gS vkSj tks dqN rqe fnu ds oD+r
dekrs gks oks tkurk gS fQj oks rqEgsa fnu esa
mBk nsrk gS rkfd ¼rqEgkjh ft+Unxh dh½ eqv+¸;u
fe;kn iwjh dj nh tk;s fQj rqEgkjk iyVuk
mlh dh rjQ+ gS fQj oks ¼jkst+s eg'kj½ rqEgsa
mu ¼reke vkv+eky½ ls vkxkg Q+jeka nsxk tks
rqe ¼bl ft+Unxkuh eas½ djrs jgs FksA
¼lw0&vuv+ke&6/60½
 [131]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vki Q+jeka nhft;s rqe v+ey djks lks v+ud+jhc
rqEgkjs v+ey dks vYykg ¼Hkh½ ns[k ysxk vkSj
mldk jlwy ¼Hkh½ vkSj vgys bZeku ¼Hkh½ vkSj
rqe v+ud+jhc gj iks'khnk vkSj t+kfgj dks
tkuus okys ¼jc½ dh rjQ+ ykSVk;s tkvksxs lks
oks rqEgsa mu vkv+eky ls [k+cjnkj Q+jeka nsxk
tks rqe fd;k djrs FksA
¼lw0&rkSck&9/105½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

¼,s bUlku½ D;k rq>s ekv+ywe ugha fd vYykg
mu lc pht+ks dks tkurk gS tks vklekuksa esa gS
vkSj tks t+ehu eas gS dgha Hkh rhu ¼yksxksa½ dh
dksbZ ¼Hkh½ ljxks'kh ¼,slh½ ugha gksrh exj ;s fd
oks ¼vYykg vius eqghr b+Ye ds lkFk½ mudk
pkSFkk gksrk gS vkSj u dksbZ ik¡p ¼yksxksa½ dh
ljxks'kh ,slh gksrh gS exj ;s fd mleas oks
¼vYykg vius b+Yes eqghr ds lkFk½ mudk NBk
gksrk gS vkSj u blls de ¼yksxksa½ dh vkSj u
T+;knk dh exj oks ¼vYykg ges'kk½ muds lkFk
gksrk gS oks tgk¡ dgha Hkh gksrs gSa fQj oks
d+;ker ds fnu mUgsa mu dkekas ls [k+cjnkj
Q+jeka nsxk tks oks djrs jgs Fks cs'kd vYykg
gj pht+ dks [kwc tkuus okyk gSA
¼lw0&eqtkfnyk&58/60½
 [132]

vkv+eky dk iwjk cnyk fn;k tk;sxk

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

lks D;k gky gksxk tc ge mudks ml fnu
ftl ¼ds cik gksus½ esa dksbZ 'kd ugha tekv+
djsaxs vkSj ftl tku us tks dqN Hkh ¼vkv+eky
esa ls½ dek;k gksxk mls mldk iwjk iwjk cnyk
fn;k tk;sxk vkSj mu ij dksbZ tqYe u fd;k
tk;sxkA ¼lw0&vkys bejku&3/25½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

cs'kd d+;ker dh ?kM+h vkus okyh gS eSa mls
iks'khnk j[kuk pkgrk gw¡ rkfd gj tku dks ml
¼v+ey½ dk cnyk fn;k tk;s ftlds fy;s mlus
dksf'k'k dhA ¼lw0&rkgk&20/15½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

cs'kd vkidk jc mu lc dks muds vkv+eky
dk iwjk iwjk cnyk nsxk tks dqN oks dj jgs gaS
;d+huu oks muls [kwc vkxkg gSA
¼lw0&gwn&11/11½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ml fnu vYykg mUgsa mu ¼ds vkv+eky½ dh
iwjh iwjh tt+k nsxk ftlds oks lgh gd+nkj gSa
vkSj oks tku ysaxs fd vYykg ¼[kqn Hkh½ gd+ gS
 [133]

¼vkSj gd+ dks½ t+kfgj Q+jekus okyk ¼Hkh½ gSA

¼l0&uwj&24/25½
bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&
oks fnu ¼;kn djsa½ tc gj 'k[+l egt+ viuh
tku dh rjQ+ ls ¼fnQ+kv+ ds fy;s½ >xM+rk
gqvk gkft+j gksxk vkSj gj tku dks tks dqN
mlus fd;k gksxk mldk iwjk iwjk cnyk fn;k
tk;sxk vkSj mu ij dksbZ tq+Ye ugha fd;k
tk;sxkA ¼lw0&ug~y&16/111½

lcls igys mEers eqfLyek dk fglkc

gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq
rv+kyk v+Ugqek½ ls fjok;r gS fd jlwys vdje
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
ge vkf[k+jh mEer gSa ysfdu lcls igys gekjk
fglkc gksxk funk vk;sxh mEeh mEer dgk¡ gS
vkSj mlds uch dgk¡ gSa rks ge ¼nqfu;k¡ esa½
lcls vkf[k+j gSa vkSj ¼tUur esa½ lcls vOoy
gksaxsA ¼bCus ektk&lquu&3/399-g0&4290½

rktnkjs dk;ukr ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg

olYye½ dk Q+jeku gS fd tc nwljh mEerksa
dk fglkc gks jgk gksxk rks esjh mEer tUur esa
tk pqdh gksxh ;kuh nqfu;k¡ esa vken ds fygkt+
ls esjh mEer lcls vkf[k+jh gS ysfdu fglkc o
 [134]

fdrkc o tUur esa nkf[k+ys ds fygkt+ ls lcls

eqd+n~ne gksaxsA

&% d;ker esa lcls igys

uekt+ dk fglkc %&
gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½
ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd d+;ker ds fnu
lcls igys uekt+ dk fglkc gksxk vxj uekt+
m+Enkg fudyha ¼;kuh 'kjk;r ds eqrkfcd+ vkSj
vjdku ds eqrkfcd+ vius oD+r ij vnk dha½
rks ml 'k[+l us NqVdkjk gkfly dj fy;k vkSj
oks 'k[+l eqjkn dks igq¡p x;k vkSj vxj uekt+
m+Enkg u gqbZa rks oks 'k[+l [k+lkjs o uqd+lku
esa iM+ x;k vkSj oks cckZn gks x;k vkSj vxj
ftldh Q+t+Z uekt+sa iwjh u gqbZ rks Q+tZ+ uekt+ksa
dks uokfQ+y ls iwjk fd;k tk;sxk vkSj mlds
ckn nwljs vkv+eky dh Hkh ;gh gkyr gksxhA
¼ulkbZ&lquu&1/209-g0&468½

ljojs dk;ukr ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg

olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd d+;ker ds fnu lcls
igys uekt+ dk fglkc gksxk vkSj ftudh Q+tZ+
uektsa+ iwjh u gksaxh rks vYykg rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk
fd D;k esjs cUns ds dqN uokfQ+y Hkh gSa vkSj
vxj uokfQ+y gq;s rks vYykg rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk
 [135]

fd esjs cUnksa ds Q+t+ksaZ dks fufQ+yksa ls iwjk djksA

¼vcw nkÅn&lquu&1/639-g0&864½

&% usd eksfeu dk insZ esa fglkc %&

gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq
rv+kyk v+Ugqek½ ls fjok;r gS fd jlwys vdje
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
jksts+ d+;ker vYykg rv+kyk eksfeu dks vius
ut+nhd cqyk;sxk vkSj ml ij viuk inkZ Mky
nsxk fQj vYykg rv+kyk mlls Q+jek;sxk D;k
rq>dks Qqyk¡&Qqyk¡ xqukg ;kn gSa oks eksfeu dgsxk
gk¡ ,s esjs ijojfnxkj tc oks vius xqukgksa dk
bd+jkj dj ysxk vkSj mls ;d+hu vk tk;sxk fd
vc rks eSa gykd gqvk rks vYykg rv+kyk
Q+jek;sxk fd eSaus nqfu;k¡ esa rsjs xqukgksa ij inkZ
Mkyk vkSj vkt Hkh eSa rsjh ex+fQ+jr djrk gw¡
pquk¡pk mldks usfd;ksa dh fdrkc ns nh tk;sxhA
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&2/678-g0&2441½

gt+jr vk;'kk fln~nhd+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk

v+Ugk½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k ftl 'k[+l
ls d+;ker ds fnu fglkc gksxk mldks v+t+kc
fn;k tk;sxk rks eSaus vki ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySg olYye½ ls v+tZ+ fd;k ;k jlwyYykg
vYykg rv+kyk rks dqjku esa Q+jekrk gS fd&
 [136]

^^rks v+ud+jhc mlls vklku lk fglkc fy;k

tk;sxk** ¼lw0&buf'kd+kd&84/8½
rks vki ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½
us Q+jek;k fd ;s fglkc ugha gS cfYd ;s rks
Q+d+r mldks mlds vkv+eky dk fn[kk nsuk gSA
¼eqfLye&lgh&6/405-g0&7225½

tq+Ye ls yh xbZ t+ehu dk fglkc

gt+jr lbZn fcu t+Sn ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk
v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k tks 'k[+l
fdlh dh t+ehu dk dqN fgLlk ;gk¡ rd fd
,d ckfyLr t+ehu tq+Ye ls ysxk rks d+;ker ds
fnu mlds xys esa lkr t+ehuksa dk rkSd+ Mkyk
tk;sxkA
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&2/684-g0&2452,2453½
¼eqfLye&lgh&4/231-g0&4132½

gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq

rv+kyk v+Ugqek½ ls fjok;r gS fd jlwys vdje
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
tks 'k[+l fdlh dh FkksM+h t+ehu uk gd+ ys ysxk
rks oks d+;ker ds fnu lkr t+ehuksa esa /kalrk
pyk tk;sxkA
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&3/445-g0&3196½
 [137]

gt+jr lbZn fcu t+Sn ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk

v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS vokZ fcUrs moSl us muls
?kj ds ckv+t+ fgLls ds ckjs esa >xM+k fd;k rks
mUgksaus dgk fd bls NksM+ nks vkSj t+ehu bls ns
nks D;ksafd eSaus gqtwj ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye½ ls lquk gS vkius Qjek;k fd ftlus
uk gd+ ¼vius gd+ ds cxS+j½ ,d ckfy'r t+ehu
ys yh rks vYykg rv+kyk jkst+s d+;ker mls
lkr t+ehuksa dk rkSd+ iguk;sxk ,s vYykg vxj
;s vokZ >wBh gS rks bls vU/kk dj ns vkSj
bldh d+cz blds ?kj esa cuk ns jkoh dgrs gSa
fd eSus vokZ dks ns[kk fd oks vU/kh dks xbZ Fkh
vkSj nhokjksa dks VVksyrh Fkh vkSj dgrh Fkh fd
eq>s lbZn dh cn~nqv+k yxh gS fQj oks ,d jkst+
vius ?kj ds dq¡,s esa fxj iM+h ogha mldh d+cz
cu xbZA ¼eqfLye&lgh&4/231-g0&4133½

&% vYykg gj pht+ dk fglkc ysxk %&

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&
tks dqN vklekuksa esa gS vkSj tks t+ehu esa gS
lc vYykg ds fy;s gS oks ckrsa tks rqEgkjs fnyksa
esa gSa [+okg mUgsa t+kfgj djks ;k mUgsa Nqikvks
vYykg rqels mldk fglkc ysxk fQj oks ftls
pkgsxk c[+'k nsxk vkSj ftls pkgsxk v+t+kc nsxk
vkSj vYykg gj pht+ ij dkfey dqnjr j[krk
gSA ¼lw0&cd+jkg&2/284½
 [138]

&% cx+Sj lhax okyh cdjh dk fglkc %&

gt+jr lwcku ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls

fjok;r gS fd jlwys vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd vYykg rckjd
o rv+kyk d+;ker ds fnu roTtkS djsxk vkSj
Q+jek;sxk eq>s esjh bT+t+r o tyky dh d+le
t+kfye esjh lt+k ls cp dj ugha xqt+jsxk vkSj
e[k+ywd+ esa bUlkQ+ gksxk ;gk¡ rd fd cx+Sj lhax
okyh cdjh dks lhax okyh cdjh ls bUlkQ+
fnykok;k tk;sxk tks mlus lhax ekjk FkkA
¼rcjkuh eqv+te dchj&1/665-g0&1405½

gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k d+;ker ds fnu rqe
gd+nkjkas dks muds gd+ vnk djksxs ;gk¡ rd fd
cx+Sj lhax okyh cdjh dk cnyk lhax okyh
cdjh ls fy;k tk;sxkA
¼eqfLye&lgh&6/207-g0&6580½
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/245-g0&2420½
 [139]

&% gd+nkjksa dks muds gd+

dk cnyk fn;k tk;sxk %&

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj tks dksbZ ¼fdlh dk gd+½ Nqikrk gS rks jkst+s
d+;ker mls oks ykuk iM+sxk tks mlus Nqik;k Fkk
fQj gj 'k[+l dks mlds v+ey dk iwjk cnyk
fn;k tk;sxk vkSj mu tq+Ye ugha fd;k tk;sxkA
¼lw0&vkys bejku&3/161½

gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd vYykg rv+kyk
ml cUns ij jge Q+jek;s ftlds ikl vius
HkkbZ dh bT+t+r o eky dk gd+ gS rks oks idM+s
tkus ls igys lkfgcs gd+ ls ekv+Q+h ek¡x ys
D;kasfd ml txg u rks nhukj gksaxs vkSj u gh
fnjge gkasxs il tks mlds ikl usfd;k¡ gksaxh rks
usfd;ksa ls gd+nkjksa dk gd+ vkSj et+ywehu dk
cnyk pqdk;k tk;sxk vkSj vxj usfd;k¡ u gqbZa
rks mu et+ywehu vkSj gdnkjksa ds xqukg ml
ij Mkys tk;saxsA
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&6/99-g0&6534½
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/245-g0&2419½
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&2/683-g0&2449½
 [140]

gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd ftl fdlh ds
ikl mlds HkkbZ dh tqYe ls ¼uktkbt+½ yh gq;h
bT+t+r ;k eky gks rks mls pkfg;s fd oks vius
eqlyeku HkkbZ dks nqfu;k¡ eas gh vnk dj ns
blls igys fd oks d+;ker ds fnu vk;s vkSj
rq>ls bT+t+r ;k eky ds cnys rsjh usfd;k¡ ys
ys vkSj vxj rsjs ikl usfd;k¡ de gqbZa rks oks
vius xqukg rsjs Åij MkysxkA
¼cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&4/587-g0&6513½

