MELECT 2

Gas Turbine, Combustion, Diesel Power Plant, and

Steam Power Plant
Mechanical Engineering Department
De La Salle University - Manila
Brayton Cycle (SPSP)
BRAYTON CYCLE (SPSP)
BRAYTON CYCLE (SPSP)

1. An ideal Brayton Cycle operates 1500 oF

between 15 psia, 60oF (point 1),

and 100 psia, 1500oF (Point 3).
The compressor and expander are
both perfectly efficient. (A) What is
the thermodynamic efficiency? 60 oF

A. 39.85% C. 41.85%
B. 40.85% D. 42.85%
 BRAYTON CYCLE (SPSP)

1500 oF
1
𝜂𝑡ℎ = 1 − 𝑘−1
𝑟𝑝 𝑘

60 oF
𝑃3 𝑃2 100 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎
𝑇1 = 60℉ 𝑟𝑝 = = = ≈ 6.67
𝑃1 𝑃4 15 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎
𝑇3 = 1500℉
1
𝑃1 = 15 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝜂𝑡ℎ = 1.4−1 ≈ 0.4185
𝑃3 = 100 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎 6.67 1.4
BRAYTON CYCLE (SPSP)

1. An ideal Brayton Cycle operates 1500 oF

between 15 psia, 60oF (point 1),

and 100 psia, 1500oF (Point 3).
The compressor and expander are
both perfectly efficient. (A) What is
the thermodynamic efficiency? 60 oF

A. 39.85% C. 41.85%
B. 40.85% D. 42.85%
BRAYTON CYCLE (SPSP)

2. An ideal Brayton Cycle operates 1500 oF

between 15 psia, 60oF (point 1),

and 100 psia, 1500oF (Point 3).
The compressor and expander are
both perfectly efficient. (B) What is
the net work output of the cycle in 60 oF

BTU/lbm?
A. 107.5 C. 109.5
B. 108.5 D. 110.5
 BRAYTON CYCLE (SPSP)

1500 oF

𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑊𝑇 − 𝑊𝐶
60 oF

𝑇1 = 60℉ 𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 𝑇3 − 𝑇4 - 𝑚𝐶𝑝 𝑇2 − 𝑇1

𝑇3 = 1500℉
𝑃1 = 15 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎
𝑃3 = 100 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎
 BRAYTON CYCLE (SPSP)

1500 oF
𝑇2 =? State 1 to 2 (s = c)

𝑘−1
𝑇2 𝑃2 𝑘 𝑇2 𝑘−1
= = 𝑟𝑝 𝑘
60 oF
𝑇1 𝑃1 𝑇1
𝑇1 = 60℉
𝑇2 + 460 1.4−1
𝑇3 = 1500℉ = 6.67 1.4
60 + 460
𝑃1 = 15 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎
𝑃3 = 100 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑇2 ≈ 434.27℉
 BRAYTON CYCLE (SPSP)

1500 oF
𝑇4 =? State 3 to 4 (s = c)

𝑘−1
𝑇3 𝑃3 𝑘 𝑇3 𝑘−1
= = 𝑟𝑝 𝑘
60 oF
𝑇4 𝑃4 𝑇4
𝑇1 = 60℉
1500 + 460 1.4−1
𝑇3 = 1500℉ = 6.67 1.4
𝑇4 + 460
𝑃1 = 15 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎
𝑃3 = 100 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑇4 ≈ 679.70℉
 BRAYTON CYCLE (SPSP)

1500 oF
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑊𝑇 − 𝑊𝐶

𝑊𝑇 = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 𝑇3 − 𝑇4
60 oF
𝑊𝑇 𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑇1 = 60℉ = 0.24 1500 − 679.70 𝑅
𝑚 𝑙𝑏𝑚 ∙ 𝑅
𝑇3 = 1500℉
𝑊𝑇 𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑃1 = 15 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎 = 196.87
𝑚 𝑙𝑏𝑚
𝑃3 = 100 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎
 BRAYTON CYCLE (SPSP)

1500 oF
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑊𝑇 − 𝑊𝐶

𝑊𝐶 = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 𝑇2 − 𝑇1
60 oF
𝑊𝐶 𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑇1 = 60℉ = 0.24 434.27 − 60 𝑅
𝑚 𝑙𝑏𝑚 ∙ 𝑅
𝑇3 = 1500℉
𝑊𝐶 𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑃1 = 15 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎 = 89.8
𝑚 𝑙𝑏𝑚
𝑃3 = 100 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎
 BRAYTON CYCLE (SPSP)

