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Entropy Problems

The document contains examples of thermodynamics problems involving concepts like entropy, ideal gases, Carnot cycles, turbines, compressors, and refrigerants. The problems ask the reader to determine values like heat transfer, work, efficiency, temperature, pressure, entropy and sketch processes on diagrams using given initial and final thermodynamic states.

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Travis Bickle
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
73 views

Entropy Problems

The document contains examples of thermodynamics problems involving concepts like entropy, ideal gases, Carnot cycles, turbines, compressors, and refrigerants. The problems ask the reader to determine values like heat transfer, work, efficiency, temperature, pressure, entropy and sketch processes on diagrams using given initial and final thermodynamic states.

Uploaded by

Travis Bickle
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Thermodynamics:

Entropy

Professor:
Dr. Francisco Elizalde Blancas
[email protected]
EXAMPLES
Determine the change in specific entropy between the specified states, in kJ/kg K
(a) Water, p1=10 MPa, T1=400˚C, p2=10 MPa, T2=100˚C
(b) Refrigerant 134a, h1=111.44 kJ/kg, T1=-40˚C, saturated vapor at p2=5 bars
(c) Air as an ideal gas, T1=7˚C, p1=2 bars, T2=327˚C, p2=1 bar
(d) hydrogen (H2) as an ideal gas, T1=727˚C, p1=1 bar, T2=25˚C, p2=3 bars
EXAMPLES
One-half kilogram of carbon monoxide gas (CO) undergoes a process from p1=1.5
bars, T1=300 K to p2=5 bars, T2=370 K. For the process W=-30 kJ. Employing the
ideal gas model, determine
(a) The heat transfer, in kJ
(b) The change in entropy, in kJ/K
(c) Show the initial and final states on a T-s diagram
EXAMPLES
One kilogram of water executes a Carnot power cycle. At the beginning of the
isothermal expansion, the water is a saturated liquid at 160°C. The isothermal
expansion continues until the volume becomes 0.3 m3. The temperature at the
conclusion of the adiabatic expansion is 20°C
(a) Sketch the cycle on T-s and p-v coordinates
(b) Determine the heat added and net work, each in kJ
(c) Evaluate the thermal efficiency
EXAMPLES

A piston-cylinder assembly contains 1 lb of Refrigerant 134a initially as saturated


vapor at -10°F. The refrigerant is compressed adiabatically to a final volume of
0.24 ft3. Determine if it is possible for the pressure of the refrigerant at the final
state to be
(a) 200 lbf/in2
(b) 300 lbf/in2
EXAMPLES
Air at 100 lbf/in2, 100°F enters a turbine operating at steady state and expands
adiabatically to 25 lbf/in2. Employing the ideal gas model and neglecting kinetic
an potential energy changes, determine
(a) The lowest temperature that could exist at the exit
(b) The highest temperature that could exist at the exit

The figure shows a proposed device to develop power using energy discharged from
a high-temperature industrial process. The figure provides data for steady-state
operation. All surfaces are well insulated except for one at 327°C, through which
heat transfer to the steam occurs at a rate of 120 kJ per kg of steam flowing through
the device. Ignoring changes in kinetic and potential energy, evaluate the maximum
theoretical work than can be developed, in kJ per kg of steam.
EXAMPLES

Steam at 1000 lbf/in2, 1100°F enters an insulated turbine with a mass flow rate of
50000 lb/h. At steady state, 20% of the total flow is extracted at 300 lbf/in2, 800°F
and diverted for use in another process. The remainder of the total flow continues
to expand through the turbine, exiting at 1 lbf/in2, and 99% quality. Changes in
kinetic and potential energy can be ignored. For the turbine, determine
(a) the power developed, in Btu/lb
(b) the rate of entropy production, in Btu/h°R

Steam at 400°F enters an insulated turbine operating at steady state and exits at 3
lbf/in2. If the isentropic turbine efficiency is 72%, determine the range of turbine inlet
pressure that ensures the quality of steam at the exit will be at least 90%.
EXAMPLES

Air enters an insulated compressor operating at steady state at 1.05 bars, 23°C with
a mass flow rate of 1.8 kg/s and exits at 2.9 bars. Kinetic and potential energy
effects are negligible.
(a) Determine the minimum theoretical power input required in kW, and the
corresponding exit temperature in °C
(b) If the isentropic compressor efficiency is 80%, determine the power input, in kW
and the temperature at the compressor exit, in °C.

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