&% gqdwd+ vnk u djus okyk

jksts+ d+;ker eqQ+fyl gksxk %&
gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½
ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k D;k rqe tkurs gks
fd eqQ+fyl dkSu gS rks lgkck fdjke us v+t+Z
fd;k ;k jlwyYykg ge rks eqQ+fyl mls tkurs
gSa ftlds ikl eky o erkv+ esa ls dqN Hkh u
gks rks vki ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½
us Q+jek;k fd eqQ+fyl oks gS tks d+;ker ds
fnu bl rjg vk;sxk fd mlds ikl jkst+k o
uekt+ o t+dkr gksxh ysfdu mlus fdlh dks
xkyh nh gksxh fdlh ij rqger ¼>wBk bYt+ke]
cksgrku½ yxk;k gksxk ;k fdlh dk eky [kk;k&
 [141]

gksxk fdlh dk [kwu cgk;k gksxk ;k fdlh dks

ekjk gksxk il oks cSBk gksxk vkSj ;s yksx bu
tqeksZa ds cnys mldh usfd;k¡ ys tk;asxs vkSj
vxj xqukgkas dk cnyk iwjk gksus ls igys usfd;k¡
[k+Re gks x;ha rks muds xqukg ml ij Mky fn;s
tk;saxs fQj mls tgUuqe dh vkx esa Mky fn;k
tk;sxkA ¼eqfLye&lgh&6/207-g0&6579½
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/244-g0&2418½

&% tUur o nkst+[k+ ds njfe;ku

tqYe dk cnyk %&
gt+jr vcw lbZn [kqnjh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk
v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k vgys bZeku
tgUuqe ls NqVdkjk ik tk;saxs rks mUgsa tUur o
nkst+[k+ ds njfe;ku ,d iqy ij jksd fy;k
tk;sxk fQj mUgksaus nqfu;k¡ esa tks ,d nwljs ij
tqYeks flre fd;s gksaxs mldk fd+lkl o cnyk
fy;k tk;sxk ;gk¡ rd fd tc oks ikdks lkQ+ gks
tk;saxs rc mUgsa tUur esa tkus dh btkt+r
feysxh uht+ Q+jek;k ml t+kr dh d+le ftlds
d+Ct+s dqnjr esa eqgEen ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySg olYye½ dh tku gS vgys tUur esa ls
gj ,d viuk eqd+ke nqfu;k¡ esa vius ?kj dh
fuLcr T+;knk tkuus okyk gksxkA
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&2/678-g0&2440,6535,½
 [142]

t+dkr vnk u djus okyksa dk vatke

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&
vkSj tks yksx lksuk vkSj pk¡nh dk t+[k+hjk djrs
gSa vkSj mls vYykg dh jkg esa [k+pZ ugha djrs
rks mUgsa nnZukd v+t+kc dh [k+cj lquk nks ftl
fnu ml ¼lksus] pk¡nh vkSj eky½ dks nkst+[k+ dh
vkx esa rik;k tk;sxk fQj ml ¼ris gq;s eky½
ls mudh is'kkfu;k¡ vkSj muds igyw vkSj mudh
ihBsa nkx+h tk;saxh ¼vkSj muls dgk tk;sxk½ fd
;s ogh ¼eky½ gS tks rqeus viuh tkuksa ds fy;s
tekv+ fd;k Fkk lks rqe ¼bl eky dk½ et+k
p[kks ftls rqe tekv+ djrs FksA
¼lw0&rkSck&9/34-35½

gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k dksbZ lksus o pk¡nh
dk ekfyd ,slk ugha tks mldh t+dkr vnk
ugha djrk gks rks d+;ker ds fnu mldk eky
nkst+[k+ dh vkx esa xje fd;k tk;sxk fQj mls
r[+rksa dh rjg cukdj mlds igyw ¼djoVsa½ o
is'kkuh vkSj ihB dks nkx+k tk;sxk tc oks BUMs
gks tk;saxs rks mUgsa nksckjk xeZ fd;k tk;sxk ml
fnu ;s v+ey muds lkFk cjkcj gksrk jgsxk
;gk¡ rd fd vYykg rv+kyk vius cUnksa dk
QS+lyk Q+jekns ml fnu esa ftldh fed+nkj&
 [143]

ipkl gt+kj lky gS fQj mldks tUur ;k

nkst+[k+ dh rjQ+ jkLrk fn[kk;k tk;sxk vkSj dksbZ
Å¡Vksa okyk ,slk ugha tks Å¡Vksa dh t+dkr ugha
nsrk exj ;s fd mldks ,d geokj t+ehu ij
vkSa/kk djds fyVk;k tk;sxk vkSj oks Å¡V vius
[kqjksa ls mldks jksa/ksaxs tc ml ij vkf[k+jh Å¡V
xqt+j tk;sxk rks igys okyk Å¡V vk tk;sxk
vkSj oks fQj nksckjk jksa/ksaxk ;gk¡ rd fd vYykg
rv+kyk vius cUnksa ds njfe;ku Q+Slyk Q+jekns
ml fnu esa ftldh fed+nkj ipkl gt+kj lky
gksxh fQj mldks tUur ;k nkst+[k+ dk jkLrk
fn[kk;k tk;sxk

vkSj dksbZ cdjh okyk ,slk ugha tks

mudh t+dkr vnk ugh+ djrk gks exj ;s fd
mldks ,d geokj t+ehu ij fyVk;k tk;sxk
fQj oks cdfj;k¡ vk;saxh vkSj oks lc vius
[kqjksa ls mldks jkas/ksaxh vkSj lhaxksa ls ekjsaxh vkSj
tc ml ij vkf[k+jh cdjh xqt+j tk;sxh rks
fQj igyh cdjh dks ml ij ykSVk;k tk;sxk
;gk¡ rd fd vYykg rv+kyk vius cUnksa dk
Q+Slyk Q+jekns ml fnu esa ftldh fed+nkj
ipkl gt+kj lky gksxh fQj mldks tUur ;k
nkst+[k+ dk jkLrk fn[kk;k tks;xkA
¼eqfLye&lgh&3/21-g0&2290½
¼vcw nkÅn&lquu&2/318-g0&1658½
 [144]

gt+jr vcw t+j ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k tks 'k[+l Å¡V] xk;
vkSj cdfj;ksa dk ekfyd gks fQj mudh t+dkr
vnk u djs rks d+;ker ds fnu oks tkuoj [kwc
eksVs rkt+s gksdj vk;saxs vkSj vius lhaxksa ls
vius ekfydksa dks ekjsaxs vkSj vius d+neksa ls
jksa/ksaxs fQj tc vkf[k+jh tkuoj xqt+j tk;sxk rks
fQj igyk tkuoj vk tk;sxk vkSj ;s blh rjg
gksrk jgsxk gRrk fd yksx vius vius fBdkuksa
¼tUur ;k nkst+[k+½ esa igq¡p tk;saxsA
¼ulkbZ&lquu&2/129-g0&2444, 2460½
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&1/145-g0&1402, 6958½
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&1/375-g0&617½

gt+jr bCus m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqek½

ls fjok;r gS fd ,d ;euh [k+krwu f[k+ners
ucoh esa gkft+j gqbZ ftlds gkFk esa eksVs eksVs
lksus ds nks da?ku Fks rks vki ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us mlls nj;k¶+r Q+jek;k D;k
rqe bldh t+dkr vnk djrh gks mlus tokc
fn;k fd ugha rks vki us Q+jek;k D;k rq>s ;s
ilUn gS fd jkst+s d+;ker vYykg rq>s vkx ds
nks da?ku iguk;s ;s ckr lqudj ml [k+krwu us
oks nksuksa da?ku mrkj fn;s vkSj dgk fd ;s nksuksa
da?ku vYykg vkSj mlds jlwy ds fy;s gSaA
¼ulkbZ&lquu&2/136-g0&2483½
 [145]

&% eky dks lk¡i dh 'kDy esa

eqlYyr fd;k tk;sxk %&

gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu elÅ+n ¼jft+vYykgq

rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd jlwys vdje
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
tks 'k[+l ekynkj gks vkSj vius eky dh t+dkr
vnk u djs rks oks eky jksts+ d+;ker ,d xats
lk¡i dh 'kDy esa mlds xys dk rkSd+ gksxk vkSj
oks mlls Hkkxsxk vkSj lk¡i mldk ihNk djsxk
fQj vki ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½
us ;s vk;rs djhek frykor Q+jekbZ ^^tks yksx
ml ¼eky o nkSyr½ esa ls nsus esa cq[+y djrs gSa
tks vYykg us mUgsa vius Q+T+y ls v+rk fd;k
gS oks gjfxt+ bl cq[+y dks vius gd+ esa csgrj
[+;ky u djsa cfYd ;s muds gd+ esa cqjk gS
v+ud+jhc d+;ker ds fnu mUgsa ¼xys esa½ mldk
rkSd+ iguk;k tk;sxk** ¼lw0&vkys bejku&3/180½
¼ulkbZ&lquu&2/120-g0&2445½

gt+jr tkfcj fcu v+CnqYykg ¼jft+vYykgq

rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS ljdkjs nks v+kye
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
tks 'k[+l Å¡V] cSy] cdfj;k¡ j[krk gks vkSj
mudh t+dkr vnk u djs rks d+;ker ds fnu
oks ,d pfV;y eSnku esa [kM+k fd;k tk;sxk&
 [146]

vkSj mldks tkuoj vius [kqjksa vkSj lhxksa ls

ekjsaxs vkSj tks ekynkj vius eky dh t+dkr
vnk ugha djsxk rks jkst+s d+;ker oks eky ,d
xats lk¡i dh 'kDy esa mlds ikl vk;sxk oks
ml lk¡i dks ns[kdj Hkkxsxk vkSj oks lk¡i
mlds ihNs ihNs ;s dgrk gqvk Hkkxsxk fd eSa
rsjk [k+t+kuk gw¡ ftlls rw nqfu;k¡ esa datwlh fd;k
djrk Fkk tc oks 'k[+l ns[ksxk fd Hkkxus ls
vc dksbZ Q+k;nk ugha gS rks oks etcwj gksdj
viuk gkFk ml xats lk¡i ds eq¡g esa Mky nsxk
vkSj oks vt+ngk ¼cM+k lk¡i½ mlds gkFk dks
pck;sxkA
¼ulkbZ&lquu&2/127-g0&2458½
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&6/321-g0&6957½
¼eqfLye&lgh&3/27-g0&2297½
¼rcjkuh&eqv+te dchj&1/660-g0&1392½

gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq

rv+kyk v+Ugqek½ ls fjok;r gS fd jlwys vdje
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
tks 'k[+l vius eky dh t+dkr vnk u djs rks
d+;ker ds fnu ml 'k[+l dk eky ,d xatk
lk¡i cudj vk;sxk ftldh vk¡[kksa ij dkys jax
ds nks uqd+rs gksaxs vkSj oks lk¡i ml 'k[+l ls
fyiV tk;sxk vkSj dgsxk eSa rsjk eky gw¡ eSa rsjk
[k+t+kuk gw¡A ¼ulkbZ&lquu&2/136-g0&2485½
 [147]

&% d+;ker esa igyk Q+Slyk

uk gd+ [kwu dk gksxk %&
gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu elÅn ¼jft+vYykgq
rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd jlwys vdje
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
d+;ker ds fnu yksxksa ds njfe;ku lcls igys
ftl pht+ dk QS+lyk gksxk oks uk gd+ [kwu ds
eqrkv+fYyd+ gksxkA ¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&6/99-g0&6533½
¼eqfLye&lgh&4/303-g0&4381½
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&1/775-g0&1396½
¼ulkbZ&lquu&3/124-g0&3999,4000½

&% ,d cw<+h v+kSjr dk okD+;k %&

gt+jr tkfcj ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls
fjok;r gS fd tc leqUnjh eqgkftjhu vki
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ ds ikl
igq¡ps rks vki us Q+jek;k fd rqeus gC'kk esa tks
v+thc ckrsa ns[kh oks gesa ugha crkvksxs muesa ls
pUn ukStokuksa us v+t+Z fd;k ,s vYykg ds jlwy
t+#j crk;saxs ,d erZck ge cSBs gq;s Fks fd ogk¡
ds njosf'k;ksa dh ,d cqf<+;k lj ij ikuh dk
,d eVdk mBk;s gekjs ikl ls xqt+jh fQj ,d
gC'kk ds toku ds ikl ls xqt+jh rks mlus
viuk ,d gkFk ml cqf<;k ds nksuksa dk¡/kksa ds
njfe;ku j[kk vkSj mls /kDdk ns fn;k rks oks&
 [148]

cqf<+;k ?kqVuksa ds cy fxj iM+h vkSj mldk

eVdk VwV x;k fQj tc oks mBh rks mldh
rjQ+ eqroTtS gksdj dgus yxh fd rqEgsa
v+ud+jhc b+Ye gks tk;sxk ,s eDdkj tc vYykg
rv+kyk dqlhZ d+k;e Q+jek;sxk vkSj vOoyhu o
vkf[k+jhu dks tekv+ Q+jek;sxk vkSj gkFk o ik¡o
vius djrwr c;ku djsaxs ml oD+r rqEgsa b+Ye
gks tk;sxk fd vYykg ds ;gk¡ esjk vkSj rqEgkjk
D;k QS+lyk gksrk gS fQj vki ¼lYyYYkkgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k ml cqf<+;k
us lp dgk fd vYykg rv+kyk ml d+kSe dks
dSls ikd djs ftl d+kSe esa det+ksjks dh [k+kfrj
rkd+roj ls eqok[k+t+k u fd;k tk;sA
¼bCus ektk&lquu&3/301-g0&4010½

&% jksts+ d+;ker ekSr dks

ft+Cgk dj fn;k tk;sxk %&
gt+jr vcw lbZn [kqnjh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk
v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k d+;ker ds
fnu ekSr dks ,d lQs+n esa<s dh 'kDy esa yk;k
tk;sxk fQj tUur o nkst+[k+ ds njfe;ku mldks
Bgjk;k tk;sxk fQj dgk tk;sxk ,s tUur okyks
rqe bls igpkurs gks ;s ekSr gS fQj dgk tk;sxk
,s nkst+[k+ okyks D;k rqe bls igpkurs gks ;s
ekSr gS fQj gqDe gksxk vkSj oks esa<k ¼ekSr½ dks
 [149]

ft+Cgk dj fn;k tk;sxk fQj dgk tk;sxk ,s&

tUur okyks rqEgsa tUur esa ges'kk jguk gS rqEgsa
dHkh ekSr u vk;sxh vkSj ,s nkst+[k+ okyks rqEgsa
ges'kk blh nkst+[k+ esa jguk gS vkSj rqEgsa dHkh
ekSr u vk;sxh fQj vki ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us ;s vk;rs eqckjdk i<+h
^^vki mUgsa gljr ¼o unker½ ds fnu ls Mjk;sa
tc gj ckr dk QS+lyk dj fn;k tk;sxk exj
oks x+Q+yr ¼dh gkyr½ esa iM+s gSa vkSj bZeku
ugha ykrs** ¼lw0&ej;e&19/39½
¼eqfLye&lgh&6/389-g0&7181½

