Scribd
Upload
135 views

Oracle SHUTDOWN: Introduction To The Oracle Statement

The SHUTDOWN statement in Oracle allows graceful shutdown of the database instance. There are four options for shutdown - IMMEDIATE, NORMAL, TRANSACTIONAL, and ABORT. SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE is the most common, as it disconnects all users immediately and rolls back transactions without waiting. It does not require recovery on restart like SHUTDOWN ABORT, which forcefully shuts down the database. SHUTDOWN NORMAL waits for all users to disconnect before shutting down, while TRANSACTIONAL waits for transactions to complete first.

Uploaded by

Tanmoy Nandy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
135 views

Oracle SHUTDOWN: Introduction To The Oracle Statement

The SHUTDOWN statement in Oracle allows graceful shutdown of the database instance. There are four options for shutdown - IMMEDIATE, NORMAL, TRANSACTIONAL, and ABORT. SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE is the most common, as it disconnects all users immediately and rolls back transactions without waiting. It does not require recovery on restart like SHUTDOWN ABORT, which forcefully shuts down the database. SHUTDOWN NORMAL waits for all users to disconnect before shutting down, while TRANSACTIONAL waits for transactions to complete first.

Uploaded by

Tanmoy Nandy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Oracle SHUTDOWN

Use the SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE command to shut down the Oracle Database gracefully:


SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
Introduction to the Oracle SHUTDOWN statement
To shut down a currently running Oracle Database instance, you use the SHUTDOWN command as
follows:
SHUTDOWN [ABORT | IMMEDIATE | NORMAL | TRANSACTIONAL [LOCAL]]
Let’s examine each option of the SHUTDOWN command.
SHUTDOWN NORMAL

The SHUTDOWN NORMAL option waits for the current users to disconnect from the database before
shutting down the database. The database instance will not accept any further database connection.
The SHUTDOWN NORMAL does not require an instance recovery on the next database startup.
The NORMAL is the default option if you don’t explicitly specify any option.
Therefore SHUTDOWN and SHUTDOWN NORMAL commands have the same effect.
The SHUTDOWN or SHUTDOWN NORMAL is not really practical because you practically cannot wait for all
users to come back to their desks and disconnect from the database.
SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL

The SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL waits for all uncommitted transactions to complete before shutting


down the database instance. This saves the work for all users without requesting them to log off.
The database instance also does not accept any new transaction after a SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL .
When completing all transactions, the database instance disconnects all the currently connected users
from the database and shuts down.
The SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL does not require any instance recovery procedure on the
next database startup.
The optional LOCAL mode waits for only local transactions to complete, not all the transactions. Then it
shuts down local instance. This option is useful in some cases e.g., a scheduled outage maintenance.
SHUTDOWN ABORT

The SHUTDOWN ABORT is not recommended and only used on some occasions. The SHUTDOWN
ABORT has a similar effect as you unplug the power of the server. The database will be in an
inconsistent state. Therefore, you should never use the SHUTDOWN ABORT command before backing up
the database. If you try to do so, you may not be able to recover the backup.
It is recommended to use the SHUTDOWN ABORT only when you want to shut down the database
instantaneously. For example, if you know a power shutdown is going to happen in a minute or you
experience some problems when starting up a database instance.
The SHUTDOWN ABORT proceeds with the fastest possible shutdown of the database. However, it
requires instance recovery on the next database startup.
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
The SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE is the most common and practical way to shut down the Oracle database.
The SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE does not wait for the current users to disconnect from the database or
current transactions to complete.
During the SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE, all the connected sessions are disconnected immediately, all
uncommitted transactions are rolled back, and the database completely shuts down.
After issuing the SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE statement, the database will not accept any new connection.
The statement will also close and dismount the database.
Unlike the SHUTDOWN ABORT option, the SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE option does not require an instance
recovery on the next database startup.
The following table illustrates the differences between the shutdown modes:

Shutdown Modes A I T N
Allow new connection No No No No
Wait until all current sessions end No No No Yes
Wait until all current transactions end No No Yes Yes
Force a checkpoint and close files No Yes Yes Yes

Shutdown Modes:

 A = ABORT

 I = IMMEDIATE

 T = TRANSACTIONAL

 N = NORMAL

Notes

To issue the SHUTDOWN statement, you must connect to the database as SYSDBA, SYSOPER, SYSBACKUP,


or SYSDG. If the current database is a pluggable database, the SHUTDOWN statement will close the
pluggable database only. The consolidated instance will continue to run. On the other hand, if the
current database is a CDB, the SHUTDOWN statement will close the CDB instance.
Oracle SHUTDOWN statement example
First, launch SQL*Plus:

> sqlplus
Second, log in to the Oracle database using the SYS user:
Enter user-name: sys as sysdba
Enter password: <sys_password>

Third, check the current status of the Oracle instance:


SQL> select instance_name, status from v$instance;

Here is the output:

INSTANCE_NAME STATUS
---------------- ------------
orcl OPEN
Fourth, issue the SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE command:
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

You might also like