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Pure Bending (Abstract)

This document summarizes an experiment on pure bending in beams made of different materials (mild steel, aluminum, and brass). The experiment measured beam deflection under various loads to determine the modulus of elasticity for each material. The experimental values were lower than theoretical values, with errors ranging from 14-23%. Sources of error included human error in reading measurements, old equipment that was poorly calibrated, and mistakes made during the experiment. The objectives of determining the elastic modulus of each beam material and validating data were achieved.

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Khairyl Amre
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84 views

Pure Bending (Abstract)

This document summarizes an experiment on pure bending in beams made of different materials (mild steel, aluminum, and brass). The experiment measured beam deflection under various loads to determine the modulus of elasticity for each material. The experimental values were lower than theoretical values, with errors ranging from 14-23%. Sources of error included human error in reading measurements, old equipment that was poorly calibrated, and mistakes made during the experiment. The objectives of determining the elastic modulus of each beam material and validating data were achieved.

Uploaded by

Khairyl Amre
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ABSTRACT

In this report, the title of the experiment is pure bending in beam. The experiment is
been carried out to obtained the value of deflection of the beam when the load is apply to the
three different material of beam which is mild steel,aluminium and brass. The beam is
subjected on the cantilever setup and load is hung on the specimen at specific distance from
the wall. Deflection of different material of beam and different load in newton is then
recorded. Data obtained from the experiment then been used to determine the modulus of
elasticity of each specimen. Results obtained also can determine the percentage of errors
based on theoretical and experimental values.
TABLE OF CONTENT

No CONTENT PAGE
1 Abstract
2 List of Tables
3 List of Figures
4 Intoduction
5 Theory
6 Experimental Procedures
7 Results
8 Discussion
9 Conclusions
10 References
11 Appendices and Raw Data

LIST OF TABLES

NO. OF
CONTENT PAGE
TABLES
5.1 Dimension of beam specimen
5.2 Beam Maximum Deflection
5.3 Sample Calculation

DISCUSSION

Based on the result ahieved from the experiment, modulus of elasticity for mild steel
had been calculated which is 169.28 GPa. Theoretically, modulus elasticity of mild steel is
210 GPa. The experimental value of modulus of elasticity is lower than theoretical. The big
differences in value result in larger error which is 19.39%. Next, theoretical value of modulus
of elasticity for Aluminium is 69GPa and experimental value that had been calculated based
on data obtained from the experiment is 60.38 GPa. Therefore, the percentage error for
Aluminium is 14.28%. Next, modulus of elasticity for Brass is 105GPa theoretically. From
the experiment, modulus of elasticity is 81.08GPa which result 22.78% of error. Brass has the
largest errors, followed by mild steel and Aluminium.

These errors occur because of human error or parallax error when reading the dial
gauge during the experiment where eyes are not in right position when reading the metre
scale of dial gauge. Moreover, the old experimental equipment which has been used for many
years also can affect the experimental value which results in higher percentage of errors
because the equipment had been defect and poorly calibrated. Blunder during experiment also
is one of the causes for errors where a person recorded the wrong value, misread the scale or
forget the digit when reading scale.

Modulus of elasticity,E is a material property that describes it stiffness. Different


materials have different value of modulus of elasticity. There are other methods to determine
modulus of elasticity, E by using Hooke’s Law where E=Tensile Stress/Tensile Strain=
FL/(Area x Change in length). Hooke’s Law is calculated from the ratio of stress to the strain.
Stress is not directly measurable, it can be obtained from different formula of different types
of loading such as tension or flexural stress. Strain is defined as the change of the length
divided by the original length.

CONCLUSION

The objectives of the experiment had been achieved where the elastic modulus (E) of
beam specimen by method of deflection of mild steel, aluminium and brass had been
determined. The data between experimental and theretical values also had been validated.
The data was obtained by following the experimental procedures. In conclusion, the
experiment was successful.

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