&% cs'kqekj yksx cxS+j fglkc

ds tUur esa tk;saxs %&
gt+jr vcw mekek ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½
ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd esjs jc us
eq>ls okv+nk Q+jek;k gS fd oks esjh mEer esa
ls lRrj gt+kj mEefr;ksa dks cxS+j fglkc vkSj
cxS+j v+t+kc ds tUur esa nkf[k+y Q+jek;sxk vkSj
gj gt+kj ds lkFk lRrj gt++kj et+hn gksaxs vkSj
rhu eqV~Bh esjs jc dh eqV~fB;ksa esa ls et+hn
gksxhA
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/258-g0&2437½
¼bCus ektk&lquu&3/399-g0&4286½
 [150]

&% jkst+s g'j usd yksxksa dks muds usd

vkv+eky ds ckbl csgrj flyk %&

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj ml fnu tUur ijgst+xkjksa ds d+jhc dj
nh tk;sxhA ¼lw0&'kqv+jk&26/90½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj vYykg ,sls yksxksa dks ftUgksaus ijgst+xkjh
bf[+r;kj dh gS mUgsa mudh dke;kch ds lkFk
futkr nsxk u mUgsa dksbZ cqjkbZ igq¡psxh vkSj u
oks x+exhu gksaxsA
¼lw0&t+qej&39/60½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj ftu yksxksa ds psgjs lQ+sn ¼jkS'ku½ gksaxs rks
oks vYykg dh jger esa gksaxs vkSj oks mlesa
ges'kk jgsaxsA
¼lw0&vkys bejku&3/107½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ml fnu cgqr ls psgjs ¼glhu½ ck jkSud+ vkSj
rjks rkt+k gksaxs viuh usd dkfo'kksa ds ckbl
[kq'k o [kqjZe gksaxs
¼lw0&x+kf'k;k&88/8,9½
 [151]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

mu yksxksa ds fy;s tks usdh djrs jgs bl nqfu;k¡
esa Hkh HkykbZ gS vkSj vkf[k+jr dk ?kj rks t+#j
gh csgrj gS vkSj ijgst+xkjksa dk ?kj D;k [kwc
gS lnkcgkj ckx+kr gSa ftueas oks nkf[k+y gkasxs
ftuds uhps ls ugjs cg jgh gksaxh mlesa mu ds
fy;s oks lc dqN gS tks oks pkgasxs oks ¼e;Llj½
gksxk bl rjg vYykg rv+kyk ijgst+xkjksa dks
flyk v+rk Q+jekrk gSA ¼lw0&ug~y&16/30,31½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

;s gd+ gS fd cs'kd udksdkjksa dk ukek&,&
vkv+eky bYyhbZu ¼cqyUn erZck yksxksa ds
n¶+rj½ esa gS vkSj vkius D;k tkuk bYyhbZu
D;k gS oks fy[kh gq;h ,d fdrkc gS ¼ftlesa
usdksdkjksa ds v+ey ntZ gksrs gSa ftldk eq'kkgnk
eqd+jZc Q+fj'rs djrs gSa cs'kd usdksdkj yksx
¼,s'kks vkjke o jkgrks eljZr ls½ usv+erksa okyh
tUur esa gksaxs r[+rkas ij cSBs ut+kjs dj jgs gksaxs
¼vkSj½ vki muds psgjksa ls gh usv+er o jkgr
dh jkSud+ vkSj 'kxq¶+rxh ekv+ywe dj yasxs mUgsa
cM+h yt+ht+ 'kjkcs rgwj fiyk;h tk;sxhA
¼lw0&eqrf¶+Q+Q+hu&83/18 rk 25½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ml fnu ckn'kkgh flQ+Z vYykg dh gksxh ogh
muds njfe;ku QS+lyk Q+jek;sxk il tks yksx
 [152]

bZeku yk;s vkSj usd v+ey djrs jgs oks

usv+er ds ckx+kr esa gS ¼d+;ke it+hj½ gksaxsA
¼lw0&gt&22/56½

gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq

rv+kyk v+Ugqek½ ls fjok;r gS fd jlwys vdje
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
fd jksts+ d+;ker rhu fd+Le ds yksx eq'd ds
Vhys ij gksaxs vkSj yksx mu ij j'd djasxs ,d
oks 'k[+l tks ik¡pksa oD+r dh vt+ku dgs nwljk
oks 'k[+l tks d+kSe dk beke gks vkSj d+kSe mlls
jkt+h gks vkSj rhljk oks xqyke tks vYykg
rv+kyk vkSj vius ekfyd dk gd+ vnk djsA
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/352-g0&2566½

&% jkst+s g'j cndkjksa dk vatke %&

eSnkus eg'kj esa ph[kks iqdkj eph gksxh
iqyfljkr vkSj eht+ku d+k;e fd;k tk;sxk vkSj
tgUuqe HkM+dkbZ tk;sxh vkSj yksxksa dks muds
vkv+eky ukes fn;s tk jgs gksaxs vkSj oks mlesa
ns[ksaxs tks mUgksaus nqfu;k¡ eas vPNs vkSj cqjs dke
fd;s gksaxs vkSj yksx l[+r [k+kSQ+ o ijs'kkfu;ksa
ls f?kjs gksaxs flok;s jc rv+kyk ds eqd+jZc o
e[k+lwl cUnksa ds vkSj oks vYykg rv+kyk dh
jger esa gksaxs vkSj dqN yksx nkst+[k+ esa Mkys tk
jgs gksaxs vkSj fdrus gh yksx t+yhy o jqlok gks
 [153]

jgs gksaxs vkSj fdrus gh yksxksa dh ijnk iks'kh

gksxh vkSj fdrus gh yksx 'keZlkj gks jgs gksaxs
vkSj ckv+t+ yksx futkr ik tk;saxs vkSj ckv+t+
yksx 'knhn v+t+kc esa eqfCryk gksaxs vkSj ckv+t+
dks vYykg rv+kyk dh jger gkfly gksxh vkSj
gesa viuk irk ugha fd esjk gky D;k gksxkA
bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&
cfYd mudk ¼vly½ okv+nk rks d+;ker gS vkSj
d+;ker dh ?kM+h cgqr gh l[+r vkSj cgqr gh
rY[k+ gS cs'kd eqtfje yksx xqejkgh o nhokuxh
¼;k vkx dh yisV½ esa gSa ftl fnu oks yksx
vius eq¡g ds cy nkst+[k+ esa ?klhVs tk;saxs ¼rks
muls dgk tk;sxk½ vkx esa tyus dk et+k p[kks
¼lw0&d+ej&54/46 rk 48½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj vki d+;ker ds fnu mu yksxksa dks ftUgksaus
vYykg ij >wB cksyk gS ns[ksaxs fd muds psgjs
fl;kg gksaxs D;k rdCcqj djus okyksa dk fBdkuk
nkst+[k+ esa ugha gSA ¼lw0&tq+ej&39/60½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

rqe esa ls ckv+t+ ckv+t+ ds nq'eu gksaxs fQj
tc esjh tkfuc ls rqEgkjs ikl dksbZ fgnk;r
¼ogh½ vk tk;s lks tks 'k[+l esjh fgnk;r dh
iSjoh djsxk rks oks u ¼nqfu;k¡ esa½ xqejkg gksxk
 [154]

vkSj u ¼vkf[k+jr esa oks½ cn ulhc gksxk vkSj

ftlus esjs ft+Ø ¼;kuh esjh ;kn vkSj ulhgr½
ls eq¡g Qsjk rks mlds fy;s nqfu;k¡oh ev+k'k rax
dj fn;k tk;sxk vkSj ge mls d+;ker ds fnu
vU/kk mBk;saxs rks oks dgsxk ,s esjs jc rwus eq>s
¼vkt½ vU/kk D;ksa mBk;k gkyk¡fd eSa ¼nqfu;k¡ esa½
chuk Fkk bj'kkn gksxk ,slk ¼blfy;s gqvk fd
nqfu;k¡ esa½ rsjs ikl gekjh fu'kkfu;k¡ vk;ha il
rwus mUgsa Hkqyk fn;k vkSj vkt blh rjg rw
¼Hkh½ Hkqyk fn;k tk;sxk vkSj blh rjg ge ml
'k[+l dks cnyk nsrs gSa tks ¼xqukgksa esa½ gn ls
fudy tk;s vkSj vius jc dh vk;rksa ij
bZeku u yk;s vkSj cs'kd vkf[k+jr dk v+t+kc
cM+k gh l[+r vkSj ges'kk jgus okyk gSA
¼lw0&rkgk&20/123 rk 127½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj nkst+[k+ xqejkgksa ds lkeus t+kfgj dj nh
tk;sxh vkSj muls dgk tk;sxk oks ¼cqr½ dgk¡ gSa
ftUgsa rqe iwtrs Fks vYykg ds flok D;k oks
rqEgkjh enn dj ldrs gSa ;k [kqn viuh enn
dj ldrs gSa ¼fd vius vki dks nkst+[k+ ls
cpk ysa½ lks oks ¼cqr Hkh½ ml ¼nkst+[k+½ esa vksa/ks
eq¡g fxjk fn;s tk;saxs vkSj xqejkg yksx ¼Hkh½
vkSj bcyhl dh lkjh Q+kStsa ¼Hkh okflys tgUuqe
gksaxh½ oks ¼xqejkg yksx½ ml ¼nkst+[k+½ esa ckge
>xM+k djrs gq;s dgsaxs vYykg dh d+le ge&
 [155]

[kqyh xqejkgh esa Fks tc ge rqEgsa lc tgkuksa

ds jc ds cjkcj Bgjkrs Fks vkSj gedks ¼mu½
eqtfjeksa ds flok fdlh us xqejkg ugha fd;k lks
¼vkt½ u dksbZ gekjh flQ+kfj'k djus okyk gS
vkSj u dksbZ xje tks'k nksLr gS lks dk'k gesa
,d ckj ¼nqfu;k¡ esa½ iyVuk ¼ulhc½ gks tkrk
rks ge eksfeu gks tkrs cs'kd bl ¼okD+v+k½ esa
¼dqnjrs bykgh dh½ cM+h fu'kkuh gSa vkSj muds
vDlj yksx eksfeu u FksA
¼lw0&'kqv+jk&26/90 rk 103½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ge mUgsa ¼nqfu;k¡ esa½ FkksM+k lk Q+k;nk igq¡pk;saxs
fQj ge mUgsa cscl djds l[+r v+t+kc dh
rjQ+ ys tk;saxsA ¼lw0&yqd+eku&31/24½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

nqfu;k¡ esa ¼pUn jkst+½ yqRQ+ vanst+h ds gS fQj
mUgsa gekjh gh rjQ+ iyVuk gS fQj ge mUgsa
l[+r v+t+kc dk et+k p[kk;saxs mlds cnys esa
tks oks dq¶+j fd;k djrs FksA ¼lw0&;wuql&10/70½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

;gh oks yksx gSa ftUgksaus vkf[k+jr ds cnys esa
nqfu;k¡ dh ft+Unxh [k+jhn yh gS il u mu ij
ls v+t+kc gYdk fd;k tk;sxk vkSj u gh mudks
enn nh tk;sxhA ¼lw0&cd+jkg&2/86½
 [156]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ml fnu >qBykus okyksa ds fy;s cM+h cckZnh gksxh
¼vc½ rqe ml ¼v+tk+c½ dh rjQ+ pyks ftls
rqe >qByk;k djrs Fks ¼vc½ rqe ¼nkst+[k+ ds /kq¡,sa
ij ecuh½ ml lk;s dh rjQ+ pyks ftlds rhu
fgLls gSa tks u rks BUMk lk;k gS vkSj u gh
vkx dh rfi'k ls cpkus okyk gS cs'kd oks
¼nkst+[k+½ Å¡ps egy dh rjg ¼cMs+&cM+s½ 'kksv+ys
vkSj fpaxkfj;k¡ mM+krh gS ¼;w¡ Hkh yxrk gS½ xks;k
oks ¼fpaxkfj;k¡½ t+nZ jax okys Å¡V gSa ml fnu
>qBykus okyksa ds fy;s cM+h rckgh gS ;s ,slk
fnu gS fd oks ¼mlesa½ cksy Hkh u ldsaxs vkSj u
gh mUgsa btkt+r nh tk;sxh fd oks ekv+t+jr dj
ldsa ml fnu >qBykus okyksa ds fy;s cM+h rckgh
gS ;s QS+lys dk fnu gS ¼ftlesa½ ge rqEgsa vkSj
lc igys ds yksxksa dks tekv+ djsaxs fQj vxj
rqEgkjs ikl ¼v+t+kc ls cpus dk½ dksbZ ghyk gS
rks oks ghyk eq> ij pykvks ml fnu >qBykus
okyksa ds fy;s cM+h rckgh gSA
¼lw0&eqjlykr&77/28 rk 40½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ml fnu >qBykus okyksa ds fy;s rckgh gksxh tks
yksx jkst+s tt+k dks >qBykrs gSa vkSj mls dksbZ
ugha >qBykrk flok;s gj ml 'k[+l ds tks
ljd'k o xqukgxkj gS tc ml ij gekjh
vk;rsa i<+dj lqukbZ tkrh gSa rks dgrk gS fd ;s
 [157]

rks vxys yksxksa dh dgkfu;k¡ gSa ,slk gjfxt+

ugha cfYd ¼gd+hd+r ;s gS fd½ muds fnyksa ij
mu vkv+ekys ¼cn½ dk tax p<+ x;k gS tks oks
dek;k djrs Fks ¼blfy;s vk;rsa muds fnyksa ij
vlj ugha djrha½ gd+ ;s gS fd cs'kd ml fnu
mUgsa vius jc ds nhnkj ls ¼eg#e djus ds
fy;s½ inkZ dj fn;k tk;sxk fQj oks nkst+[k+ esa
>ksad fn;s tk;saxs fQj muls dgk tk;sxk ;s oks
¼v+t+kcs nkst+[k+½ gS ftls rqe >qByk;k djrs FksA
¼eqrf¶+Q+Q+hu&83/10 rk 17½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

cs'kd tks yksx vYykg ds v+gn vkSj viuh
d+leksa dk FkksM+h lh d+her ds ,Sot+ lkSnk dj
nsrs gSa ;gh oks yksx gSa ftuds fy;s vkf[k+jr esa
dksbZ fgLlk u gksxk vkSj u d+;ker ds fnu
vYykg muls dyke Q+jek;sxk vkSj u gh
mudh rjQ+ fuxkg djsxk vkSj u mUgsa ikdht+xh
nsxk vkSj muds fy;s nnZukd v+t+kc gksxkA
¼lw0&vkys bejku&3/77½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj ml 'k[+l ls c<+dj t+kfye dkSu gks
ldrk gS ftls mlds jc dh vk;rksa ds t+fj,
ulhgr dh tk;s fQj oks muls eq¡g Qsj ys
cs'kd ge eqtfjeksa ls cnyk ysus okys gSaA
¼lw0&lTnk&32/22½
 [158]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ftl fnu ge cM+h l[+r fxj¶+r djsaxs rks ¼ml
fnu½ ge ;d+huu bfUrd+ke ys gh ysaxsA
¼lw0&nq[k+ku&44/16½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

