AP® Calculus BC

2006 Scoring Guidelines

Form B

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 AP® CALCULUS BC
2006 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B)

Question 1

x3 x 2 x
Let f be the function given by f ( x ) = − − + 3cos x. Let R
4 3 2
be the shaded region in the second quadrant bounded by the graph of f,
and let S be the shaded region bounded by the graph of f and line l,
the line tangent to the graph of f at x = 0, as shown above.
(a) Find the area of R.
(b) Find the volume of the solid generated when R is rotated about the
horizontal line y = −2.
(c) Write, but do not evaluate, an integral expression that can be used
to find the area of S.

For x < 0, f ( x ) = 0 when x = −1.37312.

Let P = −1.37312.

{
0
(a) Area of R = ∫ P f ( x ) dx = 2.903 2:
1 : integral
1 : answer

( ( f ( x ) + 2)2 − 4) dx = 59.361
0
(b) Volume = π ∫ ⎧ 1 : limits and constant
P ⎪
4 : ⎨ 2 : integrand
⎪⎩ 1 : answer

1
(c) The equation of the tangent line l is y = 3 − x. ⎧ 1 : tangent line
2 ⎪
3 : ⎨ 1 : integrand
⎪⎩ 1 : limits
The graph of f and line l intersect at A = 3.38987.

((3 − 12 x ) − f ( x )) dx
A
Area of S = ⌠
⎮
⌡0

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 AP® CALCULUS BC
2006 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B)

Question 2

An object moving along a curve in the xy-plane is at position ( x( t ) , y ( t ) ) at time t, where

dy
dx
dt ( )
= tan e − t and
dt ( )
= sec e − t

for t ≥ 0. At time t = 1, the object is at position ( 2, −3) .

(a) Write an equation for the line tangent to the curve at position ( 2, −3) .
(b) Find the acceleration vector and the speed of the object at time t = 1.
(c) Find the total distance traveled by the object over the time interval 1 ≤ t ≤ 2.
(d) Is there a time t ≥ 0 at which the object is on the y-axis? Explain why or why not.

dy
(a)
dy
= dt =
sec e −t ( )
=
1 ⎧ 1 : dy
⎪
dx dx
dt
tan e − t
( ) sin e −t ( ) 2: ⎨ dx ( 2, − 3)
⎪ 1 : equation of tangent line
⎩
dy 1
= = 2.780 or 2.781
dx ( 2, − 3) sin e −1( )
1
y+3= ( x − 2)
( )
sin e −1

(b) x′′(1) = −0.42253, y ′′(1) = −0.15196

2: { 1 : acceleration vector
1 : speed
a(1) = −0.423, −0.152 or −0.422, −0.151 .

( sec ( e−1 ) ) + ( tan ( e−1 ) )

2 2
speed = = 1.138 or 1.139

2
(c) ∫1 ( x′ ( t ) )2 + ( y ′ ( t ) )2 dt = 1.059
2: { 1 : integral
1 : answer

1
(d) x( 0 ) = x(1) − ∫ 0 x′( t ) dt = 2 − 0.775553 > 0 ⎧ 1 : x( 0 ) expression
⎪
3 : ⎨ 1 : x′( t ) > 0
⎪⎩ 1 : conclusion and reason
The particle starts to the right of the y-axis.
Since x′( t ) > 0 for all t ≥ 0, the object is always moving
to the right and thus is never on the y-axis.

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 AP® CALCULUS BC
2006 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B)

Question 3

The figure above is the graph of a function of x, which models the height of a
skateboard ramp. The function meets the following requirements.
(i) At x = 0, the value of the function is 0, and the slope of the graph of
the function is 0.
(ii) At x = 4, the value of the function is 1, and the slope of the graph of
the function is 1.
(iii) Between x = 0 and x = 4, the function is increasing.

(a) Let f ( x ) = ax 2 , where a is a nonzero constant. Show that it is not possible to find a value for a so that f
meets requirement (ii) above.
x2
(b) Let g ( x ) = cx3 − , where c is a nonzero constant. Find the value of c so that g meets requirement (ii)
16
above. Show the work that leads to your answer.
(c) Using the function g and your value of c from part (b), show that g does not meet requirement (iii) above.
xn
(d) Let h( x ) = , where k is a nonzero constant and n is a positive integer. Find the values of k and n so that
k
h meets requirement (ii) above. Show that h also meets requirements (i) and (iii) above.