1500 oF

𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑊𝑇 − 𝑊𝐶
60 oF 𝐵𝑇𝑈 𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 196.87 − 89.8
𝑇1 = 60℉ 𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝑙𝑏𝑚
𝑇3 = 1500℉ 𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑃1 = 15 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎
𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 107.05
𝑙𝑏𝑚
𝑃3 = 100 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎
BRAYTON CYCLE (SPSP)

2. An ideal Brayton Cycle operates 1500 oF

between 15 psia, 60oF (point 1),

and 100 psia, 1500oF (Point 3).
The compressor and expander are
both perfectly efficient. (B) What is
the net work output of the cycle in 60 oF

BTU/lbm?
A. 107.5 C. 109.5
B. 108.5 D. 110.5
BRAYTON CYCLE (SPSP)

3. An ideal Brayton Cycle operates 1500 oF

between 15 psia, 60oF (point 1), and

100 psia, 1500oF (Point 3). The
compressor and expander are both
perfectly efficient. (C) What is the
fraction of the expander work that has 60 oF
to be put back into the compressor?

A. 44.61% C. 46.61%
B. 45.61% D. 47.61%
 BRAYTON CYCLE (SPSP)

1500 oF
𝑊𝐶
𝑟𝐵𝑊 = Back work ratio, rBW
𝑊𝑇
𝐵𝑇𝑈 𝐵𝑇𝑈
60 oF 𝑊𝑇 = 196.87 𝑊𝐶 = 89.8
𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝑙𝑏𝑚
𝑇1 = 60℉
𝑇3 = 1500℉ 𝐵𝑇𝑈
89.8
𝑟𝐵𝑊 = 𝑙𝑏𝑚 = 0.4561
𝑃1 = 15 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝐵𝑇𝑈
196.87
𝑃3 = 100 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑙𝑏𝑚
BRAYTON CYCLE (SPSP)

3. An ideal Brayton Cycle operates 1500 oF

between 15 psia, 60oF (point 1), and

100 psia, 1500oF (Point 3). The
compressor and expander are both
perfectly efficient. (C) What is the
fraction of the expander work that has 60 oF
to be put back into the compressor?

A. 44.61% C. 46.61%
B. 45.61% D. 47.61%
Combustion
COMBUSTION
𝐹𝑈𝐸𝐿 + 𝐴𝐼𝑅 = 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑄𝐴
By Weight By Volume

O2 23% 21%
Air
N2 77% 79%
AIR-FUEL RATIO (FOR SOLID FUELS)

𝐴 𝑂
= 11.5𝐶 + 34.5 𝐻 − + 4.3𝑆
𝐹 8

𝑘𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑟
in or
𝑘𝑔𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙
COMBUSTION

4. The following ultimate analysis of a typical fuel oil, ash and moisture
free:
C = 0.8663 lb O = 0.0019 lb S = 0.0163 lb
H = 0.1127 lb N = 0.0028 lb

Calculate the following for complete or theoretical combustion with air, in

lbm of fuel:

a. Oxygen required from air

b. Nitrogen required from air
c. Air required
d. Water formed from combustion
e. Carbon dioxide formed
f. Total mass of flue gas
COMBUSTION

Given:
C = 0.8663 lb O = 0.0019 lb S = 0.0163 lb
H = 0.1127 lb N = 0.0028 lb

𝐴 𝑂
= 11.5𝐶 + 34.5 𝐻 − + 4.3𝑆
𝐹 8

𝐴 0.0019
= 11.5 0.8663 + 34.5 0.1127 − + 4.3 0.0163
𝐹 8
𝐴 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑟
= 13.912
𝐹 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙
COMBUSTION

Given:
C = 0.8663 lb O = 0.0019 lb S = 0.0163 lb
𝐴 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑟
H = 0.1127 lb N = 0.0028 lb = 13.912
𝐹 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙

a. Oxygen required from air

O2: 23.2% of air by mass

𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑂2 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑂2
𝑚𝑂2 = 0.232 13.912 = 3.23
𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙
COMBUSTION