fQj oks mUgsa d+;ker ds fnu jqlok djsxk vkSj
bj'kkn Q+jek;sxk esjs oks 'kjhd dgk¡ gSa ftuds
gd+ esa rqe ¼eksfeuksa ls½ >xM+k fd;k djrs Fks
oks yksx ftUgsa b+Ye fn;k x;k gS dgsaxs cs'kd
vkt dkfQ+jksa ij ¼gj fd+Le dh½ jqlokbZ vkSj
cckZnh gS ftudh #gsa Q+fj'rs bl gky esa d+Ct+
djrs gSa fd oks viuh tkuksa ij tq+Ye fd;s tk
jgs gksrs gSa lks oks ¼jksts+ d+;ker½ brkv+r o
Q+jeka cjnkjh dk bt+gkj djsaxs ¼vkSj dgsaxs fd½
ge ¼nqfu;k¡ esa½ dksbZ cqjkbZ ugha djrs Fks D;ksa
ugha cs'kd vYykg [kwc tkurk gS tks dqN rqe
fd;k djrs Fks il rqe nkst+[k+ ds njokt+ksa ls
nkf[k+y gks tkvks rqe mlesa ges'kk jgus okys gks
lks rdCcqj djus okyksa dk D;k gh cqjk fBdkuk
gSA ¼lw0&ug~y&16/27 rk 29½
bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&
ftl fnu t+kfyeksa dks mu dh ekv+t+jr Q+k;nk
u nsxh vkSj muds fy;s QVdkj gksxh vkSj
muds fy;s ¼nkst+[k+ dk½ cqjk ?kj gksxkA
¼lw0&eksfeu@x+kfQj&40/52½
 [159]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

tks 'k[+l mlls eq¡g Qsjsxk rks cs'kd oks d+;ker
ds fnu l[+r cks> mBk;sxk oks ml ¼v+t+kc½ eas
ges'kk jgsaxs vkSj muds fy;s d+;ker ds fnu
cgqr gh cqjk cks> gksxkA
¼lw0&rkgk&20/100,101½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj cgqr ls psgjs ml fnu ,sls gksaxs ftu ij
xnZ iM+h gksxh ¼et+hn½ mu ¼psgjksa½ ij fl;kgh
NkbZ gksxh ;gh yksx dkfQ+j o Q+kft+j ¼cn
fdjnkj½ gksaxsA
¼lw0&vcl&80/40 rk 42½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

¼ml fnu½ dbZ psgjs fl;kg gksaxs rks ftuds
psgjs fl;kg gks tk;saxs ¼rks muls dgk tk;sxk½
D;k rqeus bZeku ykus ds ckn dq¶+j fd;k rks tks
dq¶+j rqe djrs jgs Fks lks mlds v+t+kc ¼dk
et+k p[k yks½A
¼lw0&vkys bejku&3/106½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ml fnu fdrus gh psgjs t+yhy o [+okj gksaxs
eqlhcr >syrs gq;s Fkdu ls pwj gksaxs oks /kgdrh
gqbZ vkx esa tk fxjsaxs mUgsa [kkSyrs gq;s p'es ls
ikuh fiyk;k tk;sxk muds fy;s [k+kjnkj [kq'd
 [160]

t+gjhyh >kfM+;ksa ds flok dksbZ [kkuk u gksxk

¼;s [kkuk½ u mUgsa lsj djsxk vkSj u gh Hkwd
feVk;sxkA ¼lw0&x+kf'k;k&88/2 rk 7½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj ftUgksaus dq¶+j fd;k vkSj gekjh vk;rksa dks
>qByk;k rks mUgha yksxksa ds fy;s ft+Yyr vkest+
v+t+kc gksxkA ¼lw0&gt&22/57½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj ml fnu vki eqtfjeksa dks ta+thjksa esa
tdM+k gqvk ns[ksaxs muds fyckl xU/kd ¼;k ,sls
jksx+u½ ds gksaxs ¼tks vkx dks [kwc HkM+dkrk gS½
vkSj muds psgjksa dks vkx <+k¡i jgh gksxh rkfd
vYykg gj 'k[+l dks muds ¼vkv+eky½ dk
cnyk ns ns tks mlus dek j[ks gSa cs'kd vYykg
fglkc esa tYnh Q+jekus okyk gSA
¼lw0&bczkghe&14/49 rk 51½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

tks yksxksa ij tqYe djrs gSa vkSj t+ehu esa uk
gd+ ljd'kh o Q+lkn QSykrs gSa ,sls gh yksxksa
ds fy;s nnZukd v+t+kc gSA ¼lw0&'kwjk&42/42½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj vki mUgsa ns[ksaxs fd oks nkst+[k+ ij ft+Yyr
vkSj [k+kSQ+ ds lkFk lj >qdk;s gq;s is'k fd;s&
 [161]

tk;saxs ¼rks oks mls pksjh&pksjh½ Nqih fuxkgksa ls

ns[krs gksaxs vkSj bZeku okys dgsaxs cs'kd uqdlku
mBkus okys ogh yksx gSa ftUgksaus viuh tkuksa dks
vkSj vius vg~y o v+;ky dks d+;ker ds fnu
[k+lkjs esa M+ky fn;k ;kn j[kks cs'kd t+kfye
yksx nk;eh v+t+kc esa ¼eqfCryk½ jgsaxsA
¼lw0&'kwjk&42/45½

&% rhu fd+Le ds yksxksa ij vt+kc %&

gt+jr vcw t+j ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½
ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k rhu fd+Le ds yksxksa
ls vYykg rv+kyk d+;ker ds fnu dyke ugha
Q+jek;sxk vkSj u gh mudh rjQ+ ¼fuxkgs jger
ls½ ns[ksxk vkSj u gh mudks xqukgksa ls ikd
djsxk vkSj mudks l[+r v+t+kc gksxk vkSj vki
¼lYyYYkkgq v+ySfg olYye½ us ;s dfyekr rhu
ckj nksgjk;s fQj vki ls v+tZ+ fd;k x;k fd
oks dkSu yksx gSa rks vki ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k ¼rdCcqj ds ckbl½
V[k+uksa ls uhps diM+k yVdkus okyk vkSj nsdj
,glku trkus okyk vkSj >wBh d+le [kkdj
lkSnk cspus okykA ¼eqfLye&lgh&1/202-g0&293½
¼ulkbZ&lquu&2/167-g0&2567½
¼vcw nkÅn&lquu&5/168-g0&4087½
¼ulkbZ&lquu&3/556-g0&5339½
 [162]

&% rhu fj;kdkjksa dk cqjk vatke %&

gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd d+;ker ds fnu
ckjxkgs [kqnkoUnh esa ,d 'kghn is'k gksxk rks
vYykg rv+kyk mldks viuh usv+ersa 'kqekj
djk;sxk rks 'kghn mu reke usv+erksa dk bd+jkj
djsxk fQj vYykg rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk fd rqeus
dkSu lk v+ey fd;k ;kuh bu usverkssa ds 'kqØ
esa rks oks dgsxk ,s vYykg eSaus rsjh jkg esa
ftgkn fd;k ;gk¡ rd fd eSa 'kghn gks x;k fQj
gqDe gksxk fd rw >wBk gS cfYd rwus ftgkn bl
otg ls fd;k Fkk fd rw yksxksa esa cgknqj e'kgwj
gks tk;s vkSj e[k+ywd+ dgs fd Qqyka 'k[+l cM+k
cgknqj gS vkSj rsjh cgknqjh nqfu;k¡ esa e'kgwj gks
xbZ fQj ml 'kghn ds fy;s gqDe gksxk fd bls
nkst+[k+ esa ys tkvks rks Q+fj'rs mldks ?klhVrs
gq;s eq¡g ds cy nkst+[k+ esa Mky nsaxs

fQj oks 'k[+l is'k gksxk ftlus b+Yes nhu

lh[kk vkSj nwljksa dks fl[kk;k gksxk rks vYykg
rv+kyk mldks viuh usv+ersa 'kqekj djk;sxk rks
oks 'k[+l mu reke usv+erksa dk bd+jkj djsxk
fQj jc rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk fd rwus bu usv+erksa
ds cnys D;k vkv+eky vatke fn;s rks oks 'k[+l
 [163]

tokc nsxk ,s vYykg eaSus rsjs fy;s b+Ye lh[kk

vkSj fl[kk;k ml ij gqDe lquk;k tk;sxk fd
rw >wBk gS cfYd rwus b+Ye blfy;s lh[kk vkSj
fl[kk;k rkfd rw nqfu;k¡ esa v+kfye e'kgwj gks
tk;s vkSj rwus dq+jku bl otg ls i<+k rkfd
yksx rq>dks d+kjh dgsa vkSj rw bl uke ls
'kksgjr gkfly dj pqdk fQj ml 'k[+l dks
nkst+[k+ esa Mkyus dk gqDe gksxk rks Q+fj'rs
mldks ?klhVrs gq;s eq¡g ds cy nkst+[k+ dh vkx
esa Mky nsaxs vkSj oks 'k[+l nkst+[k+ dh vkx esa
tk fxjsxk

fQj oks 'k[+l gkft+j gksxk ftldks

vYykg rv+kyk us nqfu;k¡ esa eky o nkSyr v+rk
dh rks vYykg rv+kyk ml 'k[+l dks viuh
usv+ersa 'kqekj djk;sxk rks oks 'k[+l mu reke
usverksa dk bd+jkj djsxk fQj gqDe gksxk fd
rwus bu usv+erksa ds cnys D;k v+ey fd;s oks
'k[+l v+t+Z djsxk ,s vYykg eSaus rsjh jt+k vkSj
[kq'kuwnh gkfly djus ds fy;s eSus vius eky o
nkSyr dks rsjh jkg esa [k+pZ fd;k ml ij gqDe
gksxk fd rw >wBk gS cfYd rw l[k+h dgykus dh
otg ls [k+pZ djrk Fkk vkSj rw nqfu;k¡ esa l[k+h
e'kgwj gks x;k fQj ml 'k[+l dks nkst+[k+ esa
Mkyus dk gqDe gksxk rks Q+fj'rs mls ?klhVrs
gq;s eq¡g ds cy nkst+[k+ esa Mky nsaxsA
¼ulkbZ&lquu&2/349-g0&3142½
 [164]

&% reke ;ktwt ektwt nkst+[k+ esa %&

gt+jr vcw lbZn [kqnjh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk

v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd vYykg
rv+kyk d+;ker ds fnu Q+jek;sxk ,s vkne oks
v+tZ+ djsaxs fd ,s vYykg eSa gkft+j gw¡ vkSj bl
gkft+jh esa esjh lv+knr gS vkSj gj fd+Le dh
HkykbZ rsjs gh gkFk esa gS fQj vYykg rv+kyk
Q+jek;sxk ,s vkne nkst+[k+ dk y'dj vyx dj
nks rks vkne ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ v+tZ+ djsaxs fd
nkst+[k+ dk y'dj fdruk gS rks vYykg rv+kyk
Q+jek;sxk gj gt+kj esa ls ukS lkS fuUu;kuos
¼999½ ml oD+r [k+kSQ+ ds ckbl cPps cw<+s gks
tk;saxs vkSj gj gkeyk viuk gey fxjk nsxh
vkSj rqe yksxksa dks csgks'k gksrs ns[kksxs gkyk¡fd
oks csgks'k u gksaxs cfYd vYykg dk v+t+kc cM+k
l[+r gksxk lgkck us v+tZ+ fd;k ;k jlwyYykg
oks ,d 'k[+l ge esa ls dkSu gksxk rks vki
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
rqe [kq'k gks tkvks D;ksafd oks ,d 'k[+l rqe esa
ls gksxk vkSj ukS lkS fuUu;kuos ¼999½ ;ktwt
ektwt ds gksaxs uht+ Q+jek;k fd eSa mEehn
djrk gw¡ fd rqe vg~ys tUur dk fuLQ+ ¼vk/kk
fgLlk½ gksxsA ¼eqfLye&lgh&1/351-g0&532½
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&3/527-g0&3348, 6530½
 [165]

&% eht+ku dk c;ku %&

eht+ku ,d fd+Le dk rjktw gS ftl ij bUlkuksa

o ftUukas ds vkv+eky rkSys tk;saxs il ftldh
usfd;ksa dk iyM+k Hkkjh gksxk rks oks ,s'kks b'kjr
o eljZr ds lkFk tUur esa d+;ke it+hj gksxk
vkSj ftldk iyM+k gYdk jgsxk ;kuh ftldh
cqjkbZ;k¡ o xqukg T+;knk gksaxs mldk fBdkuk
nkst+[k+ gksxkA

&% d+;ker ds fnu e[k+ywd+ rhu

tekv+rksa esa rd+lhe gksxh %&
jkst+s d+;ker e[k+ywd+ rhu tekv+rksa esa rd+lhe
gksxh ,d oks gksaxs ftuds ikl dksbZ usdh u gksxh
rks tgUuqe ls ,d fl;kg xnZu fudysxh vkSj
mu yksxksa dks mpd ys tk;sxh vkSj oks tgUuqe
esa pys tk;asxs vkSj nwljh tekv+r eas oks yksx
gksaxs ftu ij dksbZ xqukg u gksxk rks ,d equknh
vkokt+ nsxk fd tks yksx gj gky esa vYykg dh
jt+k ij jkth jgs vkSj lcz o 'kqØ ij d+k;e
jgs vkSj xqukgksa ls cprs jgs vkSj usd vkv+eky
djrs jgs oks yksx [kM+s gks tk;s vkSj tUur dh
rjQ+ py iM+s vkSj rhljh tekv+r esa oks yksx
gksaxs ftudh usfd;k¡ o xqukg feys tqys gkasxs
ysfdu mUgsa ekv+ywe u gksxk fd muds xqukg&
 [166]

T+;knk gS ;k mudh usfd;k¡ T+;knk gS rks mudks

;s ckr crkus ds fy;s vYykg rv+kyk eht+ku
d+k;e Q+jek;sxk gkyk¡fd vYykg rv+kyk ls
dksbZ ckr Nqih ugha gS oks gj xS+c dk tkuus
okyk vkSj gj t+kfgj o iks'khnk dk tkuus okyk
v+kfyeqy xS+c gS exj oks yksxksa dks muds xqukg
o usfd;ksa ds de ;k T+;knk gksus dh igpku
djk;sxk rkfd eqv+kQ+h ds oD+r mldk Q+T+yks
dje t+kfgj gks vkSj v+t+kc ds oD+r mldk
v+n~y o bUlkQ+ t+kfgj gks rkfd dksbZ ;s u dgs
fd esjs lkFk bUlkQ+ ugha gqvk vkSj yksxksa dh
vk¡[ksa ml rjktw ij yxh gksaxh o fny dk¡i jgs
gksaxs vkSj ;s oD+r fugk;r [k+kSQ+ dk oD+r gksxkA

