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Modal Verbs: Have To + Infinitive Must + Infinitive Should + Infinitive

The document discusses modal verbs used to express obligation and advice. It explains that "have to" and "must" express strong or external obligation, "should" expresses mild obligation or advice, and "don't have to", "mustn't", and "shouldn't" express lack of obligation or negative advice. It provides examples of usage for present, past, and exercise sentences and clarifies the differences between "mustn't" and "don't have to".

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HERNANDO ANDRÄS SILVA VALERA
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51 views

Modal Verbs: Have To + Infinitive Must + Infinitive Should + Infinitive

The document discusses modal verbs used to express obligation and advice. It explains that "have to" and "must" express strong or external obligation, "should" expresses mild obligation or advice, and "don't have to", "mustn't", and "shouldn't" express lack of obligation or negative advice. It provides examples of usage for present, past, and exercise sentences and clarifies the differences between "mustn't" and "don't have to".

Uploaded by

HERNANDO ANDRÄS SILVA VALERA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODAL VERBS

We can use have to + infinitive, must + infinitive and should + infinitive to express


obligation (something you have to do).

Present Positive Negative


have to / strong obligation (possibly from no obligation
don't have to outside)
I don't have to work on
Children have to go to Sundays.
school.

(sometimes 'have got to')


You don't have to eat
anything you don't like.

must / mustn't strong obligation (possibly based negative obligation


on the speaker's opinion)
You mustn't smoke here.
I must study today.

should / mild obligation or advice mild negative obligation or advice


shouldn't
You should save some You shouldn't smoke so
money. much.

Be careful about the difference between mustn't and don't have to!


Mustn't means it's not allowed, or it's a bad idea:

 You mustn't eat so much chocolate, you'll be sick

Don't have to means you don't need to do something, but it's fine if you want to do it:

 I don't have to get up early at the weekend(of course, if I want to get up early, that's
fine, but I can stay in bed if I want).

Past Positive Negative


had to / didn't obligation in the past no obligation in the past
have to
I had to wear a school We didn't have to go to
uniform when I was a child. school on Saturdays.

must* changes to 'had to' -


should have + a past action which didn't happen:
a past action which didn't happen:
pp / shouldn't the advice / regret is too late
the advice / regret is too late
have + pp
You should have gone to
You shouldn't have taken
bed earlier, now you have missed
that job., it was a bad idea.
the train.

* Remember 'must have done' is a modal verb of deduction or speculation, not obligation


in the past.

EXERCISES
Put in “should” “must” or “don’t” / “doesn’t have to”:

1. We have a lot of work tomorrow. You _______________ be late.

2. You _______________ tell anyone what I just told you. It’s a secret.

3. The museum is free. You _______________ pay to get in.

4. Children _______________ tell lies. It’s very naughty.

5. John’s a millionaire. He _______________ go to work.

6. I _______________ do my washing, because my mother does it for me.

7. We _______________ rush. We’ve got plenty of time.

8. You _______________ smoke inside the school.

9. You can borrow my new dress but you _______________ get it dirty.

10. We _______________ miss the train, it’s the last one tonight.

11. She _______________ do this work today, because she can do it tomorrow.

12. I _______________ clean the floor today because I cleaned it yesterday.

13. We _______________ forget to lock all the doors before we leave.

14. We _______________ stay in a hotel in London, we can stay with my brother.


15. I _______________ spend too much money today. I’ve only got a little left.

16. They _______________ get up early today, because it’s Sunday.

17. I _______________ eat too much cake, or I’ll get fat!

18. We _______________ be late for the exam.

19. You _______________ tidy up now. I’ll do it later.

20. He _______________ cook tonight because he’s going to a restaurant.

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