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Classification of Animals

The document summarizes the classification of animals according to their kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. It explains that animals are classified into vertebrates and invertebrates. The largest phyla of invertebrates include sponges, jellyfish, flatworms, roundworms, mollusks, segmented worms, echinoderms and arthropods. It then provides data on the number of described species across bacteria, protoctists, plants, fungi and animals.

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Nelly Bling Bailey
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58 views3 pages

Classification of Animals

The document summarizes the classification of animals according to their kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. It explains that animals are classified into vertebrates and invertebrates. The largest phyla of invertebrates include sponges, jellyfish, flatworms, roundworms, mollusks, segmented worms, echinoderms and arthropods. It then provides data on the number of described species across bacteria, protoctists, plants, fungi and animals.

Uploaded by

Nelly Bling Bailey
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Classification of animals

The Classification of animals :  

Animal Kingdom can be split up into main groups,


vertebrates (with a backbone) and invertebrates 
(without a backbone). When you think of an
animal, you usually think of something like a cat, a
dog, a mouse, or a tiger. All told, around 800,000
species have been identified in the Animal Kingdom
-- most of them in the Arthropod phylum. In fact,
some scientists believe that if we were to identify
all species in the tropical rain forests the ranks of
Arthropoda would swell to over 10 million species! 
Most people do not normally think of a clam, a
jellyfish, or an earthworm as an animal. 

 Yet all of them belong to the kingdom of animals.  The science of


classifying organisms is called taxonomy.

In order to study living things, scientists classify each organism according to


its:

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Usually, a species is called by its genus name (capitalized) followed by its


species name (lower case), so a human being is called Homo sapiens. In
Latin that means "wise man."

To date there are five kingdoms: Animalia, which is made up of animals;


Plantae, which is made up of plants; Protista, which is made up of protists
(single-celled creatures invisible to the human eye); Fungi, which is made
up of mushrooms, mold, yeast, lichen, etc; and Monera, which is made up
of the three types of bacteria.
The next category is the Phylum. There are several phyla within each
kingdom. The phyla start to break the animals (or plants, fungi, etc) into
smaller and more recognizable groups. The best known phylum is Chordata,
which contains all animals with backbones (fish, birds, mammals, reptiles,
amphibians). There is also Arthropoda (insects, spiders, crustaceans);
Mollusca (snails, squid, clam); Annelida (segmented worms);
Echinodermata (starfish, sea urchins) and many, many more.

The next category that makes up the phyla is the Class. The class breaks up
animals into even more familiar groups. For example, the phylum Chordata
is broken down into several classes, including Aves (birds), Reptilia
(reptiles), Amphibia (amphibians), Mammalia (mammals) and several
others.

The next category is the Order. Each class is made up of one or more
orders. Mammalia can be broken down into Rodentia (mice, rats), Primates
(Old- and New-World monkeys), Chiroptera (bats), Insectivora (shrews,
moles), Carnivora (dogs, cats, weasels), Perissodactyla (horses, zebras),
Artiodactyla (cows), Proboscidea (elephants) and many more.

Orders can then be broken down into Families. The order Carnivora can be
broken down into Canidae (dogs), Felidae (cats), Ursidae (bears),
Hyaenidae (hyaenas, aardwolves), Mustelidae (weasels, wolverines), and
many more.

The next category is the Genus. The family Felidae, for example, can be
broken down into Acinonyx (cheetah), Panthera (lion, tiger), Neofelis
(clouded leopard) and Felis (domestic cats).

Finally, the genus is broken down into the Species. The genus Panthera can
be broken down to include Panthera leo (lion) and Panthera tigris (tiger).
Note that the genus is placed in front of the species.

Main group of Invertebrates are :

The largest and most commonly studied phyla of animals are:

1. Porifera (sponges)
2. Cnidaria (jellyfish, hydras, sea anemones, Portuguese man-of-wars,
and corals)
3. Platyhelminthes (flatworms, including planaria, flukes, and
tapeworms)
4. Nematoda (roundworms, including rotifers and nematodes)
5. Mollusca (mollusks, including bivalves, snails and slugs, and
octopuses and squids)
6. Annelida (segmented worms, including earthworms, leeches, and
marine worms)
7. Echinodermata (including sea stars, sea cucumbers, sand dollars,
and sea urchins)
8. Arthropods (including arachnids, crustaceans, millipedes, centipedes,
and insects)
9. Chordata (animals with nerve chords - this group includes the
vertebrates)

KINGDOM NR.OF SPECIES

Bacteria.............................................. 4,000
Protoctists (algae, protozoa, etc)......... 80,000
Animals, vertebrates........................... 52,000
Animals, invertebrates.................... 1,272,000
Fungi................................................. 72,000
Plants.............................................. 270,000

Total number of described species... 1,750,000


Possible nr. with unknown species: 14,000,000

from the United Nations publication: UNEP-WCMC (2000). Global


Biodiversity: Earth's living resources in the 21st century. Cambridge, World
Conservation Press.

The Animal Kingdom is at once the Kingdom most and least familiar to us.
Almost all of the animals we commonly think of -- mammals, fish, and birds
-- belong to a single subgroup within one of the 33 Phyla comprising the
Animal Kingdom. On the other hand, over 100,000 species in some 25
animal phyla -- mostly small worms -- are so unfamiliar that they are
virtually unknown to non-scientists. The same goes for several hundred
thousand tiny insect-like species populating the Arthropoda phylum.

Animal Classification

Scientists who study living things are called biologists. Biologists classify
living things into two kingdoms, the Plant Kingdom and the Animal
Kingdom. The study of plants is called botany. Scientists who study plants
are called botanists. The study of animals is called zoology. Scientists who
study zoology are called zoologists. Zoologists study thousands of different
kinds of animals. ~Article by By Prof.  R. Shetty

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