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

tc okd+Sv+ gksus okyh ¼d+;ker½ okdS+v+ gks
tk;sxh ml ds okd+Sv+ gksus esa dksbZ >wB ugha gS
¼oks d+;ker fdlh dks½ iLr dj nsus okyh
¼vkSj fdlh dks½ cqyUn dj nsus okyh gS tc
t+ehu daidik dj 'knhn yjt+us yxsxh vkSj
igkM+ VwV dj jst+k jst+k gks tk;saxs fQj oks
xqckj cudj eqUrf'kj gks tk;saxs vkSj rqe yksx
rhu fd+Leksa eas caV tkvksxs lks ¼,d½ nk¡;h
tkfuc okys nk¡;h tkfuc okykas dk D;k dguk
vkSj ¼nwljs½ ck¡;h tkfuc okys D;k ¼gh cqjs gky
esa gksaxs½ ck¡;h tkfuc okys vkSj ¼rhljs½ lcd+r
ys tkus okys oks rks lcd+r djus okys gh gSa&
 [167]

;gh yksx ¼vYykg ds½ eqd+jZc gksaxs usv+erksa ds

ckx+kr esa jgsaxsA ¼lw0&okD+v+k&56/1 rk 12½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

il oks 'k[+l dh ftl ¼ds vkv+eky½ ds iyM+s
Hkkjh gksaxs rks oks [kq'k xokj ,s'k o eljZr esa
gksxk vkSj ftl 'k[+l ds ¼vkv+eky ds½ iyM+s
gYds gksaxs rks mldk fBdkuk gkfo;k ¼nkst+[k+ dk
x<+k½ gksxk vkSj vki D;k tkurs gS fd gkfo;k
D;k gS ¼oks nkst+[k+ dh½ l[+r ngdrh vkx ¼dk
bfUrgkbZ xgjk x<+k½ gSA
¼lw0&d+kfj;k&101/6 rk 11½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj ml fnu ¼vkv+eky dk½ rkSyk tkuk gd+
gS lks ftuds ¼usfd;kas ds½ iyM+s Hkkjh gksaxs rks
ogh yksx dke;kc gksaxs vkSj ftuds ¼usfd;ksa ds½
iyM+s gYds gksaxs rks ;gh oks yksx gSa ftUgksaus
viuh tkuksa dks uqdlku igq¡pk;k bl otg ls
fd oks gekjh vk;rksa ds lkFk tqYe djrs FksA
¼lw0&vkv+jkQ+&7/8,9½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

il ftuds iyM+s ¼T+;knk vkv+eky ds ckbl½
Hkkjh gksaxs rks ogh yksx dke;kc o dkejku gksaxs
vkSj ftuds iyM+s ¼vkv+eky dk ot+u u gksus
ds ckbl½ gYds gkasxs rks ;gh yksx gSa ftUgksaus&
 [168]

vius vki dks uqdlku igq¡pk;k oks ges'kk

nkst+[k+ eas jgus okys gSaS muds psgjksa dks vkx
>qyl nsxh vkSj mlesa mudh lwjrsa fcxM+ tk;asxh
¼fQj muls dgk tk;sxk½ D;k rqe ij esjh
vk;rsa i<+dj ugha lquk;h tkrh Fkha fQj rqe
mls >qVyk;k djrs Fks oks dgsaxs ,s gekjs jc ge
ij gekjh cnc[+rh x+kfyc vk x;h Fkh vkSj ge
;d+huu xqejkg d+kSe Fks ,s gekjs jc rw gesa ;gk¡
ls fudky ns fQj vxj ge nksckjk ogh dke
djsa rks cs'kd ge t+kfye gkasxs bj'kkn gksxk vc
blh esa ft+Yyr ds lkFk iM+s jgks vkSj eq>ls
ckr u djks cs'kd esjs cUnksa esa ls ,d rcd+k
,slk Hkh Fkk tks ¼esjs gqtwj½ v+t+Z fd;k djrk Fkk
,s gekjs jc ge bZeku ys vk;s gaS il rw gesa
c[+'k ns vkSj ge ij jge Q+jeka vkSj rw gh
lcls csgrj jge Q+jekus okyk gS rks rqe
mudk et+kd mM+k;k djrs Fks ;gk¡ rd fd mUgha
¼ds lkFk NsM+ NkM+½ us rqEgsa esjh ;kn rd ls
x+kfQ+y dj fn;k vkSj rqe mudh galh mM+krs
jgs cs'kd vkt eSaus mUgsa muds lcz dk tks oks
djrs jgs ;s flyk v+rk Q+jek;k gS fd oks
dke;kc gks x;sA
¼lw0&eqfeuwu&23/102 rk 111½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj ge d+;ker ds fnu v+n~y o bUlkQ+ ds
rjktw j[k nsaxs lks fdlh tku ij dksbZ tqYe u
 [169]

fd;k tk;sxk vkSj vxj ¼fdlh dk v+ey½ jkbZ

ds nkus ds cjkcj Hkh gksxk rks ge mls Hkh
gkft+j dj nsaxs vkSj ge fglkc djus dks dkQ+h
gSaA ¼lw0&vfEc;k&21/47½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkt ds fnu gj tku dks mldh dek;h dk
cnyk fn;k tk;sxk vkt dksbZ uk bUlkQ+h u
gksxh cs'kd vYykg cgqr tYn fglkc ysus okyk
gSA ¼lw0&x+kfQ+j@eksfeu&40/17½

dyek , 'kgknr ehtk+u ij Hkkjh gkx

s k
gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq
rv+kyk v+Ugqek½ ls fjok;r gS fd jlwys vdje
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
jkst+s d+;ker esjh mEer esa ls ,d 'k[+l dks
iqdkjk tk;sxk vkSj mlds lkFk fuUu;kuos ¼99½
n¶+rj ¼vkv+eky ukeksa ds½ j[k fn;s tk;saxs vkSj
gj n¶+rj bruk cM+k gksxk fd tgk¡ rd fuxkg
tk;s fQj vYykg rv+kyk mlls iwNsxk D;k rw
buesa ls fdlh v+ey dk bUdkjh gS rks oks v+t+Z
djsxk ugha fQj vYykg rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk D;k
esjs d+kfrc ¼Q+fj'rksa us½ rq> ij dksbZ tqYe
fd;k gS oks dgsxk ugha fQj vYykg rv+kyk
Q+jek;sxk D;k rsjs ikl dksbZ usdh gS oks dgsxk
,s esjs jc esjs ikl rks dksbZ usd v+ey ugha gS
 [170]

fQj vYykg rvkyk Q+jek;sxk fd vkt ds fnu

rq> ij dksbZ T+;knrh ugha dh tk;sxh vkSj rsjh
cgqr lh usfd;k¡ esjs ikl ekStwn gSa fQj ,d
dkxt+ fudkyk tk;sxk ftl ij v'kgnq vu yk
bykgk bYyYykgw o v'kgnq vUuk eqgEenu
v+Cnqgw o jlwywg fy[kk gksxk oks 'k[+l dgsxk fd
esjs brus lkjs vkv+eky ukeksa ds eqd+kcys ;s
,d dkxt+ esjs D;k dke vk;sxk fQj ,d iyM+s
esa lc n¶+rj ¼mlds vkv+eky ukes½ j[k fn;s
tk;saxs vkSj nwljs iyM+s esa oks dkxt+ j[k fn;k
tk;sxk rks oks lc n¶+rj dk iyM+k mB tk;sxk
vkSj ,d dkxt+ dk iyM+k >qd tk;sxkA
¼bCus ektk&lquu&3/403-g0&4300½
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/417-g0&2639½
 [171]

&% gkSt+s dkSlj dk c;ku %&

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

cs'kd geus vkidks ¼gj [kS+j o Q+thyr esa½ cs
bfUrgka dljr c[+'kh gSA
¼lw0&dkSlj&108/1½

ot+kgr& dkSlj ls eqjkn gkSts+ dkSlj ;k ugjs

tUur Hkh gS vkSj dqjku o ucwor o fgder
Hkh gS vkSj Qt+kby o eqv+ftt+kr dh dljr
;k mEer dh dljr Hkh eqjkn yh xbZ gS vkSj
fjQ+v+rs ft+Ø vkSj [kq+yd+s v+t+he Hkh eqjkn gS
vkSj nqfu;k¡ o vkf[k+jr dh usv+ersa Hkh gSa vkSj
uqljrs bykfg;k vkSj dljrs Qqrwgkr Hkh eqjkn
gSa vkSj jkst+s d+;ker ed+kes egewn o 'kQ+kv+rs
m+T+ek Hkh eqjkn fy;k x;k gSA

gt+jr vul ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls

fjok;r gS fd gqtwj ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye½ dks vkSa?k vk xbZ fQj vki eqLdqjkrs
gq;s mBs rks lgkck fdjke us v+t+Z fd;k fd
vki D;ksa eqLdqjk;s rks vki ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd eq> ij vHkh&
vHkh ,d lwjr ukft+y gqbZ gS fQj vkius i<+k
^^bUuk vkv+rSuk dy dkSlj----** tc vki
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us bls iwjk&
 [172]

i<+ fy;k rks Q+jek;k D;k rqe tkurs gks dkSlj

D;k gS lgkck us v+t+Z fd;k fd vYykg vkSj
mldk jlwy csgrj tkurs gSa vkius Q+jek;k ;s
,d ugj gS tks esjs jc us eq>s tUur esa nsus
dk okv+nk Q+jek;k gS vkSj bl ij dlhj [kS+j
gksxh bl ij esjk gkSt+ gksxk ftl ij d+;ker
ds fnu esjh mEer ds yksx vk;saxs vkSj blds
ihus ds crZu flrkjksa dh rkv+nkn ls Hkh T+;knk
gksaxsA ¼vcw nkÅn&lquu&6/601-g0&4747½

gt+jr vul ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls

fjok;r gS fd jlwys vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k tc eq>s esv+jkt
gqbZ rks eSa ,d ugj ds fdukjs ij igq¡pk ftlds
nksuksa fdukjksa ij [kksynkj [k+Ses yxs gq;s Fks eSaus
iwNk ,s ftcjbZy ;s ugj dSlh gS rks mUgksaus
crk;k fd ;s dkSlj gS tks vYykg rv+kyk us
vkidks v+rk Q+jekbZ gSA
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&4/889-g0&4964½

gt+jr vcw lbZn [kqnjh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk

v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k esjk gkSt+
bruk cM+k gS fd mldk Q+klyk cSrqy eqd+n~nl
ls dkv+ck eqvT+t+ek rd gS vkSj mldk ikuh
nw/k dh rjg lQs+n vkSj 'kgn ls T+;knk ehBk gS
vkSj mlds lksus o pk¡nh ds crZuksa dh rkv+nkn&
 [173]

vkleku ds flrkjksa ls Hkh T+;kknk gSa ml gkSt+

ij esjh mEer ds yksx tks esjs rkcsnkj gSa oks
vk;saxs vkSj esjs gkSt+ ls fi;saxs vkSj tks 'k[+l
ml gkSt+ esa ls ,d ?kw¡V Hkh fi;sxk mls fQj
dHkh I;kl u yxsxh vkSj esjs gkSt+ ij lcls
igys esjh mEer ds Qqd+jk o eqgkftjhu vkSj
eSys dqpSys diM+ksa okys vk;saxs lgkck us v+tZ+
fd;k ;k jlwyYykg vki ge yksxksa dks ¼;kuh
viuh mEer ds yksxksa dks½ igpku ysaxs rks vki
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
gk¡ rqEgkjs eq¡g vkSj gkFk lQ+sn gksaxs oqtw ds
fu'kku ls vkSj ;s fu'kku fdlh vkSj mEer ds
u gksaxsA ¼bCus ektk&3/403-g0&4301,4302,4303½
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/261-g0&2444½
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&6/120-g0&6579½
¼eqfLye&lgh&1/371-g0&581½

gt+jr vcw t+j ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k esjs gkSt+ ds crZu
vkleku ds flrkjksa dh rkv+nkn ls T+;knk gSa
vkSj tks blls fi;sxk vkSj oks dHkh I;klk u
gksxk bl gkSt+ esa tUur ds nks ijukys cgrs gSa
bl gkSt+ dh yEckbZ pkSM+kbZ cjkcj gS bldk
ikuh nw/k lss T+;knk lQs+n vkSj 'kgn ls T+;knk
ehBk gSA ¼eqfLye&lgh&6/25-g0&5989½
¼ulkbZ&lquu&1/366-g0&907½
 [174]

gt+jr bCus m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqek½

ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k dkSlj tUur esa
,d ugj gS mlds nksuksa fdukjs lksus ds cus gq;s
gSa vkSj ikuh cgus ds ed+ke esa ;kdwr vkSj
eksrh gSa mldh feV~Vh eq'd ls T+;knk [kq'cwnkj
gS vkSj mldk ikuh 'kgn ls T+;knk ehBk gS
vkSj cQZ+ ls T+;knk lQ+sn gSA
¼bCus ektk&lquu&3/416-g0&4334½

gt+jr tqUnc ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls

fjok;r gS fd jlwys vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k eSa gkSts+ dkSlj ij
rqEgkjk is'k [kS+ek gksšxk ;kuh vkxs tkdj
rqEgkjs vkus dk eqUrft+j jgw¡xk vkSj rqEgkjs
fiykus dk lkeku nqjqLr d#¡xkA
¼eqfLye&lgh&6/20-g0&5966½

