AP® Calculus BC

2008 Scoring Guidelines

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 AP® CALCULUS BC
2008 SCORING GUIDELINES
Question 1

Let R be the region bounded by the graphs of y = sin (π x ) and y = x3 − 4 x, as shown in the figure
above.
(a) Find the area of R.
(b) The horizontal line y = −2 splits the region R into two parts. Write, but do not evaluate, an integral
expression for the area of the part of R that is below this horizontal line.
(c) The region R is the base of a solid. For this solid, each cross section perpendicular to the x-axis is a
square. Find the volume of this solid.
(d) The region R models the surface of a small pond. At all points in R at a distance x from the y-axis,
the depth of the water is given by h( x ) = 3 − x. Find the volume of water in the pond.

(a) sin (π x ) = x3 − 4 x at x = 0 and x = 2 ⎧ 1 : limits

⎪
∫ 0 ( sin (π x ) − ( x ) ) dx = 4
2 3 : ⎨ 1 : integrand
Area = 3
− 4x
⎪⎩ 1 : answer

(b) x3 − 4 x = −2 at r = 0.5391889 and s = 1.6751309

The area of the stated region is ∫ r ( −2 − ( x
s 3
− 4x )) dx
2: { 1 : limits
1 : integrand

(c) Volume = ∫ 0 ( sin (π x ) − ( x

2 3
− 4x ))
2
dx = 9.978 2: { 1 : integrand
1 : answer

(d) Volume = ∫ 0 ( 3 − x ) ( sin (π x ) − ( x

2 3
− 4x ) ) dx = 8.369 or 8.370 2: { 1 : integrand
1 : answer

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 AP® CALCULUS BC
2008 SCORING GUIDELINES
Question 2

t (hours) 0 1 3 4 7 8 9

L( t ) (people) 120 156 176 126 150 80 0

Concert tickets went on sale at noon ( t = 0 ) and were sold out within 9 hours. The number of people waiting in
line to purchase tickets at time t is modeled by a twice-differentiable function L for 0 ≤ t ≤ 9. Values of L( t ) at
various times t are shown in the table above.
(a) Use the data in the table to estimate the rate at which the number of people waiting in line was changing at
5:30 P.M. ( t = 5.5 ) . Show the computations that lead to your answer. Indicate units of measure.
(b) Use a trapezoidal sum with three subintervals to estimate the average number of people waiting in line during
the first 4 hours that tickets were on sale.
(c) For 0 ≤ t ≤ 9, what is the fewest number of times at which L′( t ) must equal 0 ? Give a reason for your answer.

(d) The rate at which tickets were sold for 0 ≤ t ≤ 9 is modeled by r ( t ) = 550te−t 2 tickets per hour. Based on the
model, how many tickets were sold by 3 P.M. ( t = 3) , to the nearest whole number?

(a) L′( 5.5 ) ≈

L( 7 ) − L( 4 ) 150 − 126
7−4
=
3
= 8 people per hour 2: { 1 : estimate
1 : units
(b) The average number of people waiting in line during the first 4 hours is
approximately 2: { 1 : trapezoidal sum
1 : answer
1 ⎛ L( 0 ) + L(1) L(1) + L( 3) L( 3) + L( 4 )
⎜ (1 − 0 ) + (3 − 1) + ( 4 − 3) ⎞⎟
4⎝ 2 2 2 ⎠
= 155.25 people
(c) L is differentiable on [ 0, 9] so the Mean Value Theorem implies ⎧ 1 : considers change in
L′( t ) > 0 for some t in (1, 3) and some t in ( 4, 7 ) . Similarly, ⎪⎪ sign of L′
3: ⎨
L′( t ) < 0 for some t in ( 3, 4 ) and some t in ( 7, 8 ) . Then, since L′ is ⎪ 1 : analysis
continuous on [ 0, 9] , the Intermediate Value Theorem implies that ⎩⎪ 1 : conclusion
L′( t ) = 0 for at least three values of t in [ 0, 9].

OR OR
The continuity of L on [1, 4] implies that L attains a maximum value ⎧ 1 : considers relative extrema
there. Since L( 3) > L(1) and L( 3) > L( 4 ) , this maximum occurs on ⎪⎪ of L on ( 0, 9 )
3: ⎨
(1, 4 ) . Similarly, L attains a minimum on ( 3, 7 ) and a maximum on ⎪ 1 : analysis
( 4, 8 ) . L is differentiable, so L′( t ) = 0 at each relative extreme point ⎪⎩ 1 : conclusion
on ( 0, 9 ) . Therefore L′( t ) = 0 for at least three values of t in [ 0, 9].

