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UT Useful Formulas: Feature Formula Remarks

This document provides formulas for key ultrasonic parameters used in non-destructive testing. It defines formulas for longitudinal and transverse velocity, frequency, acoustic impedance, near-field distance, beam divergence angle, reflection and transmission coefficients, Snell's law, amplitude attenuation, sound gain or loss, distance to reflectors or discontinuities, and formulas for calculating surface distance and depth using single or double leg inspection techniques. The document serves as a useful reference for the essential formulas related to ultrasonic testing.

Uploaded by

SANJAY AKASH B
Copyright
© Public Domain
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
38 views

UT Useful Formulas: Feature Formula Remarks

This document provides formulas for key ultrasonic parameters used in non-destructive testing. It defines formulas for longitudinal and transverse velocity, frequency, acoustic impedance, near-field distance, beam divergence angle, reflection and transmission coefficients, Snell's law, amplitude attenuation, sound gain or loss, distance to reflectors or discontinuities, and formulas for calculating surface distance and depth using single or double leg inspection techniques. The document serves as a useful reference for the essential formulas related to ultrasonic testing.

Uploaded by

SANJAY AKASH B
Copyright
© Public Domain
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UT Useful Formulas

Main ultrasonic parameters and their definition or relationship:

Feature Formula Remarks


Longitudinal Where:
(Compression) = Modulus of elasticity (Young’s modul
us) [N/m2]
velocity
= Mass density [kg/m3]
; [ m/s ]
= Poisson’s ratio

Transverse Where:
(shear) = Shear modulus [N/m2]
velocity

; [m/s ]

Frequency Where:
= Wave Length [m]

= Velocity [m/s]
; [Hz]

Acoustic Where:
impedance = Velocity [m/s]

; [kg/m2s] = Density [kg/m3 ]

Near‐field Where:
= Transduser diameter [mm]
(circular)
= Transduser frequency [Hz]
; [mm]
= Sound velocity [mm/s]

Beam Where:
divergence‐ = Beam divergence angle from
angle (circular) centerline to point where signal
is at half strength
Reflection Where:
coefficient = Acoustic impedance of Medium 1

= Acoustic impedance of Medium 2

Transmission Where:
coefficient = Reflection coefficient

UT Useful Formulas Page 1 of 2


Snell’s law Where:
= the longitudinal wave velocities
in the first and second materials,
respectively
= the shear wave velocities in the
first and second materials,
respectively
= the angles of incident and
refracted longitudinal waves,
respectively
= the angles of the converted
reflected and refracted shear
waves, respectively
Amplitude Where:
attenuation = Initial (unattenuated) amplitude
= Attenuation coefficient [dB/m]

= Traveled distance [m]

Sound amplitude Where:


; [dB] = Amblitude of the first pulse
gain (or loss) in
= Amblitude of the second pulse
Decibel

Distance to Where:
= Sound velocity (longitudinal or
reflector or
shear) [m/s]
discontinuity = Time difference [s]
(normal or angle
beam)

Surface Distance
& Depth (1st
Leg)

Surface Distance
& Depth (2nd
Leg)

Skip Distance for


weld inspection

UT Useful Formulas Page 2 of 2

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