Given:
C = 0.8663 lb O = 0.0019 lb S = 0.0163 lb
𝐴 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑟
H = 0.1127 lb N = 0.0028 lb = 13.912
𝐹 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙

b. Nitrogen required from air

N2: 76.81% of air by mass

𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑁2 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑁2
𝑚𝑂2 = 0.7681 13.912 = 10.69
𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙
COMBUSTION

Given:
C = 0.8663 lb O = 0.0019 lb S = 0.0163 lb
𝐴 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑟
H = 0.1127 lb N = 0.0028 lb = 13.912
𝐹 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙

c. Air required

Air required is equal to air-fuel ratio:

𝐴 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑟
= 13.912
𝐹 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙
COMBUSTION
COMBUSTION
COMBUSTION
DIESEL POWER PLANT
DIESEL POWER PLANT

5. A 12 x 18 in. four-cylinder four-stroke single-

acting diesel engine is rated at 200 Bhp at 260
rpm. Fuel consumption at rated load is 0.42 lbm
per Bhp-hr with a heating value of 18,920
BTU/lbm. Compute the (a) engine displacement
in ft-in2/Bhp-min.

A. 423.08 C. 441.08
B. 432.08 D. 450.08
DIESEL POWER PLANT

𝑊 = 𝑃∆𝑉
𝑊 = 𝑃𝐿𝐴𝑁𝑛𝑘
P = mean effective pressure n = speed (rpm)
L = length of stroke 2
k=
𝑥
A = bore area
N = no. of cylinder no. of strokes
DIESEL POWER PLANT

12 × 18 𝑖𝑛. 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊 = 𝑃𝐿𝐴𝑁𝑛𝑘

Length
Bore diameter ∆𝑉 = 𝐿𝐴𝑁𝑛𝑘
𝑁=4 18 𝜋 2 2 𝑟𝑒𝑣 2 1
∆𝑉 𝑓𝑡 12 𝑖𝑛 4 260
12 4 𝑚𝑖𝑛 4 𝑟𝑒𝑣
=
𝑛 = 260 𝑊 200 𝐵ℎ𝑝
2 2
𝑛= = ∆𝑉 𝑓𝑡 − 𝑖𝑛2
𝑥 4 = 441.08
𝑊 𝐵𝐻𝑃 − 𝑚𝑖𝑛
DIESEL POWER PLANT

5. A 12 x 18 in. four-cylinder four-stroke single-

acting diesel engine is rated at 200 Bhp at 260
rpm. Fuel consumption at rated load is 0.42 lbm
per Bhp-hr with a heating value of 18,920
BTU/lbm. Compute the (a) engine displacement
in ft-in2/Bhp-min.

A. 423.08 C. 441.08
B. 432.08 D. 450.08
DIESEL POWER PLANT

6. A 12 x 18 in. four-cylinder four-stroke single-

acting diesel engine is rated at 200 Bhp at 260
rpm. Fuel consumption at rated load is 0.42 lbm
per Bhp-hr with a heating value of 18,920
BTU/lbm. Compute the (b) brake mean effective
pressure (BMEP) in psi

A. 52.82 C. 74.82
B. 63.82 D. 85.82
DIESEL POWER PLANT

𝑊 = 𝑃∆𝑉 ∆𝑉
1=𝑃
𝑊

𝑙𝑏𝑓 𝑓𝑡 − 𝑖𝑛2 1 𝑓𝑡 2 1 𝐻𝑃
1 = 𝑃 144 2 441.08
𝑓𝑡 𝐵𝐻𝑃 − 𝑚𝑖𝑛 144 𝑖𝑛2 𝑓𝑡 − 𝑙𝑏𝑓
33,000
𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝑃 = 74.82 𝑝𝑠𝑖
DIESEL POWER PLANT

6. A 12 x 18 in. four-cylinder four-stroke single-

acting diesel engine is rated at 200 Bhp at 260
rpm. Fuel consumption at rated load is 0.42 lbm
per Bhp-hr with a heating value of 18,920
BTU/lbm. Compute the (b) brake mean effective
pressure (BMEP) in psi

A. 52.82 C. 74.82
B. 63.82 D. 85.82
DIESEL POWER PLANT

7. A 12 x 18 in. four-cylinder four-stroke single-

acting diesel engine is rated at 200 Bhp at 260
rpm. Fuel consumption at rated load is 0.42 lbm
per Bhp-hr with a heating value of 18,920
BTU/lbm. Compute the (c) brake thermal
efficiency