&% gkst+s dkSlj ij dqN yksx

jksd fn;s tk;saxs %&
gt+jr vul ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls
fjok;r gS fd uch vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ dks vkSa?k vk xbZ fQj vki
eqLdqjkrs gq;s mBs rks lgkck fdjke us v+tZ+
fd;k ;k jlwyYykg vki D;ksa eqLdqjk;s rks vki
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Qjek;k&
 [175]

fd eq> ij vHkh&vHkh ,d lwjr ukft+y gqbZ gS

fQj vkius i<+k ^^bUuk vkv+rSuk dy dkSlj--**
tc vki ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us
bls iwjk i<+ fy;k rks Q+jek;k D;k rqe tkurs
gks dkSlj D;k gS lgkck us v+tZ+ fd;k vYykg
vkSj mldk jlwy csgrj tkurs gSa fQj vkius
Q+jek;k ;s ,d ugj gS tks esjs jc us eq>s
tUur esa nsus dk okv+nk Q+jek;k gS vkSj bl
ij esjk gkSt+ gksxk ftl ij d+;ker ds fnu
esjh mEer ds yksx vk;saxs vkSj blds ihus ds
crZu flrkjksa dh rkv+nkn ls Hkh T+;knk gksaxs
fQj ,d 'k[+l mlesa ls ckgj [khapk tk;sxk rks
eSa dgw¡xk ,s esjs jc ;s rks esjh mEer esa ls gS
fQj vYykg rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk ¼,s egcwc½ vki
ugha tkurs fd vkids ckn tks blus fd;k gS
¼;kuh nhu ls fQj x;k vkSj 'kjhv+rs bLyke ds
f[k+ykQ+ dke fd;s½ fQj eSa dgw¡xk rw nwj gks rw
nwj gks ftlus esjs ckn viuk nhu cny fy;kA
¼ulkbZ&lquu&2/306-g0&907½

gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu elÅ+n ¼jft+vYykgq

rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd ljojs dk;ukr
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
eSa vius gkSt+ ij rqels igys ekStwn jgw¡xk vkSj
rqe esa ls dqN yksx esjs lkeus yk;s tk;sxs fQj
mUgsa esjs lkeus ls gVk fn;k tk;sxk rks eSa
dgw¡xk ,s esjs jc ;s rks esjs lkFkh gSa rks eq>ls&
 [176]

dgk tk;sxk ¼,s egcwc½ vki ugha tkurs fd

bUgksaus vkids ckn nhu esa D;k D;k ubZ ubZ
phtsa+ bZt+kn dj yh Fkha fQj eSa dgw¡xk nwjh gks
ml 'k[+l ds fy;s ftlus esjs ckn nhu esa
rCnhyh dj yh FkhA
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&6/118-g0&6576½
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&6/121-g0&6584½

gt+jr vcw gkft+e ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k eSa gkSt+s dkSlj ij
rqEgkjk is'k [k+Sek gksÅ¡xk vkSj tks ogk¡ vk;sxk
vkSj esjs ml gkSt+ ls fi;sxk rks fQj oks dHkh
I;klk u jgsxk vkSj esjs lkeus dqN yksx vk;saxs
tks eqq>s igpkurs gksaxs vkSj eSa mUgsa igpkurk
gksšxk fQj oks esjs ikl vkus ls jksd fn;s
tk;saxs fQj eSa dgw¡xk ,s esjs jc ;s rks esjs yksx
gaS rks tokc feysxk fd vki ugha tkurs tks
bUgkasus vkids ckn fd;k gS ¼;kuh dkfQ+j ;k
equkfQ+d+ ;k [k+kjth½ gks x;s rks fQj eSa dgw¡xk
fd nwj gks nwj gks ftlus esjs ckn viuk nhu
cny fy;k FkkA
¼eqfLye&lgh&6/21-g0&5968,5969½
 [177]

jkst+s d+;ker gqtwj ¼v+ySfgLlyke½

dk ed+ke o bT+t+rks bdjke

gt+jr vul ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls

fjok;r gS fd jlwys vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd tc yksx d+czksa
ls mBk;s tk;saxs rks lcls igys eSa viuh d+cz
ls ckgj vkšxk vkSj tc reke yksx ckjxkgs
[kqnk oUnh esa bdB~Bs gksaxs rks eSa gh mudk is'kok
gksšxk vkSj eSa mudk [k+rhc gksšxk vkSj tc
lc yksx [k+keks'k gksaxs vkSj vYykg rv+kyk ls
dksbZ Hkh dyke u dj ldsxk rks eSa gh mudh
'kQ+kv+r d#¡xk vkSj tc yksx ek;wl gks tk;saxs
rks eSa gh mudks [kq'k[k+cjh nsus okyk gksšxk ml
fnu cqtqxhZ vkSj jger dh pkfc;k¡ esjs gh gkFk
esa gksaxh vkSj esjs gh gkFk esa gEns bykgh dk
>.Mk gksxk vkSj eSa gh vius jc ds gqtwj reke
vkSykns vkne esa lcls T+;knk eqdjZe o cqtqxZ
gw¡ vkSj ml fnu esjs fxnZ ,d gt+kj [kqn~nke
rokQ+ dj jgs gksaxs oks xnZ o xqckj ls egQwt+
lQ+sn [kwclwjr fc[kjs gq;s eksrh yx jgs gkasxsA
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/1016-g0&3610½
¼nkjeh lquu&1/102-g0&49½
 [178]

gt+jr bCus v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk

v+Ugqek½ ls fjok;r gS jlwys vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k eSa vYykg
dk gchc gw¡ ysfdu eq>s bl ij dksbZ Q+[+j ugha
vkSj eSa jksts+ d+;ker gEn dk >.Mk mBkšxk
vkSj eq>s bl ij dksbZ Q+[+j ugha vkSj eSa igyk
'kQ+hv+ ¼'kQ+kv+r djus okyk½ gw¡ vkSj eq>s bl
ij dksbZ Q+[+j ugha vkSj eSa igyk oks 'k[+l gw¡
tks tUur dh dqUMh [kV [kVkšxk vkSj eq>s bl
ij dksbZ Q+[+j ugha vkSj vYykg rv+kyk tUur
dks esjs fy;s [kksy nsxk vkSj eq>s mlesa nkf[k+y
Q+jek;sxk vkSj esjs lkFk Qqd+jk eksfeuhu gkasxs
vkSj eq>s bl ij dksbZ Q+[+j ugha vkSj eSa gh
reke vOoyhu o vkf[k+jhu esa lcls T+;knk
eqdjZe o eqgrje gw¡ vkSj eq>s bl ij dksbZ
Q+[+j ughaA ¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/1018-g0&3616½
¼nkjeh&lquu&1/100-g0&48½

gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd eSa lcls igyk
'k[+l gw¡ ftldh t+ehu ¼d+cz½ 'kd+ gksxh fQj
eq>s tUur ds tksM+ks esa ls ,d tksM+k iguk;k
tk;sxk fQj eSa v+'kZ dh nk¡;h tkfuc [kM+k
gksšxk vkSj ml eqd+ke ij e[k+ywd+kr esa ls esjs
flok dksbZ [kM+k u gksxkA
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/1017-g0&3612½
 [179]

vYykg rv+kyk gqtwj ¼v+ySfgLlyke½

dks ed+kes egewn ij Q+kbt+ Q+jek;sxk

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

;d+huu vkidk jc vkidks ed+kes egewn ij
Q+kbt+ Q+jek;sxkA ¼lw0&cuh bljkbZy&17/79½

gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu elÅ+n ¼jft+vYykgq

rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd jlwys vdje
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
fd eSa jksts+ d+;ker ed+kes egewn ij [kM+k
fd;k tkšxk rks ,d vUlkjh us v+t+Z fd;k ;k
jlwyYykg ed+kes egewn ls D;k eqjkn gS rks
vki ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us
Q+jek;k ftl fnu rqEgas uaxs ik¡o o uaxs cnu
vkSj xS+j e[k+rwu ¼cxS+j [k+Ruk½ ds tekv+ fd;k
tk;sxk il ml fnu lcls igys ftls fyokl
iguk;k tk;sxk oks gt+jr bczkghe v+ySfgLlyke
gksaxs fQj vYykg rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk ,s Q+fj'rks
esjs [k+yhy dks fyokl igukvks il nks lQ+sn
eqyk;e diM+s yk;s tk;saxs il gt+jr bczkghe
¼v+ySfgLlyke½ mUgsa tS+cs ru Q+jek;saxs fQj oks
v+'kZ dh tkfuc jq[k+ djds r'kjhQ+ Q+jeka gksaxs
fQj muds ckn eq>s fyokl ykdj fn;k tk;sxk
rks eSa mls iguw¡xk fQj eSa v+'kZ dh nk¡;h tkfuc
,sls ed+kes vjQ+kv+ ¼fugk;r cqyUn½ ij [kM+k&
 [180]

gksÅ¡xk tgk¡ esjs flok dksbZ vkSj ugha gksxk vkSj

eq> ij reke vOoyhu o vkf[k+jhu j'd djsaxs
¼gkfde&vy eqLrnjd&3/296-g0&3385½
¼nkjeh&lquu&2/509-g0&2842½
¼rcjkuh&eqv+te dchj&10/98-g0&10017½
¼vgen fcu gEcy&vyeqLun&1/572-g0&3786½

gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq

rv+kyk v+Ugqek½ ls fjok;r gS oks Q+jekrs gSa fd
d+;ker ds fnu lc yksx fxjksg nj fxjksg gks
tk;saxs vkSj gj mEer vius vius uch ds ihNs
gksxh vkSj v+t+Z djsxh ,s Qqyka 'kQ+kv+r Q+jekb;s
;gk¡ rd fd 'kQ+kv+r dh ckr vki ¼lYyYYkkgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ ij vkdj [k+Re gksxh
il ml jkst+ vYykg rv+kyk 'kQ+kv+r ds fy;s
vki ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ dks
ed+kes egewn ij Q+kbt+ Q+jek;sxkA
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&4/646-g0&4718½
¼ulkbZ&lquu dqcjk&6/381-g0&295½

gqtwj ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ reke vfEc;k

fdjke ds beke gksaxs vkSj lc
vfEc;k gqtwj ds >.Ms ds uhps gksaxs
gt+jr mcbZ fcu dv+c ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk
v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk&
 [181]

v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k d+;ker ds fnu eSa

lkjs vfEc;k dk beke o mudk [k+rhc gksšxk
vkSj mudh ‘kQ+kv+r djus okyk gksÅ¡xk vkSj eSa
;s Q+[+j ds fy;s ugha dgrk cfYd gd+ rv+kyk
us eq>s ;s usv+er v+rk Q+jekbZ gS mldks eSa
t+kfgj djrk gw¡A
¼bCus ektk&lquu&3/410-g0&4314½

gt+jr vcw lbZn [kqnjh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk

v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk
v+ySg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd d+;ker ds fnu
eSa ¼reke½ vkSykns vkne dk d+kbn ¼ljnkj½
gksÅ¡xk vkSj eq>s ¼bl ij½ Q+[+j ugha vkSj gEn
dk >.Mk esjs gkFk esa gksxk vkSj eq>s bl ij
Q+[+j ugha vkSj gt+jr vkne ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ o
reke vfEc;k fdjke ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ ml fnu
esjs >.Ms ds uhps gksaxs vkSj eq>s ¼bl ij½ dksbZ
Q+[+j ugha vkSj eSa oks ‘k[+l gksÅ¡xk ftlds
fy;s lcls igys t+ehu ‘kd+ gksxh vkSj eq>s
¼bl ij½ dksbZ Q+[+j ugha fQj vki ¼lYyYykgq
rv+kyk v+ySg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd yksx
rhu ckj [k+kSQ t+nk gksaxs fQj oks gt+jr vkne
¼v+ySfgLlyke½ dh f[k+ner esa gkft+j gksdj
‘kQ+kv+r dh nj[+okLr djsaxs fQj nhxj vfEc;k&
fdjke ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ ds ikl tkdj nj[+okLr
djsaxs fQj fcy vkf[k+j yksx esjs ikl vk;saxs
vkSj eSa muds lkFk ¼mudh ‘kQ+kv+r ds fy;s½&
 [182]

pyw¡xk jkoh dgrs gSa gt+jr vul ¼jft+vYykgq

r+vkyk v+Ugq½ us Q+jek;k xks;k fd eSa vc Hkh
gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ dks
ns[k jgk gw¡ fd vki ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+yfSg
olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd eSa tUur ds njokt+s
dh ta+thj [kV [kVkšxk fQj iwNk tk;sxk dkSu
rks tokc fn;k tk;sxk gt+jr eqgEen eqLrQ+k
¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ pquk¡pk oks
eq>s [kq’k vkenhn dgrs gq;s esjs fy;s njokt+k
[kksysaxs fQj eSa ¼ckjxkgs bykgh esa½ lTnk jst+ gks
tkšxk rks vYykg rv+kyk eq> ij viuh gEnks
luk dk dqN fgLlk bRrykv+ Q+jek;sxk fQj
eq>ls dgk tk;sxk lj mBk;sa ek¡xs v+rk fd;k
tk;sxk vkSj ‘kQ+kv+r dhft;s vkidh ‘kQ+kv+r
dqcwy dh tk;sxh vkSj dfg;s vkidh ckr lquh
tk;sxh fQj vki ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye½ us Q+jek;k ;gh oks ed+kes egewn gS
ftlds ckjs esa vYykg rv+kyk us Q+jek;k gS
fd ;d+huu vkidk jc vkidks ed+kes egewn
ij Q+kbt+ Q+jek;sxkA
¼lw0&cuh bljkbZy&17/79½
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/713-g0&3148½
¼bCus ektk&lquu&3/406-g0&4308½
¼bCus fgCcku&lgh&14/398-g0&4678½
¼vgen fcu gEcy&vy eqLun&5/4-g0&11000½
 [183]

&% 'kQ+kv+r dk c;ku %&

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ml fnu yksx 'kQ+kv+r ds ekfyd u gksaxs flok,
muds ftUgksaus ¼[kqnk;s½ jgeku ls okv+nk
¼'kQ+kv+r½ ys fy;k gSA ¼lw0&ej;e&19/87½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj ml fnu ls Mjks ftl fnu dksbZ tku fdlh
nwljs dh rjQ+ ls dqN cnyk u ns ldsxh vkSj
u mldh rjQ+ ls ¼fdlh ,sls 'k[+l dh½ dksbZ
f'kQ+kfj'k dqcwy dh tk;sxh ¼ftls bT+us bykgh
gkfly u gksxk½ vkSj u mldh rjQ+ ls ¼tku
NqM+kus ds fy;s½ dksbZ eqv+kot+k dqcwy fd;k
tk;sxk vkSj u ¼vEjs bykgh ds f[k+ykQ+½ mudh
enn dh tk;sxhA ¼lw0&cd+jkg&2/48½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

dkSu ,slk 'k[+l gS tks mlds gqtwj mlds bT+u
ds cxS+j flQ+kfj'k dj lds ¼lw0&cd+jkg&2/255½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ml fnu 'kQ+kv+r lwn eUn u gksxh flok;s ml
'k[+l ¼dh flQ+kfj'k½ ds ftls ¼[kqnk;s½ jgeku
us bT+u ¼o btkt+r½ ns nh gS vkSj ftldh ckr
ls oks jkt+h gks x;k gSA ¼lw0&rkgk&20/109½
 [184]

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

¼vkSj½ mlds gqtwj mldh btkt+r ds cxS+j dksbZ
flQ+kfj'k djus okyk ughaA ¼lw0&;wuql&10/3½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

vkSj mldh ckjxkg esa 'kQ+kv+r uQ+v+ u nsxh
flok;s mlds ftlds gd+ esa mlus bT+u fn;k
gksxkA ¼lw0&lck&34/23½

