Second Term Chemistry (962/2)

STPM (TOPIC 13)

Topic 13: Transition Elements
1 When excess of aqueous ammonia is added to 6 The blue precipitate of copper(II) hydroxide
2+
aqueous copper(II) ion, the [Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ] species dissolves in excess of aqueous ammonia to form a
dark blue solution. Which of the following
is formed. Which of the following statements is
equations correctly represents the formation of the
true regarding the statement?
dark blue solution?
A Ammonia acts as a Lewis base. A Cu(OH) 2 (s) + 2OH − (aq) → [Cu(OH) 4 ]2− (aq)
B The [Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ]2 + ion is unstable. B Cu(OH) 2 (s) + 4OH − (aq) → [Cu(OH)6 ]4− (aq)
C Water molecules are unable to displace C
ammonia from [Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ]2 + . Cu(OH)2 (s) + 2NH3 (aq) → [Cu(NH 3 ) 2 ]2+ (aq)
D Copper and nitrogen each donates one electron + 2OH − (aq)
in the formation of the Cu − N bond. D
E Addition of excess ammonia results in the Cu(OH)2 (s) + 4NH3 (aq) → [Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ]2+ (aq)
formation of [Cu(NH 3 ) 6 ]2 + . + 2OH − (aq)
[STPM1999] E
2 Which of the following statements is correct Cu(OH)2 (s) + 6NH3 (aq) → [Cu(NH 3 )6 ]2+ (aq)
regarding transition elements?
+ 2OH − (aq)
A All transition elements exhibit oxidation state of
[STPM 2000]
+1 to +7 .
B The stability of the oxidation state of a transition 7 In which of the following compounds does the
element in a complex does not depend on the transition element have the lowest oxidation state?
nature of the ligand. A CrO 2 Cl2
C The oxidation state of the transition element in B NH 4 VO3
Cr2 O 7 2 − and Cu(H 2 O) 4 2 + is more than +5 . C K 3 Fe(CN)6
D Co(NH3 )3 Cl3
D The Cr 3+ ion and Mn 2+ ion are stable in an
E MnC2 O 4
aqueous solution in the presence of oxygen.
[STPM 2000]
E The MnO 4 − ion is stable in an alkaline solution.
8 Which of the following statements helps to explain
[STPM1999]
why nickel can act as catalyst in the hydrogenation
3 A transition element has high catalytic property of ethene at 200 o C according to the equation:
because
H 2 C = CH 2 (g) + H 2 (g) → CH3CH3 (g)
A the element forms coloured ions
A Nickel can exhibit variable oxidation states.
B the element has high density
B Nickel has d orbitals that can form temporary
C the element has a suitable surface for reaction to
bonds.
occur
C Nickel can form a stable intermediate with the
D the element exhibits variable oxidation states
reactants.
E the atom of the element has incompletely filled
D Nickel increases the rate of formation of
3d orbitals
CH 3CH 3 because of its high reactivity.
[STPM1999]
E Nickel is neutral in the hydrogenation process of
4 An element which exhibits only one oxidation state
H 2 C = CH 2 .
in its compounds is
[STPM 2000]
A titanium B vanadium C chromium
D cobalt E zinc
[STPM1999]
−
5 Which element forms the complex ion [ XCl 4 ] ?
A Chromium B Copper C Lead D Silicon
[STPM 2003]

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GKH & OHL (TRANSITION ELEMENTS)
Second Term Chemistry (962/2)
STPM (TOPIC 13)
3−
9 Aqueous nickel(II) nitrate contains the 13 The [CrF6 ] ion absorbs red light. Which of the
2+ following diagrams correctly represent this
[Ni(H 2 O) 6 ] complex ion that is green. Addition
phenomenon?
of an excess of a bidentate ligand ethylenediamine,
NH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 , to the solution causes the [Electronic configuration of Cr is [𝐴𝑟]3𝑑5 4𝑠1 ]
colour to change to purple. Which of the following
statements are true regarding the process?
1 The change in colour shows that the
ethylenediamine ligand forms a complex ion
with nickel(II).
2 Ethylenediamine is a stronger ligand than water.
3 The purple solution contains the
2+
[Ni(NH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ) 6 ] complex ion.
[STPM 2000]
10 The following reaction occurs when aqueous
ammonia is added to aqueous nickel(II).
[Ni(H 2 O)6 ]2 + (aq) + 6NH 3 (aq) → [Ni(NH 3 ) 6 ]2 + (aq) + 6H 2O(l)
Which of the following statements is correct
regarding the reaction?
A The reaction is exothermic.
B The solution turns from green to blue.
C The [Ni(H 2 O) 2 (NH 3 ) 4 ]2 + ions are also formed
during the reaction.
D Ammonia is stronger ligand than water.
[STPM 2001]
11 Which of the following best explains the action of a
transition element as homogeneous catalyst?
A It exhibits a variable oxidation state.
B It decreases the enthalpy of reaction.
C It supplies energy to increase the rate of
effective collision.
D It supplies electrons to facilitate adsorption
through the formation of temporary bonds.
[STPM 2002]
12 Most of the transition elements and their
compounds are heterogeneous catalysts which are [STPM 2001]
useful for various reactions. The transition elements
14 Which of the following statements is true of
possess the catalytic power because they
complex ion [Fe(C2O4 )3 ]3− ?
A can form complexes
B can act as reducing agents 1 An ethanedioate ion is a bidentate ligand.
C can alter their oxidation number 2 This complex ion is called
D have a good adsorption characteristic tris(oxalate)ferrate(III) ion.
[STPM 2004] 3 The oxidation state of iron in this complex ion is
+2.
[STPM 2004]

