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Mechatronics Department

The document is a final report on image enhancement techniques in MATLAB. It summarizes several key image enhancement methods: [1] converting images to black and white or binary, [2] taking the negative of an image, [3] adjusting image brightness, [4] performing edge detection, and [5] removing salt and pepper noise. It provides examples of MATLAB code used for various image enhancement tasks and references several sources on digital image processing techniques.

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سجاد حبيب
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106 views

Mechatronics Department

The document is a final report on image enhancement techniques in MATLAB. It summarizes several key image enhancement methods: [1] converting images to black and white or binary, [2] taking the negative of an image, [3] adjusting image brightness, [4] performing edge detection, and [5] removing salt and pepper noise. It provides examples of MATLAB code used for various image enhancement tasks and references several sources on digital image processing techniques.

Uploaded by

سجاد حبيب
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

Middle Technical University

Engineering Technical College – Baghdad

Mechatronics Department

Fourth Stage

Image processing

The final Report : Image enhancement

The supervisor : Sura Ghanim

Name: Sajad hbeeb abaas

Date : 23/6/2020
Introduction:

The image enhancement is a technique or in other words process of


adjusting the digital images and the resultant image which we get are
more suitable for display. The aim of image enhancement is to
improve the perception of information in image for human viewers
and also for other automated image processing technique. It is a
method to perform an operation on an image , in order to get an
enhanced image and extract some information to it. In this image
processing, the input is an image and output may be the special
characteristics associated with that particular image. For this
purpose MATLAB is a very powerful tool. MATLAB is developed by
Math works and it is a high performance language to do
programming in easy-to-use environment. The main advantage of
MATLAB is its numerical precision is very high. different technique
will applied pixel to pixel to perform so many task- like converting a
image into Black and white., binary image, negative of an image,
increasing its brightness, edge detection, removing salt and pepper
noise etc. An image is supposed to provide information to the human
viewers. Computers are faster and more accurate than human beings
in processing numerical data. However, human beings score over
computers in recognition capability. Human beings use all the five
sensory organs to gather information about the outside world. The
old Chinese proverb „A picture speaks a thousand words‟ rightly
points out that the images are very powerful tools to provide
information to the viewers in every field i.e., medical images for
doctors, forensic images for police investigation, text images for
readers etc. In the process of image acquisition, image clarity is
affected by lighting, weather, distance, or equipment used for image
capture. Enhancement basically improves visual quality by providing
clear images for human observer and/or for machine in automatic
processing techniques.
There are more types of techniques to enhancement image :-

1.Black & white image:

A black and white image means that the image has the maximum
range up to 2 n , starting from 0 to 2n (where n is number of bit / bits
in one pixel).This is also called a gray scale image. Black and white
image has pure black means 0 up to pure white means 2n . for
example- if one pixel have 8 bits than the values are in between 0
(pure black) to 255 (pure white).The BW (Black and White) image
and Binary image both are different with each other as we can see in
the following images.

2.Binary image :

A binary image is a digital image that has only two possible values of
each pixel. Typically, the two colours used for binary image are black
and white, though any two colours can be used. The colour used for
the object(s) in the image is foreground colour while the rest of the
image is the background colour. Binary images are also called bilevel
or two-level. This means that each pixel is stored as a single bit i.e., 0
(black) or 1 (white).

3.Negative of an image:

Negative of an image is also called complement of that image. In the


complement of binary images zeros becomes ones and ones become
zeros; black and white are reversed. The complement of an intensity
or RGB image, each pixel value is subtracted from the maximum
pixel value supported by the class (or 1.0 for double precision
images) and the difference is used as the pixel value in the output
image. In the output image dark areas are become lighter and light
areas are become darker.

4. Brightness of an image:

Customized brightness of an image means to enhance the brightness


of the image so that it looks clear and attractive. In customized
brightness of an image we can change the image contrast and
brightness of the image.

5.Edge detection:

Edge detection is a technique for finding the boundaries of objects


within images. It works by detecting discontinuities in brightness.
Edge detection is used for image segmentation and data extraction in
areas such as image processing, computer vision and machine vision.
In an image, an edge is a curve that follows a path of rapid change in
image intensity.

6.Removing salt and pepper noise of an image:

Salt and paper noise is form of noise sometimes seen on images. It


presents itself as sparsely occurring white and black pixels. An
effective noise reduction method for this type of noise is a median
filter or a morphological filter.
INDENTATIONS AND EQUATIONS:

Some equations that are used in the programming are given below:

1. For loading image :

global im im2

[Path]=imgetfile();

2. For binary image :

global im

a=im2bw(im);

3. For gray image :

global im

imgray=(im(:,:,1)+im(:,:,2)+im(:,:,2));

4. For sliders:

a). global im2

val=2*get(hObject,‟value‟);

ibt=im2+val;

b). global im val=get(hobject,‟value‟);

c==(im(:,:,1)+im(:,:,2)+im(:,:,2))/val;
Ex. for Negative of an image

a=imread('C:\Users\Sajad
hbeeb\Desktop\CAD.CAM/Capture10.jpg');

[m,n]=size(a);

for i=1:1:m

for j=1:1:n

b(i,j)=255-a(i,j);

end

end

subplot(1,2,1),subimage((a))

subplot(1,2,2),subimage((b))
REFERENCES

[1] Ms. I. Suneetha and Dr. T. Venkateswarlu. 2012. Enhancement


Techniques for Gray scale Images in Spatial Domain. International
Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, website:
www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459). 2(4): 13-20.

[2] Ms. I. Suneetha and Dr. T. Venkateswarlu. 2012. Enhancement


Techniques for True Colour Images in Spatial Domain. International
Journal of Computer Science and Technology (IJCST). Website:
www.ijcst.com (ISSN 0976-8491). 3(2), April to June.

[3] R C Gonzalez and R. E. Woods. 2008. Digital Image Processing. 3rd


Edition, Prentice Hall.

[4] J. Y. im, L. S. Kim and S. H Hwang. 2001. An advanced Contrast


Enhancement Using Partially Overlapped Sub-Block Histogram
Equalization. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video
Technology.

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