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS %&

ftl fnu ftcjbZy vkSj reke Q+fj'rs lQ+
cLrk [kM+s gksaxs ¼vkSj½ dksbZ yc dq'kkbZ u dj
ldsxk flok;s ml 'k[+l ds ftls [kqnk;s jgeku
us bT+us ¼'kQ+kv+r½ ns j[kk gSA ¼lw0&uck&78/38½

gt
q jw ¼vy+ fSgLlyke½ ‘kQk+vr + Qj+ ek;x as s
vkjS nkt
s [+ k+ ls ykx
s kas dks ckgj fudkyx as s
gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½
ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk
v+ySg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd eSa jkst+s d+;ker
reke bUlkuksa dk ljnkj gw¡ vYykg rv+kyk
vxyksa vkSj fiNyksa dks ,d pV;y eSnku esa
tekv+ Q+jek;sxk vkSj lwjt muds cgqr ut+nhd
vk tk;sxk ml oD+r ckv+t+ yksx dgsaxs D;k rqe
ugha ns[krs fd rqe fdl gky esa gks vkSj fdl
eqlhcr esa eqfCryk gks lks ,sls ‘k[+l dks ryk’k&
 [185]

D;ksa ugha djrs tks rqEgkjs jc ds gqtwj rqEgkjh

‘kQ+kv+r djs ckv+t+ yksx dgsaxs rqe lcds cki
rks gt+jr vkne ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ gSa rqe muds
ikl tkvks fQj oks mudh f[k+ner esa gkft+j
gksdj v+t+Z djsaxs ,s l¸;nuk vkne vki vcqy
c’kj gSa D;k vki vius jc ds gqtwj gekjh
‘kQ+kv+r ugha Q+jek;saxs D;k vki ugha ns[krs fd
ge fdl eqlhcr esa fxj¶+rkj gS vkSj ge fdl
gky dks igq¡p x;s gSa fQj vkne ¼v+ySfgLlyke½
Q+jek;saxs fd esjk jc vkt bruk x+t+c ukd gS
fd bruk x+t+c ukd u oks igys gqvk Fkk vkSj
u dHkh ckn esa gksxk eq>s mlus ,d nj[+r ls
euk Q+jek;k Fkk rks eq>ls mlds gqDe esa
yx+ft+’k gqbZ fygkt+k eq>s viuh fQ+Ø gS rqe
fdlh nwljs ds ikl pys tkvks vkSj rqe gt+jr
uwg ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ ds ikl tkvks

rc yksx gt+jr uwg ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ dh

ckjxkg esa gkft+j gksdj v+t+Z djsaxs ,s l¸;nuk
uwg ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ vki vgys t+ehu ds lcls
igys jlwy gSa vkSj vYykg rv+kyk us vkidk
uke ‘kdwj ¼’kqØ xqt+kj cUnk½ j[kk gS fQj yksx
muds ikl tk;saxs vkSj dgsaxs fd D;k vki
ugha ns[krs fd ge fdl elkbcks vkyke esa
fxj¶+rkj gSa D;k vki vius jc ds gqtwj gekjh
‘kQ+kv+r ugha Q+jek;saxs rc l¸;nuk gt+jr uwg
¼v+ySfgLlyke½ Q+jek;saxs esjs jc us vkt x+t+c
 [186]

dk oks bt+gkj Q+jek;k gS fd blls igys ,slk

bt+gkj dHkh ugha Q+jek;k Fkk vkSj u vkbUnk
,slk bt+gkj Q+jek;sxk eq>s [kqn viuh fQ+Ø gS
rqe fdlh vkSj ds ikl pys tkvks fQj blh
rjg yksx nhxj vfEc;k gt+jr bczkghe] gt+jr
ewlk] gt+jr bZlk ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ oxS+jkg ds
ikl tk;saxs vkSj blh rjg dk oks u esa tckc
ik;saxs fcy vkf[k+j mUgsa dgk tk;sxk fd rqe
gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySg olYye½ dh
f[k+ners vd+nl esa tkvks fQj vki ¼lYyYykgq
rv+kyk v+ySg olYye½ us Q+jek;k&

fQj yksx esjs ikl vk;saxs rks eSa v+’kZ

ds uhps ckjxkgs bykgh esa lTnk d#¡xk vkSj
¼vYykg rv+kyk dh rjQ+ ls½ Q+jek;k tk;sxk
,s eqgEen ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySg olYye½
viuk lj mBkvks vkSj ‘kQ+kv+r djks vkidh
‘kQ+kv+r dqcwy dh tk;sxh vkSj ek¡xks vkidks
v+rk fd;k tk;sxk vkSj vkidh ckr lquh tk;sxh
fQj eSa v+t+Z d#¡xk ,s esjs jc esjh mEer&esjh
mEer dgk tk;sxk tkvks nkst+[k+ ls mu yksxksa
dks fudky ykvks ftuds fnyksa esa ,d tkS ds
cjkcj bZeku gS fQj eSa tkšxk vkSj rkv+ehys
gqDe d#¡xk fQj eSa okil vkÅ¡xk o rkv+jhQ+h
dfyekr ls vYykg rv+kyk dh gEn o luk
d#¡xk vkSj vYykg rv+kyk ds gqtwj lTns esa
 [187]

fxj tkšxk fQj eq>ls dgk tk;sxk viuk lj

mBkvks vkSj dgks vkidh ckr lquh tk;sxh vkSj
loky djks vkidk loky iwjk fd;k tk;sxk
vkSj flQ+kfj’k djks vkidh flQ+kfj’k dqcwy dh
tk;sxh eSa v+t+Z d#¡xk ,s esjs jc esjh mEer&
esjh mEer eq>ls dgk tk;sxk tkvks mu yksxksa
dks nkst+[k+ ls fudky ykvks ftuds fnyksa esa t+jkZ
;k jkbZ ds nkus ds cjkcj Hkh bZeku gS pqukapk
eSa tkÅ¡xk vkSj rkv+ehys gqDe d#¡xk fQj eSa
okil vkšxk vkSj rkv+jhQ+h dfyekr ls jc
rv+kyk dh gEn o luk d#¡xk vkSj vYykg
rv+kyk ds gqtwj lTns esa fxj tkšxk

fQj eq>ls dgk ¼tk;sxk½ viuk lj

mBkvks dgks vkidh ckr lquh tk;sxh loky
djks vkidk loky iwjk fd;k tk;sxk flQ+kfj’k
djks vkidh flQ+kfj’k dqcwy dh tk;sxh eSa v+t+Z
d#¡xk ,s esjs jc esjh mEer&esjh mEer eq>s
dgk tk;sxk fd tkvks vkSj mu yksxksa dks nkst+[k+
ls fudky ykvks ftuds fnyksa esa jkbZ ds nkus ls
Hkh de bZeku gks eSa tkšxk vkSj rkv+ehys gqDe
d#¡xk fQj eSa pkSFkh ckj okil vkÅ¡xk vkSj
rkv+jhQ+h dfyekr ls vYykg rv+kyk dh gEnks
luk d#¡xk fQj vYykg rv+kyk ds gqtwj lTns
esa fxj tkšxk rc vYykg rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk ,s
eqgEen ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySg olYye½
viuk lj mBkvks tks dgksxs mls lquk tk;sxk
 [188]

tks ek¡xksxs fn;k tk;sxk tks ‘kQ+kv+r djksxs dqcwy

dh tk;sxh eSa v+tZ+ d#¡xk ,s esjs jc eq>s mu
yksxksa dks Hkh tgUuqe ls fudkyus dh btkt+r ns
ftUgksaus flQ+Z yk bykgk bYyYykg gh dgk Fkk
fQj vYykg rckjd o rv+kyk eq>s mu yksxksa
dks Hkh fudkyus dh btkt+r nsxk fQj eSa nkst+[k+
ls mu yksxksa dks Hkh fudkyw¡xkA
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&6/624-g0&7510½
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&3/515-g0&3340½
¼eqfLye&lgh&1/329-g0&480½
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/253-g0&2434½
gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½
ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd vYykg rv+kyk
d+;ker ds fnu yksxksa dks tekv+ Q+jek;sxk ml
oD+r yksx dgsaxs vxj ge vius jc ds gqtwj
fdlh flQ+kj'kh dks ys tk;sa rks eqfEdu gS fd
ge bl gkyr ls futkr ik tk;s pqukapk oks
gt+jr vkne v+ySfgLlyke ds ikl tk;saxs vkSj
v+tZ+ djsaxs fd vki gh oks uch gSa ftUgsa vYykg
rv+kyk us vius nLrs dqnjr ls r[k+yhd+ fd;k
vkSj vkids vUnj viuh #g Q¡wdh pqukapk
Q+fj'rksa dks gqDe fn;k rks mUgksaus vkidks lTnk
fd;k fygkt+k vki gekjs jc ds gqtwj gekjs
fy;s flQ+kfj'k dj nsa rks oks dgsaxs fd eSa bl&
 [189]

yk;d+ ugha gw¡ fQj oks viuh yx+ft+'k dk ft+Ø

djds dgsaxs fd rqe uwg ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ ds ikl
pys tkvks oks igys jlwy gSa ftUgsa jc rv+kyk
us ecÅ+l Q+jek;k gS pqukapk yksx gt+jr uwg
¼v+ySfgLlyke½ ds ikl vk;saxs rks oks Hkh ;gh
tokc nsaxs fd eSa bl yk;d+ ugha gw¡ vkSj oks
viuh ,d yx+ft+'k dk ft+Ø djds dgsaxs fd
rqe bczkghe ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ ds ikl tkvks ftUgsa
vYykg rv+kyk us viuk [k+yhy cuk;k Fkk fQj
yksx muds ikl tk;saxs rks oks Hkh ;gh dgsaxs fd
eSa bl d+kfcy ugh gw¡ vkSj oks viuh ,d [k+rk
dk ft+Ø djds dgsaxs fd rqe ewlk v+ySfgLlyke
ds ikl tkvks muls vYykg rv+kyk ge dyke
gqvk Fkk fQj yksx ewlk ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ ds ikl
tk;saxs rks oks Hkh ;gh dgsaxs fd eSa bl d+kfcy
ugha gw¡ vkSj oks viuh ,d yx+ft+'k dk ft+Ø
djds dgsaxs fd rqe bZlk ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ ds ikl
tkvks fQj yksx gt+jr bZlk ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ ds
ikl tk;saxs rks oks Hkh dgsaxs fd eSa bl d+kfcy
ugha gw¡ rqe gt+jr eqgEen ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySg olYye½ ds ikl tkvks

pqukapk yksx esjs ikl vk;saxs rks eSa vius

jc ls btkt+r ryc d#¡xk fQj tc eSa vius
jc dks ns[kw¡xk rks lTnk jst+ gks tkÅ¡xk fQj
vYykg rv+kyk ftruh nsj pkgsxk eq>s lTns esa
iM+k jgus nsxk fQj eq>ls dgk tk;sxk viuk&
 [190]

lj lTns ls mBkvks vkSj ek¡xks vkidks v+rk

fd;k tk;sxk vkSj xq¶+rxw djks vkidh ckr lquh
tk;sxh vkSj flQ+kfj'k djks vkidh flQ+kfj'k
dqcwy dh tk;sxh ml oD+r eSa vius jc dh
,slh gEn o luk d#¡xk ftldh vYykg rv+kyk
us eq>s rkv+yhe nh gksxh fQj eSa flQ+kfj'k
d#¡xk rks esjs fy;s ,d gn eqd+jZj dj nh
tk;sxh fQj eSa yksxksa dks nkst+[k+ ls fudky dj
tUur esa nkf[k+y d#¡xk fQj eSa vYykg ds
gqtwj tkšxk vkSj lTns esa fxj tkšxk vkSj
nwljh] rhljh ;k pkSFkh ckj blh rjg lTns esa
fxj tkšxk gRrk fd tgUuqe esa ogh yksx jg
tk;saxs ftUgsa dqjku us jksd fy;k gksxkA ¼gt+jr
d+rknk us dgk fd blls eqjkn oks yksx gSa ftu
ij tgUuqe esa ges'kk jguk okftc gksxk½
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&6/110-g0&6565½

gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k jkst+s d+;ker esjh
'kQ+kv+r dh lv+knr lcls T+;knk mls gkfly
gksxh ftlus dyek yk bykgk bYyYykg [kqywl
fny ls i<+k gksxk ¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&6/113-g0&6570½

bejku fcu gqlSu ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS uch djhe ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk
v+ySg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd ,d d+kSe gqtwj
 [191]

¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ dh 'kQ+kv+r

ls tgUuqe ls fudysxh tc oks tUur eas nkf[k+y
gks tk;asxs rks ¼ogk¡½ mUgas tgUuqeh ds uke ls
iqdkjk tk;sxkA
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&6/112-g0&6566½
¼bCus ektk&lquu&3/410-g0&4315½
¼vcw nkÅn&lquu&6/597-g0&4740½

gqtwj dks bf[+r;kjs 'kQ+kv+r v+rk gqbZ

gt+jr v+kSQ+ fcu ekfyd ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk

v+Ugq½ ,d rohy gnhl esa c;ku djrs gSa fd
uch djhe ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½
us ¼,d lQ+j ds nkSjku½ Q+jek;k fd esjs jc
dh rjQ+ ls vkus okyk ¼,d Q+fj'rk½ jkr dks
esjs ikl vk;k rks mlus eq>ls esjh vk/kh mEer
dks cx+Sj fglkcks fdrkc ds tUur esa nkf[k+y
fd;s tkus vkSj gd+s 'kQ+kv+r nksuksa esa ls ,d
dks pquus dk bf[+r;kj fn;k rks eSaus 'kQ+kv+r
dks bf[+r;kj dj fy;k uht+ Q+jek;k fd cs'kd
esjh 'kQ+kv+r esjh mEer ds gj ml Q+nZ ds
fy;s gksxh tks vYykg rv+kyk ds lkFk fdlh dks
'kjhd u Bgjkrk gksA
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/260-g0&2441½
¼bCus fgCcku&lgh&7/473-g0&6470½
¼eqLun vgen&10/1054-g0&24477½
 [192]

&% gqtwj dh flQ+kfj’k dchjk

xqukg okyksa ds fy;s %&

gt+jr vul ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls

fjok;r gS fd jlwys vdje ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk
v+ySg olYye½ us Q+jek;k esjh flQ+kfj’k esjh
mEer ds mu yksxksa ds fy;s gksxh tks dchjk
xqukgksa ds eqjrfdc gksaxsA
¼vcw nkÅn&lquu&4/596-g0&4739½
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/258-g0&2435½
¼xqukgxkjksa dks mEehn j[kuh pkfg;s fd mudh
flQ+kfj’k gksxh vkSj mUgsa eqv+kQ+ dj fn;k
tk;sxk exj lkFk gh ‘knhn [k+kSQ+ Hkh j[kuk
pkfg;s D;ksafd ;s Hkh ekv+ywe ugha fdl
xqukgxkj dh flQ+kfj’k gksxh vkSj dkSu blls
eg#e jgsxk½