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GKH & OHL (TRANSITION ELEMENTS)
Second Term Chemistry (962/2)
STPM (TOPIC 13)

15 Which of the following is the most accurate 19 Transition elements have variable oxidation states
definition of transition elements? in complex ions. What are the correct oxidation
A Elements with variable oxidation states. states of iron in the following complex ions?
B Elements with high melting and boiling points. [Fe(en) 2 (SCN) 2 ]+ [Fe(EDTA)]2 −
C Elements with ability to form coloured A +2 +2
compounds.
D Elements with partially filled d orbitals at zero B +2 +3
or normal oxidation states. C +3 +2
[STPM 2005]
D +3 +3
16 The chromium(III) ion forms several complexes
[STPM 2006]
with different ligands. 5.0 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm −3
20 The element X has a proton number of 25. Which of
aqueous solution of chromium(III) ion is mixed
the following statements is/are true of X?
with different volumes of 0.1 mol dm −3 aqueous
1 The metal X has a high density.
solution of ligand L. A graph of the relative
intensity of the colour of the complex formed 2 X forms coloured complex ions.
against the volume of ligand L is given below. 3 The highest oxidation number of X in its ion is
+7 .
[STPM 2006]
21 Vanadium has the electronic configuration
1𝑠 2 2𝑠 2 2𝑝6 3𝑠 2 3𝑝6 3𝑑 3 4𝑠 2 . Which ion does not exist?
A VO2− 4 B VO3− C VO2+ D VO2+
[STPM 2008]
22 The oxidation states of several 𝑑 − block elements
Ligand L is represented by letters which are not the usual symbols
for the elements concerned in the Periodic Table are as
A Cl− B EDTA4− follows:
C NH3 D H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 Element Oxidation state
[STPM 2005] X – – 3 – – – –
17 Zn2+ ions form a white precipitate, Zn(OH)2 , with Y – 2 3 4 – – –
an aqueous solution of ammonia. The white Z – 2 3 4 5 6 7
precipitate dissolves when a NH4 Cl solution is Which statement is not true?
added to it. Which statement explains the A X forms colourless hydrated ions
observation? B Y forms a compound with the molecular formula
A A soluble ZnCl2 compound is formed K 2 YO4
B NH3 molecule is a stronger ligand than OH − C 𝑍O2 is an oxidising agent
C NH4+ ions increase the solubility product of D X, Y and Z form octahedral complexes
[STPM 2008]
Zn(OH)2
D NH4+ ions decrease the concentration of OH − 23 An aqueous solution of Fe3+ ion reacts with an excess
ions in the solution of CN− ion to form a coloured soluble complex ion.
Which statement is true of the reaction?
[STPM 2008]
A The CN − ion acts as a Lewis acid.
18 Which reagent when added in excess to an aqueous
B The Fe3+ ion is reduced to Fe2+ ion.
solution containing copper(II) ions will produce a
C The colour of the complex ion formed is green.
dark blue solution as the final product?
D The formula of the complex ion formed is
A Aqueous ammonia [Fe(CN)6 ]3− .
B Aqueous potassium iodide [STPM 2012]
C Aqueous sodium hydroxide
D Aqueous potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) 24 Which statement(s) about element X with an electronic
[STPM 2009] configuration 1𝑠 2 2𝑠 2 2𝑝6 3𝑠 2 3𝑝6 3𝑑 6 4𝑠 2 is/are true?
1 X is situated in Group 2 of the Periodic Table
2 X forms 𝑋 2+ and 𝑋 3+ ions
3 X forms a complex ion
[STPM 2009]
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GKH & OHL (TRANSITION ELEMENTS)
Second Term Chemistry (962/2)
STPM (TOPIC 13)