[Note: There is a function L that satisfies the given conditions with

L′( t ) = 0 for exactly three values of t.]

{
3
(d) ∫ 0 r ( t ) dt = 972.784 2:
1 : integrand
1 : limits and answer
There were approximately 973 tickets sold by 3 P.M.
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 AP® CALCULUS BC
2008 SCORING GUIDELINES
Question 3

x h( x ) h′ ( x ) h′′( x ) h′′′( x ) h( 4 ) ( x )

1 11 30 42 99 18
488 448 584
2 80 128
3 3 9
753 1383 3483 1125
3 317
2 4 16 16

Let h be a function having derivatives of all orders for x > 0. Selected values of h and its first four
derivatives are indicated in the table above. The function h and these four derivatives are increasing on
the interval 1 ≤ x ≤ 3.
(a) Write the first-degree Taylor polynomial for h about x = 2 and use it to approximate h(1.9 ) . Is this
approximation greater than or less than h(1.9 ) ? Explain your reasoning.
(b) Write the third-degree Taylor polynomial for h about x = 2 and use it to approximate h(1.9 ) .
(c) Use the Lagrange error bound to show that the third-degree Taylor polynomial for h about x = 2
approximates h(1.9 ) with error less than 3 × 10− 4.

(a) P1 ( x ) = 80 + 128 ( x − 2 ) , so h(1.9 ) ≈ P1 (1.9 ) = 67.2 ⎧ 2 : P1 ( x )

⎪
4 : ⎨ 1 : P1 (1.9 )
P1 (1.9 ) < h(1.9 ) since h′ is increasing on the interval ⎪⎩ 1 : P (1.9 ) < h(1.9 ) with reason
1
1 ≤ x ≤ 3.

488
(b) P3 ( x ) = 80 + 128 ( x − 2 ) + ( x − 2 )2 + 448 ( x − 2 )3 ⎧ 2 : P3 ( x )
6 18 3: ⎨
⎩ 1 : P3 (1.9 )
h(1.9 ) ≈ P3 (1.9 ) = 67.988

(c) The fourth derivative of h is increasing on the interval

1 ≤ x ≤ 3, so max h( 4 ) ( x ) =
584
.
2: { 1 : form of Lagrange error estimate
1 : reasoning
1.9 ≤ x ≤ 2 9
4
584 1.9 − 2
Therefore, h(1.9 ) − P3 (1.9 ) ≤
9 4!
= 2.7037 × 10− 4
< 3 × 10− 4

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 AP® CALCULUS BC
2008 SCORING GUIDELINES
Question 4

A particle moves along the x-axis so that its velocity at time t, for 0 ≤ t ≤ 6, is given by a differentiable
function v whose graph is shown above. The velocity is 0 at t = 0, t = 3, and t = 5, and the graph has
horizontal tangents at t = 1 and t = 4. The areas of the regions bounded by the t-axis and the graph of v on
the intervals [ 0, 3] , [3, 5] , and [5, 6] are 8, 3, and 2, respectively. At time t = 0, the particle is at x = −2.
(a) For 0 ≤ t ≤ 6, find both the time and the position of the particle when the particle is farthest to the left.
Justify your answer.
(b) For how many values of t, where 0 ≤ t ≤ 6, is the particle at x = −8 ? Explain your reasoning.
(c) On the interval 2 < t < 3, is the speed of the particle increasing or decreasing? Give a reason for your
answer.
(d) During what time intervals, if any, is the acceleration of the particle negative? Justify your answer.

(a) Since v( t ) < 0 for 0 < t < 3 and 5 < t < 6, and v( t ) > 0 ⎧ 1 : identifies t = 3 as a candidate
for 3 < t < 5, we consider t = 3 and t = 6. ⎪⎪ 6
3 : ⎨ 1 : considers ∫ v( t ) dt
⎪
3 0
x( 3) = −2 + ∫ 0 v( t ) dt = −2 − 8 = −10 ⎪⎩ 1 : conclusion
6
x( 6 ) = −2 + ∫ 0 v( t ) dt = −2 − 8 + 3 − 2 = −9
Therefore, the particle is farthest left at time t = 3 when
its position is x( 3) = −10.
(b) The particle moves continuously and monotonically from ⎧ 1 : positions at t = 3, t = 5,
x( 0 ) = −2 to x( 3) = −10. Similarly, the particle moves ⎪⎪ and t = 6
3: ⎨
continuously and monotonically from x( 3) = −10 to ⎪ 1 : description of motion
x( 5 ) = −7 and also from x( 5 ) = −7 to x( 6 ) = −9. ⎪⎩ 1 : conclusion