‘kQ+kv+rs vfEc;k] ‘kqgnk] o m+Yek

gt+jr mLeku fcu v+¶+Q+ku ¼jft+vYykgq
rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq
rv+kyk v+ySg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd d+;ker
ds fnu rhu yksx ‘kQkv+r djsaxs& ¼1½ vfEc;k&
fdjke ¼2½ ‘kqgnk,s&fdjke ¼3½ m+Yek,&fdjkeA
¼bCus ektk&lquu&3/410-g0&4313½
 [193]

gt+jr vcw njnk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k jksts+ d+;ker 'kghn
dh flQ+kfj'k vius ?kj okykas ds lRrj vQ+jkn
ds gd+ esa dqcwy dh tk;sxhA
¼vcw nkÅn&lquu&3/72-g0&2522½

&% lcls igys mEers eqfLyek

tUur esa nkf[k+Yk gksxh %&
gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½
ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k ge vkf[k+jh mEer
gSa vkSj d+;ker ds fnu lcls igys tUur esa
nkf[k+y gksaxsA ¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&6/140-g0&6624½

&% vYykg dh lkS jgersa %&

gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½
ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fcyk 'kqck vYykg
rv+kyk dh lkS jgersa gSa muesa flQ+Z ,d jger
viuh reke e[k+ywd+ eas tekv+ dj nh gS blh
otg ls reke e[k+ywd+ ,d nwljs ls I;kj o
eqgCcr djrs gSa tSls ek¡ vius cPps ls eqgCcr
djrh gS ckd+h reke jgersa vYykg rv+kyk us
vius ikl d+;ker ds fnu fy;s j[k NksM+h gSA
 [194]

¼;kuh d+;ker ds fnu vYykg rv+kyk viuh

mu reke jgerkas ls vius cUnks dks c[+'ksxk½
¼bCus ektk&lquu&3/400-g0&4293½
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/979-g0&3541½

gt+jr vcw lbZn [kqnjh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk

v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k ftl fnu
vYykg rv+kyk us vklekuksa o t+ehu dks iSnk
Q+jek;k mlh fnu lkS jgers iSnk Q+jek;ha vkSj
lkS jgerksa esa ls ,d jger t+ehu ij Hksth
blh otg ls ek¡ vius cPps ij jger djrh
gS vkSj pfjUns tkuoj ,d nwljs ij vkSj ifjUns
,d nwljs ij jge djrs gSa vkSj fuUu;kuos
¼99½ jgerksa dks mlus d+;ker ds fnu ds fy;s
mBk j[kk gS tc d+;ker dk fnu gksxk rks ml
fnu vYykg rv+kyk mu reke jgerksa dks iwjk
Q+jek;sxkA
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&5/585-g0&6000½
¼bCus ektk&lquu&3/401-g0&4294½
¼eqfLye&lgh&6/310-g0&6974½
 [195]

&% vYykg ds x+t+c ij vYykg

dh jger x+kfyc gS %&

gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fcyk 'kqck vYykg
rv+kyk us tc reke e[k+ywd+ dks iSnk fd;k rks
Q+jek;k fd esjs x+t+c ij esjh jger x+kfyc gS
vkSj vYykg rv+kyk us viuh ikd t+kr ij ;s
ykft+e dj fy;k gS fd esjh jger esjs xqLls
ij x+kfyc jgsxh vkSj ;s v+'kZ ij vc Hkh
fy[kk gqvk gSA
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&6/561-g0&7404½
¼bCus ektk&lquu&3/401-g0&4295½
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/980-g0&3543½
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&3/444-g0&3194½

&% vYykg rv+kyk vius cUnks

dks v+t+kc nsuk ugha pkgrk %&

gt+jr bCus m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqek½

ls fjok;r gS fd ge ,d ftgkn esa uch djhe
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ ds lkFk Fks
rks vki ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ dk
xqt+j dqN yksxksa ds ikl ls gqvk rks vkius&
 [196]

muls iwNk fd rqe yksx dkSu gks rks mUgksaus dgk

fd ge eqlyeku gSa muesa ls ,d v+kSjr vkx
ls viuk rUuwj ¼,d xksy feV~Vh dk crZu
ftls ?kM+s esa yxkdj jksfV;k¡ idkrs gSa] jksVh
cx+Sjkg idkus dk ed+ke½ dks jkS'ku dj jgh Fkh
tc rUuwj ls /kqvk¡ fudyk rks mlus vius csVs
dks ihNs <+dsy fn;k mlds ckn gqtwj ¼lYyYYkkgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ ds ikl vkdj iwNus
yxh D;k vki vYykg ds jlwy gSa rks vki
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
gk¡ eSa vYykg dk jlwy gw¡ rks mlus dgk esjs
ek¡ cki vki ij dqckZu gksa eq>s ;s crk;sa D;k
vYykg dh jger lc jge djus okyksa ls
T+;knk gSA

rks vki ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½

us Q+jek;k fd cs'kd fQj mlus dgk fd cPpk
pkgs ftruk Hkh 'kjkjrh o ukQ+jeku gks ek¡ mls
vkx eas ugha QSad ldrh rks vki ¼lYyYYkkgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd vYykg
rv+kyk Hkh vius cUnksa dks dHkh v+t+kc nsuk
ugha pkgrk exj ;s fd tks ljd'k gkssa vkSj
vYykg rv+kyk dks ,d ekuus ls eqUdj gksa
vkSj vYykg rv+kyk dk cUnks ij gd+ ;s gS fd
vYykg mUgas c[+'k nsA
¼bCus ektk&lquu&3/401-g0&4297½
 [197]

&% vYykg rv+kyk dh jger ls

yksx nkst+[k+ ls fudkys tk;saxs %&

gt+jr vcw lbZn [kqnjh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk

v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje ¼lYyYYkkgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd d+;ker
ds fnu usd eksfeu vius ijoj fnxkj ls mu
eqlyeku HkkbZ;ksa ds eqrkv+fYyd+ rd+kt+k vkSj
eqrkyck djsaxs tks nkst+[k+ esa gksaxs vkSj dgsaxs ,s
esjs jc rwus esjs mu HkkbZ;ksa dks vkx esa nkf[k+y
dj fn;k gS tks gekjs lkFk uekt+ vnk djrs Fks
vkSj jkst+s j[krs Fks vkSj gt fd;k djrs Fks

rks vYykg rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk fd vPNk

tkvks vkSj ftUgsa rqe igpkurs gks mUgsa nkst+[k+
ls fudky ykvks pquk¡pk oks yksx nkst+[k+ esa
muds ikl tk;saxs vkSj mudh 'kDysa ns[kdj
mUgsa igpku ysaxs muesa ls ckv+t+ dks nkst+[k+ dh
vkx us fi.Mfy;ksa rd idM+ j[kk gksxk vkSj
ckv+t+ksa dks V[k+uksa rd vkx us idM+ j[kk gksxk
fQj vYykg rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk fd mudks Hkh
fudky yks ftuds fny esa ,d nhukj ds cjkcj
bZeku gS fQj vYykg rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk mudks
Hkh nkst+[k+ ls fudky yks ftuds fny esa ,d
jRrh Hkj bZeku gksA
¼ulkbZ&lquu&3/467-g0&5016½
 [198]

gt+jr vcw lbZn [kqnjh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk

v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS mUgkssaus dgk fd geus v+t+Z
fd;k ;k jlwyYykg D;k d+;ker ds fnu ge
vius jc dks ns[kasxs rks vki ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k erykv+ lkQ+ gksus
dh lwjr esa D;k rqEgsa pk¡n vkSj lwjt dks ns[kus
eas dksbZ fnDdr gksrh gS geus dgk ugha rks vki
¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
fd ;d+huu rqEgas vius jc ds nhnkj esa dksbZ
fnDdr is'k ugha vk;sxh uht+ Q+jek;k ,d
,syku djus okyk ,syku djsxk gj d+kSe mlds
lkFk tk;s ftldh oks iwtk fd;k djrh Fkh rc
lyhc ds iqtkjh viuh lyhc ds lkFk] cqrksa ds
iqtkjh vius cqrksa ds lkFk vkSj reke ekv+cwnkus
ckfryk dh iwtk ikB djus okys vius vius
ekv+cwnksa ds lkFk pys tk;saxs gRrk fd vYykg
rv+kyk dh bcknr djus okys usd o cn vkSj
cPps dPps vgys fdrkc ds dqN yksx ckd+h jg
tk;saxs blds ckn tgUuqe muds lkeus yk;h
tk;sxh oks ,slh pednkj gksxh tSls eSnku dk
jsr gksrk gS ¼tks nwj ls ikuh ekv+ywe gksrk gS½

fQj ;gwn ls iwNk tk;sxk fd rqe fdldh

iwtk djrs Fks oks dgsaxs fd ge mtSj fcu
vYykg dh iwtk fd;k djrs Fks rks mUgsa tokc
feysxk fd rqe >wBs gks [kqnk ds u dksbZ chch gS
u dksbZ vkSykn fQj mUgsa tgUuqe esa Mky fn;k&
 [199]

tk;sxk fQj ulkjk ls dgk tk;sxk rqe fdldh

iwtk fd;k djrs Fks oks tokc nsaxs fd ge elhg
fcu vYykg dh iwtk fd;k djrs Fks muls dgk
tk;sxk fd rqe >wBs gks vYykg dh u dksbZ chch
gS vkSj u dksbZ vkSykn fQj mUgsa Hkh tgUuqe eas
Mky fn;k tk;sxk ;gk¡ rd fd ogh yksx ckd+h
jgsaxs tks [k+kfyl vYykg dh b+cknr fd;k djrs
Fks usd o cn nksuksa fd+Le ds eqlyeku fQj
vYykg rv+kyk muds lkeus nwljh lwjr esa
vk;sxk vkSj dgsxk eSa rqEgkjk jc gw¡ oks dgsaxs
rw gh gekjk ijoj fnxkj gS vkSj ml fnu
vfEc;k&fdjke ds vykok vYykg rv+kyk ls
dksbZ ckr u dj ldsxk

fQj vYykg rv+kyk Q+jek;sxk D;k rqEgsa

vius jc dh dksbZ fu'kkuh ekv+ywe gS ftlds
t+fj;s rqe mls igpku ldks oks dgsaxs ^^fi.Myh
t+fj;k , f'kuk[+r gS** fQj vYykg rv+kyk
viuh fi.Myh [kksy nsxk rks gj eksfeu mlds
gqtwj lTnk jst+ gks tk;sxk flQ+Z oks yksx ckd+h
jgsaxs tks egt+ fj;kdkjh vkSj 'kkSgjr ds fy;s
mls lTnk djrs Fks oks lTnk djuk pkgsaxs ysfdu
lTnk u dj ldsaxs mudh iq'r r[+rs dh rjg
gks tk;sxh

fQj iqyfljkr yk;k tk;sxk geus v+t+Z fd;k

iqyfljkr D;k gS rks vki ¼lYyYYkkgq rv+kyk&
 [200]

v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd oks fxjus vkSj

fQlyus dk ed+ke gS vkSj ml ij yksgs ds
uksdnkj vk¡dM+s o dk¡Vsa gksaxs oks yksgs ds dq.Ms
lkv+nku ukeh >kM+h ds dk¡Vksa dh rjg gksaxs tks
utn esa ik;h tkrh gS ml ij ls vgys bZeku
iyd >idus o fctyh dh ekfuUn o gok dh
ekfuUn o rst+ j¶+rkj ?kksaMksa o rst+ j¶+rkj Å¡Vksa
dh rjg xqt+j tk;saxs muesa ls dqN lgh lkfye
futkr ikus okys gksaxs tcfd dqN t[+eh gksdj
fcy vkf[k+j mls m+cwj dj tk;saxs vkSj dqN
>qyl dj vkx esa fxjus okys gkasxs ;gk¡ rd fd
vkf[k+jh 'k[+l [kqn dks ?klhVdj mls ikj djsxk

ml oD+r yksx vYykg rv+kyk ls rd+kt+k

vkSj eqrkyck djsaxs tc oks ns[ksaxs fd vius
HkkbZ;ksa esa ls flQZ+ mUgas futkr feyh gS oks v+tZ+
djsaxs ,s gekjs jc gekjs HkkbZ gekjs lkFk uekts+
i<+rs Fks gekjs lkFk jkst+s j[krs Fks vkSj gekjs
lkFk usd v+ey djrs Fks mUgsa nkst+[k+ ls futkr
v+rk Q+jeka rks vYykg rv+kyk muls Q+jek;sxk
tkvks ftlds fny esa ,d nhukj ds cjkcj Hkh
bZeku ikvks mls nkst+[k+ ls fudky ykvks vkSj
vYykg rv+kyk muds psgjksa ij vkx dks gjke
dj nsxk rks oks vk;saxs vkSj ns[kasxs fd dqN rks
d+neksa rd vkx esa xk;c gksaxs vkSj dqN fuLQ+
fi.Myh rd nkst+[k+ esa gksaxs oks ftUgsa igpku
ysaxs mUgsa nkst+[k+ ls fudky yk;saxs fQj tc oks
 [201]

okil vk;saxs rks jc rv+kyk muls Q+jek;sxk fd

tkvks vkSj ftlds fny esa fuLQ+ nhukj ds
cjkcj bZeku gks mls Hkh fudky ykvks pqukapk
oks ftudks igpkurs gksaxs rks mudks nkst+[k+ ls
fudky yk;saxs fQj tc okil vk;saxs rks vYykg
rv+kyk muls Q+jek;sxk fd tkvks ftlds fny
esa t+jkZ cjkcj bZeku gks mls Hkh fudky ykvks
fQj oks ftUgsa igpkurs gkasxs mUgsa fudky yk;saxs

vfEc;k&fdjke o vgys bZeku vkSj

Q+fj'rs 'kQ+kv+r djsaxs mlds ckn jc rv+kyk
bj'kkn Q+jek;sxk fd vc [kkl esjh 'kQ+kv+r
ckd+h jg x;h gS fQj vYykg rv+kyk nkst+[k+ ls
,d eqV~Bh Hkjsxk vkSj ,sls yksxksa dks fudkysxk
tks tydj dks;yk gks pqds gksaxs fQj oks tUur
ds ,d fdukjs ij okd+Sv+ ugj esa Mkys tk;saxs
fQj oks vkcs g;kr ls bl rjg fudysaxs ftl
rjg eksrh pedrk gS fQj mudh xnZuksa ij
eqgj yxk nh tk;sxh ¼fd ;s vYykg rv+kyk ds
vkt+kn dnkZ gSa½ fQj oks tUur esa nkf[k+y gksaxsA
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&6/583-g0&7439½
¼eqfLye&lgh&1/303-g0&454½
 vRrykd+q ejZkrkfu Q+belkdqe fcev+#fQ+u vkSrLjhgqe fcbg+lku0

rhu rykd+
dk
“kjbZ g+y
Û d+qjku o vg+knhl dh jks”kuh esa
Û ,d etfyl dh rhu rykd+sa g+jke gSa
Û ,d oD+r esa rhu rykd+sa nsus ij
,d gh okd+Sv+ gksrh gS
eqv+fYyQ+
Mk0 vkt+e csx d+knjh
09897626182

enkj cqd lsyj

eduiqj ¼dkuiqj½