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This document provides an introduction to the CSE 102 Computer Programming course. It discusses why programming languages were created as an alternative to machine language, and introduces low-level and high-level programming languages. It also outlines the basic structure of a C++ program, including preprocessor directives, the main function, and C++ statements. Finally, it discusses some common programmer terminology.

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Subhan Ghani
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78 views

Lecture01 PDF

This document provides an introduction to the CSE 102 Computer Programming course. It discusses why programming languages were created as an alternative to machine language, and introduces low-level and high-level programming languages. It also outlines the basic structure of a C++ program, including preprocessor directives, the main function, and C++ statements. Finally, it discusses some common programmer terminology.

Uploaded by

Subhan Ghani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Engineering and Technology,

Peshawar, Pakistan

CSE 102: Computer Programming

Lecture 1
Introduction

By;
Dr. Muhammad Athar Javed Sethi
Course Information

 Course Code: CSE-102


 Course Name: Computer Programming
 Course Credit Hours: 3
 Course Group Address:
https://classroom.google.com/u/0/c/NjE1N
zM1NTU0MTda
Class Code: n6ep54h
Why Programming Language?

 Computer only understands machine


language
 Consists of 1s and 0s
 1001011100001000
 Initially all computers were
programmed using machine language
 Difficult and cumbersome
 Only small programs can be written
MEMORY ORGANIZATION

10001000100101
DATA
DATA 01001010101010

CPU

11100101010101
10101000011001
PROGRAM
INSTRUCTION

MEMORY
LOW AND HIGH LEVEL PROGRAMMING

 Lowest Level: Machine Codes


 Directly process able, written in binary:
 10001011 01100111 10011011 11000111
 Hard to „read‟, slow to create, fast to
run.
LOW AND HIGH LEVEL PROGRAMMING

 Next lowest level: Assembler


 Mnemonics directly represent machine
code, Symbolic, :
 mov A, 90h;
 inc A;
 jnz loop;
 Human readable, slow to create, fast to run,
processor specific.
LOW AND HIGH LEVEL PROGRAMMING

 High level: Pascal, ‘C’, Fortran,


‘C++’/Java etc
 One statement is equivalent of many
machine code operations.
 Human understandable, fast to write.
High-Level Language

10100110 01110110
#include <iostream> 00100110 00000000
11111010 11111010
int main() 01001110 10100110
{ 11100110 10010110
std::cout<<“HelloWorld”; 11001110 00101110
return 0; 10100110 01001110
11111010 01100110
}
01001110 10000110
etc...

Source code Executable code

 Compilers and linkers translate a


high level program into executable
machine code.
++
Structure of C++ Program

 C++ program consists of three main parts;


 Preprocessor Directives.
 Start with “#”
 The main( ) function.
 C++ statements. C++ Program:
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
std::cout<<“Hello World!”;
return 0;
}
Basic Structure of a C++ Program

Example: Hello World


C++ Program:
#include <iostream>

int main()
output “Hello World!” {
std::cout<<“Hello World!”;
return 0;
}
Basic Structure of a C++ Program (cont)

Example: Hello world


C++ Program:
#include <iostream>

Includes standard int main()


input/output library of {
std::cout<<“Hello World!”;
procedures.
return 0;
Read: “Hash-include” }
Basic Structure of a C++ Program (cont)

Example: Hello world


C++ Program:
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
std::cout<<“Hello World!”;
return 0;
every C++ program must }
have a main
Basic Structure of a C++ Program

Example: Hello World


C++ Program:
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
Curly braces mark the std::cout<<“Hello World”;
beginning and end of a return 0;
block of instructions. }
Basic Structure of a C++ Program

Example: Hello World


C++ Program:
#include <iostream>
Instruction (function call) int main()
to output “Hello World” {
std::cout<<“Hello World”;

return 0;
}
Basic Structure of a C++ Program

“Statements” (lines of
instructions) always end
Example: Hello World with a semi-colon (;)
C++ Program:
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
std::cout<<“Hello World”;
return 0;
}
C and C++
 Traditionally C programs use the file
extension .C and C++ programs the
extension .CPP
 C is essentially a subset of C++, so you
could use a C++ compiler to run a C
program. The two languages are
extremely similar.
 In the labs we will be using a
Code::Blocks software (codeblocks-
16.01mingw-setup.exe).
https://sourceforge.net/projects/codeblocks/files/Binaries/16.01/Windows/
Some Programmer Jargon

 Some words that will be used a lot:


 Source code: The stuff you type into the
computer. The program you are writing.
 Compile (build): Taking source code and
making a program that the computer can
understand.
 Executable: The compiled program that the
computer can run.
 Library: Added functions for C++.
programming to do certain tasks.
 Header file: Files ending in .h which are
included at the start of source code.

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