1 ⎧⎪ 1 : a = 1 or a = 1
(a) f ( 4 ) = 1 implies that a = and f ′( 4 ) = 2a ( 4 ) = 1
16 2: ⎨ 16 8
1 ⎪⎩ 1 : shows a does not work
implies that a = . Thus, f cannot satisfy (ii).
8

1
(b) g ( 4 ) = 64c − 1 = 1 implies that c = . 1 : value of c
32
When c =
1
32
, g ′( 4 ) = 3c ( 4 )2 −
2 ( 4)
16
=3
1
32 ( ) 1
(16 ) − = 1
2

3 2 x 1
(c) g ′( x ) = x − = x ( 3x − 4 ) ⎧ 1 : g ′( x )
32 8 32 2: ⎨
4 ⎩ 1 : explanation
g ′( x ) < 0 for 0 < x < , so g does not satisfy (iii).
3

4n ⎧ 4n
(d) h ( 4) = = 1 implies that 4n = k . ⎪1: k =1
k
⎪
n 4n −1 n4n −1 n ⎪
4 : ⎨ 1 : n4
n -1
h′ ( 4 ) = = = = 1 gives n = 4 and k = 44 = 256. =1
k 4 n 4 ⎪ k
⎪ 1 : values for k and n
⎪⎩ 1 : verifications
x4
h( x) = ⇒ h ( 0 ) = 0.
256
4 x3
h′ ( x ) = ⇒ h′ ( 0 ) = 0 and h′ ( x ) > 0 for 0 < x < 4.
256

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 AP® CALCULUS BC
2006 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B)

Question 4

The rate, in calories per minute, at which a person using an

exercise machine burns calories is modeled by the function
1 3
f. In the figure above, f ( t ) = − t 3 + t 2 + 1 for
4 2
0 ≤ t ≤ 4 and f is piecewise linear for 4 ≤ t ≤ 24.
(a) Find f ′ ( 22) . Indicate units of measure.
(b) For the time interval 0 ≤ t ≤ 24, at what time t is f
increasing at its greatest rate? Show the reasoning that
supports your answer.
(c) Find the total number of calories burned over the time
interval 6 ≤ t ≤ 18 minutes.
(d) The setting on the machine is now changed so that the person burns f ( t ) + c calories per minute. For this
setting, find c so that an average of 15 calories per minute is burned during the time interval 6 ≤ t ≤ 18.

15 − 3
(a) f ′( 22 ) = = −3 calories/min/min 1 : f ′( 22 ) and units
20 − 24

(b) f is increasing on [ 0, 4] and on [12, 16]. ⎧ 1 : f ′ on ( 0, 4 )

15 − 9 3 ⎪⎪ 1 : shows f ′ has a max at t = 2 on ( 0, 4 )
On (12, 16 ) , f ′( t ) = = since f has 4: ⎨
16 − 12 2
⎪ 1 : shows for 12 < t < 16, f ′( t ) < f ′( 2 )
constant slope on this interval.
⎩⎪ 1 : answer
3
On ( 0, 4 ) , f ′( t ) = − t 2 + 3t and
4
3
f ′′( t ) = − t + 3 = 0 when t = 2. This is where f ′
2
has a maximum on [ 0, 4] since f ′′ > 0 on ( 0, 2 )
and f ′′ < 0 on ( 2, 4 ) .
On [ 0, 24] , f is increasing at its greatest rate when
3
t = 2 because f ′( 2 ) = 3 > .
2

{
18 1
(c) ∫6 f ( t ) dt = 6 ( 9 ) +
2
( 4 )( 9 + 15 ) + 2 (15 )
2:
1 : method
1 : answer
= 132 calories

{
1 18
(d) We want
12 6 ∫
( f ( t ) + c ) dt = 15.
2:
1 : setup
1 : value of c
This means 132 + 12c = 15(12). So, c = 4.
OR
132
Currently, the average is = 11 calories/min.
12
Adding c to f ( t ) will shift the average by c.
So c = 4 to get an average of 15 calories/min.

