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Assignment # 03 ESA 16MDSWE0624

This document contains information about an assignment submitted by a student named Aftab for their 8th semester Computer Software Engineering course. The assignment discusses the Data Encryption Standard (DES) encryption algorithm. DES encrypts data in 64-bit blocks using a 56-bit key and involves 16 rounds of substitution and transposition. It begins by performing an initial permutation on the plain text and splitting it into left and right halves, which then undergo the 16 rounds of encryption before being rejoined and undergoing a final permutation to produce the 64-bit cipher text.

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Engr Aftab Amin
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26 views

Assignment # 03 ESA 16MDSWE0624

This document contains information about an assignment submitted by a student named Aftab for their 8th semester Computer Software Engineering course. The assignment discusses the Data Encryption Standard (DES) encryption algorithm. DES encrypts data in 64-bit blocks using a 56-bit key and involves 16 rounds of substitution and transposition. It begins by performing an initial permutation on the plain text and splitting it into left and right halves, which then undergo the 16 rounds of encryption before being rejoined and undergoing a final permutation to produce the 64-bit cipher text.

Uploaded by

Engr Aftab Amin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Engineering and Technology Mardan

Department of Computer Software Engineering (CSE)

Assignment No # 03
Name: Aftab
Class No: 19
Registration No: 16MDSWE0624
Semester: 8th
Department: CSE
Submitted To: Engr. Imran
Data encryption standard (DES) has been found vulnerable against very powerful attacks and therefore,
the popularity of DES has been found slightly on decline.

DES is a block cipher and encrypts data in blocks of size of 64 bit each, means 64 bits of plain text goes as
the input to DES, which produces 64 bits of cipher text. The same algorithm and key are used for
encryption and decryption, with minor differences. The key length is 56 bits. The basic idea is show in
figure.

We have mention that DES uses a 56 bit key. Actually, the initial key consists of 64 bits. However, before
the DES process even starts, every 8th bit of the key is discarded to produce a 56 bit key. That is bit
position 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56 and 64 are discarded.

Thus, the discarding of every 8th bit of the key produces a 56-bit key from the original 64-bit key.

DES is based on the two fundamental attributes of cryptography: substitution (also called as confusion)
and transposition (also called as diffusion). DES consists of 16 steps, each of which is called as a round.
Each round performs the steps of substitution and transposition. Let us now discuss the broad-level
steps in DES.
In the first step, the 64 bit plain text block is handed over to an initial Permutation (IP) function.

The initial permutation performed on plain text.

Next the initial permutation (IP) produces two halves of the permuted block; says Left Plain Text (LPT)
and Right Plain Text (RPT).

Now each LPT and RPT to go through 16 rounds of encryption process.

In the end, LPT and RPT are rejoined and a Final Permutation (FP) is performed on the combined block

The result of this process produces 64 bit cipher text.

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