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Mechanical Power Transmission

The document is a report about mechanical power transmission. It defines mechanical power transmission as the transfer of energy from where it's generated to where it's used. It discusses how mechanical power transmission elements such as shafts, couplings, gears, belts, and chains are used to transmit power efficiently and change attributes like rotational direction and speed. The report also describes common mechanical power transmission elements like shafts and couplings, power screws, gears, brakes, clutches, belts, ropes, pulleys, chains, and sprockets; and explains how each element transmits and modifies power.

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abdullah 3mar abou reasha
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742 views15 pages

Mechanical Power Transmission

The document is a report about mechanical power transmission. It defines mechanical power transmission as the transfer of energy from where it's generated to where it's used. It discusses how mechanical power transmission elements such as shafts, couplings, gears, belts, and chains are used to transmit power efficiently and change attributes like rotational direction and speed. The report also describes common mechanical power transmission elements like shafts and couplings, power screws, gears, brakes, clutches, belts, ropes, pulleys, chains, and sprockets; and explains how each element transmits and modifies power.

Uploaded by

abdullah 3mar abou reasha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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REPORT ABOUT

MECHANICAL POWER TRANSMISSION

Subject : M/C TOOL DESIGN

BY:
ABDULLAH OMAR MOHAMED ABOU REASHA

DATE : 19/2/2020

NOTE : THIS REPORT CONSISTS OF (14) PAGES ONLY

UNDER SUB. OF
Dr. GERGES EDWAR
 What is Mechanical power transmission?

Mechanical power transmission is the transfer of energy from where it’s


generated to a place where it is used to perform work using simple
machines, linkages and mechanical power transmission elements.

Nearly all machines have some kind of power and motion transmission from an
input source. This is usually an electric motor or an internal combustion engine
which typically provides rotary driving torque via an input shaft – coupling
combination.

 Why do we need mechanical power transmission?

There are many ways to generate power but sometimes its impossible to
generate power where it’s needed or in the right form or direction or magnitude.
Hence electrical & mechanical power transmissions are vital for any engineering
product design. This article is solely  about mechanical power transmission and
its elements excluding electrical power transmission. Mechanical power
transmission and its elements  are used for the following reasons :

[1]
1. Generated power or energy can be converted into a useful form.
2. Physical constraints limit the power generation at the place where its
used hence it can be transferred from source to a place where it is
needed.
3. It can be used to change direction and magnitude such as speed or
torque.
4. It can be used to change the type of energy i.e. rotational to linear and
vice versa.

 Mechanical power transmission elements

In an engineering product design such as automation drives, machinery etc,


power transmission and its elements  makes it possible to match the power
source to its operating environment and condition of the working elements.

 Benefits of power transmission elements

 Transmit power efficiently


 The elements help to split and distribute the power source to run
several mechanisms such as single motor running multiple conveyor
belts.
 To change rotational speeds
 Reverse the rotational direction from the motor
 Converts rotational movement into linear reciprocating motion

 Types of Mechanical power transmission elements

1-Shafts & Couplings

2-Power screws

3-Gears & Gear trains


[2]
4-Brakes & Clutches

5-Belts, Ropes & Pulleys

6-Chains & sprockets

1-Shafts & Couplings


As discussed earlier shafts and couplings are an integral part of the power
transmission for modern age engineering product designs such as machinery.
Since power transmission shafts are widely used in almost all types of
mechanical equipment design, the design is critical for the safe and long life of
the machines.

Shafts

Sub-components such as couplings, gears, pulleys, sprockets etc are mounted


on to a shaft to transmit power or rotation via the central portion of the
component called hub along with retention devices such as keys and splines.
The connection should ensure the connection transmits the load, power &
rotation without slipping and within the accuracy requirement of the design.

[3]
Types of connections and components required to be used along the shaft axis are

dictated by the functional requirements of the product and depends on the following

factors

– Magnitude of Torque
– Shaft size
– Rotation speed
– Direction of rotation

Couplings
Couplings also known as shaft couplings are used to connect two shaft ends
together to transmit both angular rotation and torque. The main design
requirement for couplings and its retention devices are that the rated torque
must be transmitted without slip, premature failure or in some cases it needs to
withstand misalignment.

Rigid & flexible couplings

Mechanical power transmission couplings are typically divided into two broad

categories

 Rigid coupling

 Flexible coupling

[4]
Rigid couplings are simple, easy to design and comparatively cheap though
require precise alignment of the shafts, whereas the flexible couplings can
accommodate shaft misalignment.

2-Power Screws
A Power screw also known as Leadscrew ( or lead screw) and translation screw,
is a screw used as a power transmission linkage element in an engineering
product such as machine to translate rotational motion into linear motion. The
large area of sliding contact between the male and female part of the screw
threads provides large mechanical advantage via the small wedge angle.

Power screw

Power screws have many applications such as linear leadscrews, machine slides,
vices, screw jack, mechanical press steering mechanisms etc. Most common
arrangements are set up such that the power screw rotates and the nut
translates into linear motion along the screws. But its also used in opposite
orientation such as the screw jack where nut rotates and screw moves linearly to
raise the jack.

[5]
These are not used on high power transmission because of large frictional
energy losses on screw threads but used on low power intermittent
transmission such as low accuracy positioners.

3-Gears and gear trains


Gear trains are multiple sets of gears that transmit power . A gear train is a
mechanical power transmission system where gears are installed on shafts so
the teeth of the mating gears engage and each roll on each other on its pitch
circle diameter.

Gears and gear trains

Speed ratio and mechanical advantage of mating gears are defined by the pitch
circle diameter ratio.

4-Brakes and Clutches


[6]
Theoretically, brakes and clutches are nearly indistinguishable, though
functionally clutches are couplings that are used to engage and disengage the
transmitted power between two connecting shafts rotating at different speeds
on a common axis. The main function of a clutch is to bring both elements to a
common angular velocity.

brakes & clutches

A brake function in a similar manner, except that one of the elements, is fixed,
so when actuated the common angular velocity is zero.

Although brakes and clutches are known for its automotive application, it’s also
widely used in winches, mowers, hoists, washing machines, tractors, mills,
elevators and excavators.

Clutches

[7]
Mechanical clutches can be classified and distinguished in a variety of ways
depending on its engagement type, operating principle, type of actuation & method
of operation.

Brakes

Like the clutches, there are mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic and electric brakes.

It can be classified according to their function :

 Locking brakes, stop brakes

 Regulating brakes

 Dynamometric brakes
 Hydraulic
 electric
Some of the common types of brakes:

 Shoe brakes

 Band bakes

 Disc brakes

 Drum brakes

[8]
5-Belts, Ropes & Pulleys
Belts and pulleys are used when the distance between the shafts too far apart to
use gears.

ropes and pulleys

6-Chain& Sprockets
Chains are used for lower speed applications where distance between the shafts are
too far apart to use gear trains and belts are going to support the torque that needs
transmitting. They are also a good way of transmitting power when exact speed
ratios are needed

chains and sprockets

[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]

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