A. 21.02 C. 43.02
B. 32.02 D. 54.02
DIESEL POWER PLANT

Brake thermal efficiency

𝑊𝑏 Brake work
𝑒𝑡𝑏 =
𝑚𝑓 𝑄ℎ Heating value of fuel

Mass of fuel
DIESEL POWER PLANT

𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝑊𝑏 1 𝐻𝑃 2545
𝑒𝑡𝑏 = = ℎ𝑟
𝑚𝑓 𝑄ℎ 0.42 𝑙𝑏𝑚 18920 𝐵𝑇𝑈 1 𝐻𝑃
ℎ𝑟 𝑙𝑏𝑚

𝑒𝑡𝑏 = 0.3202 = 32.02%

DIESEL POWER PLANT

7. A 12 x 18 in. four-cylinder four-stroke single-

acting diesel engine is rated at 200 Bhp at 260
rpm. Fuel consumption at rated load is 0.42 lbm
per Bhp-hr with a heating value of 18,920
BTU/lbm. Compute the (c) brake thermal
efficiency

A. 21.02 C. 43.02
B. 32.02 D. 54.02
Steam Power Plant
RANKINE CYCLE

8. Rankine cycle for initially superheated

steam at 150 psia and 560°F. Condenser
pressure is 2 psi. Find the following:
• Heat Received
• Heat Rejected
• Work net
• Thermal Efficiency
RANKINE CYCLE (SPSP)

150 psia

2 psia
RANKINE CYCLE

Given steam properties:

At 150 psia and 560°F
h = 1305.2 BTU/lb
s = 1.6913 BTU/lb-R

At 2 psia: (Tsat = 126.04 °F)

𝑓𝑡 3ൗ 𝑓𝑡 3ൗ
𝑣𝑓 = 0.016 𝑙𝑏 ; 𝑣𝑔 = 173.75 𝑙𝑏
𝑢𝑓 = 94.02 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 ; 𝑢𝑔 = 1051.8 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
ℎ𝑓 = 94.0 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 ; ℎ𝑔 = 1116.2 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 ; ℎ𝑓𝑔 = 1022.2 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
𝑠𝑓 = 0.1749 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 ∙ 𝑅 ; 𝑠𝑔 = 1.92 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 ∙ 𝑅 ; 𝑠𝑓𝑔 = 1.7451 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 ∙ 𝑅
RANKINE CYCLE

150 psia @ Pt. 1: 150 psia and 560°F

ℎ1 = 1305.2 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
2 psia
𝑠1 = 1.6913 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 ∙ 𝑅

@ Pt. 2: 𝑠1 = 𝑠2
2 psia
s h
𝑠𝑓 = 0.1749 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 ∙ 𝑅 ℎ𝑓 = 94.0 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
𝑠2 = 1.6913 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 ∙ 𝑅 ℎ2 = 982.238 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
𝑠𝑔 = 1.92 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 ∙ 𝑅 ℎ𝑔 = 1116.2 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
 RANKINE CYCLE

150 psia @ Pt. 3: 2 psia

ℎ3 = ℎ𝑓 @ 2 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎
ℎ3 = 94.0 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
2 psia

@ Pt. 4:
𝑊𝑝 = ℎ4 − ℎ3
𝑊𝑝 = 𝑣𝑓@2𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎 (𝑃4 − 𝑃3 )
ℎ1 = 1305.2 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑓𝑡 3ൗ
𝑣𝑓@2𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎 = 0.016 𝑙𝑏
ℎ2 = 982.238 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
𝑓𝑡 3ൗ 𝑙𝑏ൗ (144 𝑖𝑛2ൗ )(1𝐵𝑇𝑈Τ778 𝑓𝑡 ∙ 𝑙𝑏𝑓)
𝑊𝑝 = 0.016 150 − 2
𝑙𝑏 𝑖𝑛2 𝑓𝑡 2
𝑊𝑝 = 0.4383 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
ℎ4 = ℎ3 + 𝑊𝑝 = 94.0 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 + 0.4383 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 = 94.4383 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
 RANKINE CYCLE

𝑄𝐴 = ℎ1 − ℎ4
150 psia 𝑄𝐴 = 1305.2 − 94.4383
2 psia
𝑄𝐴 = 1210.7617 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏