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 AP® CALCULUS BC
2006 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B)

Question 5

Let f be a function with f ( 4) = 1 such that all points ( x, y ) on the graph of f satisfy the differential equation

dy
= 2 y (3 − x) .
dx
Let g be a function with g ( 4) = 1 such that all points ( x, y ) on the graph of g satisfy the logistic differential
equation
dy
= 2 y (3 − y ) .
dx
(a) Find y = f ( x ) .
(b) Given that g ( 4) = 1, find lim g ( x ) and lim g ′ ( x ) . (It is not necessary to solve for g ( x ) or to show how
x→∞ x→∞
you arrived at your answers.)
(c) For what value of y does the graph of g have a point of inflection? Find the slope of the graph of g at the
point of inflection. (It is not necessary to solve for g ( x ) . )

dy
(a) = 2 y (3 − x ) ⎧ 1 : separates variables
dx ⎪ 1 : antiderivatives
1 ⎪
dy = 2 ( 3 − x ) dx 5 : ⎨ 1 : constant of integration
y
⎪ 1 : uses initial condition
ln y = 6 x − x 2 + C ⎪
0 = 24 − 16 + C ⎩ 1 : solution
C = −8
Note: max 2 5 [1-1-0-0-0] if no
ln y = 6 x − x 2 − 8
2
constant of integration
y = e6 x − x −8
for −∞ < x < ∞ Note: 0 5 if no separation of variables

(b) lim g ( x ) = 3 ⎧⎪ 1 : xlim g( x) = 3

x →∞ →∞
2: ⎨
⎪⎩ 1 : xlim g ′( x ) = 0
→∞
lim g ′( x ) = 0
x →∞

d2y dy ⎧1: y = 3
(c) = (6 − 4 y ) ⎪⎪ 2
dx 2 dx 2: ⎨ dy
dy ⎪1:
Because ≠ 0 at any point on the graph of g, the ⎪⎩ dx y = 3 2
dx
3
concavity only changes sign at y = , half the carrying
2
capacity.
dy
dx y = 3 2
=2
3
2
3−( )(
3
2
=
9
2 )
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 AP® CALCULUS BC
2006 SCORING GUIDELINES (Form B)

Question 6
1
The function f is defined by f ( x ) = . The Maclaurin series for f is given by
1 + x3

1 − x3 + x6 − x9 + L + ( −1) n x3n + L ,
which converges to f ( x ) for −1 < x < 1.

(a) Find the first three nonzero terms and the general term for the Maclaurin series for f ′ ( x ) .
3 6 9 3n
(b) Use your results from part (a) to find the sum of the infinite series − + − + L + ( −1) n 3n −1 + L.
22 25 28 2
x
(c) Find the first four nonzero terms and the general term for the Maclaurin series representing ∫0 f ( t ) dt.

1 2
(d) Use the first three nonzero terms of the infinite series found in part (c) to approximate ∫0 f ( t ) dt. What are
1 2
the properties of the terms of the series representing ∫0 f ( t ) dt that guarantee that this approximation is
1
within of the exact value of the integral?
10,000

(a) f ′( x ) = −3x 2 + 6 x5 − 9 x8 + L + 3n ( −1)n x3n −1 + L

2: { 1 : first three terms
1 : general term

1
(b) The given series is the Maclaurin series for f ′( x ) with x = . ⎧⎪ 1 : f ′( x )
2
(
f ′( x ) = − 1 + x3 ) ( 3x 2 )
−2
2: ⎨
()
1
⎪⎩ 1 : f ′ 2

( 14 )
3
Thus, the sum of the series is f ′
1
=− ( ) 1+ 1 =−
16
.
2
( 8) 27
2

( −1)n x3n +1
{
x 1 : first four terms
⌠ 1 x 4 x 7 x10
(c) ⎮ dt = x − + − + L + +L 2:
⌡0 1 + t 3 4 7 10 3n + 1 1 : general term

1 (2) ( 2)
4 7
1 1
1 2
(d) ⌠
⎮
1
dt ≈ − + . ⎧ 1 : approximation
⌡0 1 + t3 2 4 7 ⎪⎪ 1 : properties of terms
1 3: ⎨
The series in part (c) with x = has terms that alternate, decrease in ⎪ 1 : absolute value of
2
absolute value, and have limit 0. Hence the error is bounded by the ⎩⎪ fourth term < 0.0001
absolute value of the next term.

⌠
⎮
1 2
1
⎛
⎜1
dt − ⎜ −
1 4
2 () ()
+
1 7⎞
2 ⎟
⎟ <
1 10
2 ()
=
1
< 0.0001
⌡0 1 + t 3
⎜ 2 4 7 ⎟ 10 10240
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠

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