By the Intermediate Value Theorem, there are three values

of t for which the particle is at x( t ) = −8.
(c) The speed is decreasing on the interval 2 < t < 3 since on 1 : answer with reason
this interval v < 0 and v is increasing.
(d) The acceleration is negative on the intervals 0 < t < 1 and
4 < t < 6 since velocity is decreasing on these intervals.
2: { 1 : answer
1 : justification

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 AP® CALCULUS BC
2008 SCORING GUIDELINES
Question 5

The derivative of a function f is given by f ′( x ) = ( x − 3) e x for x > 0, and f (1) = 7.

(a) The function f has a critical point at x = 3. At this point, does f have a relative minimum, a relative
maximum, or neither? Justify your answer.
(b) On what intervals, if any, is the graph of f both decreasing and concave up? Explain your reasoning.
(c) Find the value of f ( 3) .

(a) f ′( x ) < 0 for 0 < x < 3 and f ′ ( x ) > 0 for x > 3 ⎧ 1: minimum at x = 3
2: ⎨
⎩ 1: justification
Therefore, f has a relative minimum at x = 3.

(b) f ′′( x ) = e x + ( x − 3) e x = ( x − 2 ) e x ⎧ 2 : f ′′( x )

3: ⎨
f ′′( x ) > 0 for x > 2 ⎩ 1 : answer with reason

f ′( x ) < 0 for 0 < x < 3

Therefore, the graph of f is both decreasing and concave up on the

interval 2 < x < 3.

3 3
(c) f ( 3) = f (1) + ∫1 f ′( x ) dx = 7 + ∫ 1 ( x − 3) e
x
dx ⎧ 1 : uses initial condition
⎪
4: ⎨ 2 : integration by parts
u = x − 3 dv = e x dx ⎪⎩ 1 : answer
du = dx v = ex
3 3 x
f ( 3) = 7 + ( x − 3) e x
1
− ∫1 e dx

( )1
3
= 7 + ( x − 3) e x − e x

= 7 + 3e − e3

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 AP® CALCULUS BC
2008 SCORING GUIDELINES
Question 6
dy y
Consider the logistic differential equation = ( 6 − y ) . Let y = f ( t ) be the particular solution to the
dt 8
differential equation with f ( 0 ) = 8.
(a) A slope field for this differential equation is given below. Sketch possible
solution curves through the points ( 3, 2 ) and ( 0, 8 ) .
(Note: Use the axes provided in the exam booklet.)

(b) Use Euler’s method, starting at t = 0 with two steps of equal size, to
approximate f (1) .
(c) Write the second-degree Taylor polynomial for f about t = 0, and use it
to approximate f (1) .
(d) What is the range of f for t ≥ 0 ?

(a) ⎧ 1: solution curve through ( 0,8 )

2: ⎨
⎩ 1: solution curve through ( 3, 2 )

(b) f ( 12 ) ≈ 8 + ( −2) ( 12 ) = 7 ⎧ 1 : Euler’s method with two steps

2: ⎨
⎩ 1 : approximation of f (1)
f (1) ≈ 7 + ( − )( ) =
7 1 105
8 2 16

(6 − y ) + (− )
2
d y 1 dy y dy ⎧ d2y
(c) = ⎪⎪ 2 :
dt 2 8 dt 8 dt
4: ⎨ dt 2
f ( 0 ) = 8; f ′( 0 ) =
dy
=
8
( 6 − 8 ) = −2; and ⎪ 1 : second-degree Taylor polynomial
dt t =0 8 ⎪⎩ 1 : approximation of f (1)
2
d y 1
f ′′( 0 ) = = ( −2 )( −2 ) + 8 ( 2 ) = 5
dt 2 t =0
8 8 2
The second-degree Taylor polynomial for f about
5
t = 0 is P2 ( t ) = 8 − 2t + t 2 .
4
29
f (1) ≈ P2 (1) =
4
(d) The range of f for t ≥ 0 is 6 < y ≤ 8 . 1 : answer

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