𝑄𝑅 = ℎ2 − ℎ3
𝑄𝑅 = 982.238 − 94.0
𝑄𝑅 = 888.238 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
ℎ1 = 1305.2 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
ℎ2 = 982.238 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
ℎ3 = 94.0 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑊𝑡 = ℎ1 − ℎ2
ℎ4 = 94.4383 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
𝑊𝑡 = 1305.2 − 982.238
𝑊𝑝 = 0.4383 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
𝑊𝑡 = 322.962 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
 RANKINE CYCLE

𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑊𝑡 − 𝑊𝑝
150 psia
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 322.962 − 0.4383
2 psia 𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 322.5237 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
or
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑄𝐴 − 𝑄𝑅
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 1210.7617 − 888.238
ℎ1 = 1305.2 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑄𝐴 = 1210.7617 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 322.5237 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
ℎ2 = 982.238 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑄𝑅 = 888.238 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
ℎ3 = 94.0 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑊𝑡 = 322.962 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 322.5237
ℎ4 = 94.4383 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑊𝑝 = 0.4383 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑒= =
𝑄𝐴 1210.7617
𝑒 = 26.64%
REHEAT CYCLE

9. An ideal Rankine reheat cycle operates with steam

at 1200 psia and 1060°F from the boiler. After
expansion in the turbine to 90 psia, the steam is
returned to the boiler and reheated to a temperature of
950°F. Condenser pressure is maintained at one inch
mercury absolute. Calculate:
• Pump Work
• Heat Received
• Heat Rejected
• Turbine Work
• Net Cycle Work
• Cycle Thermal Efficiency
REHEAT CYCLE

1
3

6
2
4
5
REHEAT CYCLE

ℎ1 = 1534.7 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑠1 = 𝑠2 = 1.6532 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 ∙ 𝑅

ℎ2 = 1219.3 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑠3 = 𝑠4 = 1.9141 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 ∙ 𝑅
ℎ3 = 1506.5 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑠5 = 𝑠6 = 0.09146 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 ∙ 𝑅
ℎ4 = 1029.0 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
ℎ5 = 47.1 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
ℎ6 = 51.2 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
 REHEAT CYCLE

𝑊𝑝 = ℎ6 − ℎ5
𝑊𝑝 = 51.2 − 47.1
𝑊𝑝 = 4.1 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏

𝑄𝐴 = ℎ1 − ℎ6 + ℎ3 − ℎ2
𝑄𝐴 = 1534.7 − 51.2 + 1506.5 − 1219.3
𝑄𝐴 = 1770.70 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
ℎ1 = 1534.7 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑠1 = 𝑠2 = 1.6532 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 ∙ 𝑅
ℎ2 = 1219.3 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑠3 = 𝑠4 = 1.9141 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 ∙ 𝑅
ℎ3 = 1506.5 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑠5 = 𝑠6 = 0.09146 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 ∙ 𝑅 𝑄𝑅 = ℎ4 − ℎ5
ℎ4 = 1029.0 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
ℎ5 = 47.1 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
𝑄𝑅 = 1029.0 − 47.1
ℎ6 = 51.2 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑄𝑅 = 981.9 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
 REHEAT CYCLE

𝑊𝑡 = ℎ1 − ℎ2 + ℎ3 − ℎ4
𝑊𝑡 = 1534.7 − 1219.3 + 1506.5 − 1029.0
𝑊𝑡 = 792.9 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏

𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑄𝐴 − 𝑄𝑅
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 1770.70 − 981.9
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 788.8 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
ℎ1 = 1534.7 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑠1 = 𝑠2 = 1.6532 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 ∙ 𝑅
ℎ2 = 1219.3 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑠3 = 𝑠4 = 1.9141 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 ∙ 𝑅
ℎ3 = 1506.5 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑠5 = 𝑠6 = 0.09146 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 ∙ 𝑅 𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 788.8
ℎ4 = 1029.0 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑊𝑝 = 4.1 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑒= =
𝑄𝐴 1770.70
ℎ5 = 47.1 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑄𝐴 = 1770.70 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
ℎ6 = 51.2 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑄𝑅 = 981.9 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
𝑒 = 44.5%
REHEAT REGENERATIVE CYCLE

10. A Rankine regenerative reheat steam cycle employs

steam at 2000 psia and 1050°F leaving the boiler. The cycle
includes one steam extraction stage for feed water heating
and one steam reheat to 950°F. The saturated steam
temperature in the condenser is 101.7°F. Calculate:
• Mass of steam removed for feed water heating
• Pump Work
• Heat Received
• Heat Rejected
• Turbine Work
• Net Cycle Work
• Cycle Thermal Efficiency
REHEAT REGENERATIVE CYCLE

2 ℎ1 = 347.9 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
𝑄𝐴1 1050°F ℎ2 = 1506 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
2000 psi
1 𝑊𝑡1
ℎ3 = 1214.8 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
𝑄𝐴2 ℎ4 = 1504 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
𝑊𝑝 3
7
4 950°F
ℎ5 = 1029.9 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
m 1-m ℎ6 = 69.7 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
𝑊𝑡2
ℎ7 = 341.3 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
1-m 101.7°F

6 5
𝑄𝑅
REHEAT REGENERATIVE CYCLE

Consider the Open Feedwater Heater

𝑚ℎ3 + 1 − 𝑚 ℎ6 = (1)ℎ7
𝑚 = 0.2372 𝑙𝑏 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒

Pump Work:
𝑊𝑝 = (1)(ℎ1 − ℎ7 )
ℎ1 = 347.9 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
𝑊𝑝 = 347.9 − 341.3
ℎ2 = 1506 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
ℎ3 = 1214.8 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑊𝑝 = 6.6 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
ℎ4 = 1504 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
ℎ5 = 1029.9 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
ℎ6 = 69.7 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
ℎ7 = 341.3 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
REHEAT REGENERATIVE CYCLE

Heat Rejected
𝑄𝑅 = (1 − 𝑚)(ℎ5 − ℎ6 )
𝑄𝑅 = 1 − 0.2372 1029.9 − 69.7
𝑄𝑅 = 732.4 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
Heat Added:
𝑄𝐴 = 𝑄𝐴1 + 𝑄𝐴 2
ℎ1 = 347.9 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑚 = 0.2372
ℎ2 = 1506 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑊𝑝 = 6.6 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑄𝐴1 = (1)(ℎ2 − ℎ1 )
ℎ3 = 1214.8 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑄𝐴1 = 1158.1
ℎ4 = 1504 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑄𝐴 2 = (1 − 𝑚)(ℎ4 − ℎ3 )
ℎ5 = 1029.9 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
𝑄𝐴 2 = 220.6
ℎ6 = 69.7 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
ℎ7 = 341.3 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑄𝐴 = 1378.7 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
REHEAT REGENERATIVE CYCLE

Work Turbine:
𝑊𝑡 = 𝑊𝑡 1 + 𝑊𝑡 2
𝑊𝑡 1 = (1)(ℎ2 − ℎ3 )
𝑊𝑡 1 = 291.2
𝑊𝑡 2 = (1 − 𝑚)(ℎ4 − ℎ5 )
𝑊𝑡 2 = 361.6
ℎ1 = 347.9 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑚 = 0.2372
ℎ2 = 1506 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑊𝑝 = 6.6 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑊𝑡 = 652.8 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ
ℎ3 = 1214.8 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑄𝑅 = 732.4 𝑙𝑏
𝑄𝐴 = 1378.7 𝐵𝑇𝑈 ൗ𝑙𝑏
ℎ4 = 1504 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ
ℎ5 = 1029.9 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑊𝑡 = 652.8 𝑙𝑏
ℎ6 = 69.7 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
ℎ7 = 341.3 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
REHEAT REGENERATIVE CYCLE

𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑊𝑡 − 𝑊𝑝
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 652.8 − 6.6
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 646.2 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
or
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑄𝐴 − 𝑄𝑅
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 1378.7 − 732.4
ℎ1 = 347.9 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑚 = 0.2372
𝑊𝑝 = 6.6 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 646.3 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
ℎ2 = 1506 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
ℎ3 = 1214.8 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑄𝑅 = 732.4 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏
ℎ4 = 1504 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑄𝐴 = 1378.7 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 646.3
ℎ5 = 1029.9 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑊𝑡 = 652.8 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑒= =
𝑄𝐴 1378.7
ℎ6 = 69.7 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏 𝑒 = 46.87%
ℎ7 = 341.3 𝐵𝑇𝑈ൗ𝑙𝑏