25 Which complex ion(s) is/are of octahedral shape? 30 Which statement about transition elements is true?
1 [Fe(H2 O)6 ]2+ A All the ions of the transition elements have an
2 [Ni(H2 O)6 ]2+ oxidation state of +1 to +7.
3 [CuCl4 ]2− B All transition elements form coloured compounds.
[STPM 2009] C Cr 3+ and Mn2+ ions are stable in their aqueous
26 Standard reduction potentials for several half–cells are solution.
shown below. D The stability of complex compounds do not depend
Half–cell 𝐸 ° /V on their ligands.
[STPM 2010]
Fe2+ (aq)/Fe(s) −0.44
31 Some compounds of transition elements are
Fe3+ (aq)/Fe(s) −0.04 paramagnetic due to the presence of unpaired electrons.
Which ion has the most number of unpaired electrons in
Fe3+ (aq)/Fe2+ (aq) +0.77
its d orbitals?
Fe(CN)3− 4−
6 (aq)/Fe(CN)6 (aq) +0.36 [The proton number of Ti, V, Mn and Co are 22, 23, 25
and 27 respectively.]
Which statement is true of the half–cells?
A Ti2+ B VO2+
A Fe2+ (aq) is the strongest reducing agent.
C MnO2− 4 D [CoCl4 (H2 O)2 ]2−
B Fe(CN)3− 6 (aq) can be reduced by Fe(s).
[STPM 2011]
C Fe(CN)4− 2+
6 (aq) is less stable than Fe (aq).
32 Element Z is in d–block of the Periodic Table. Its oxide
D The reaction 3Fe2+ (aq) → Fe(s) + 2Fe3+ (aq) is
contains 60% of Z and is used for whitening paper.
spontaneous.
Which statement(s) is/are true?
[STPM 2012]
[The relative atomic masses of O and Z are 16.0 and
27 M is an element having the following electronic 47.9 respectively.]
configuration:
1 The Z ion in the oxide has partially filled 3d
1𝑠 2 2𝑠 2 2𝑝6 3𝑠 2 3𝑝6 3𝑑 3 4𝑠 2
orbitals.
Which statement is not true of M?
2 The oxidation number of Z in the oxide is +4.
A It forms an oxoanion of formula MO2− 4 . 3 The formula of the oxide of Z is 𝑍O2 .
B It forms a stable complex of formula [M(H2 O)6 ]3+ . [STPM 2011]
C It forms coloured oxides. 33 Which statement(s) about the atom of the elements of
D Its ion can act as a homogeneous catalyst. vanadium to copper of the Periodic Table is/are true?
[STPM 2011] 1 The outer orbital for each atom is 4𝑠.
28 The colour of a transition metal complex ion is 2 The first ionisation energy for each atom is almost
determined by its ligand and geometry. Which species the same.
has a bidentate ligand? 3 The most stable oxidation number for each atom is
A Na 2 [CuCl4 ] B [Ag(NH3 )2 ]+ +2.
C [Ni(EDTA)]2− D [Co(C2 O4 )3 ]3− [STPM 2012]
[STPM 2010] 34 Transition elements formed coloured ions as a result of
𝑑 − 𝑑 transitions. The probable electronic configuration
29 Copper(I) sulphide is a chalcocite ore which is one of of a coloured ion is
the sources of copper metal. In which orbitals are
valence electrons of copper(I) ion and sulphide ion A 1𝑠 2 2𝑠 2 2𝑝6 3𝑠 2 3𝑝6
found? B 1𝑠 2 2𝑠 2 2𝑝6 3𝑠 2 3𝑝6 3𝑑1
[Proton numbers of S and Cu are 16 and 29 C 1𝑠 2 2𝑠 2 2𝑝6 3𝑠 2 3𝑝6 3𝑑10
respectively.] D 1𝑠 2 2𝑠 2 2𝑝6 3𝑠 2 3𝑝6 3𝑑10 4𝑠 2
Copper(I) ion Sulphide ion [STPM 2013]
A 3𝑑 3𝑝 35 The electron configuration of iron in FeO2−
4 ion is
B 3𝑑 3𝑠 and 3𝑝 A 1𝑠 2 2𝑠 2 2𝑝6 3𝑠 2 3𝑝6 3𝑑 2
C 4𝑠 3𝑝 B 1𝑠 2 2𝑠 2 2𝑝6 3𝑠 2 3𝑝6 3𝑑 6
D 4𝑠 and 3𝑑 3𝑠 and 3𝑝 C 1𝑠 2 2𝑠 2 2𝑝6 3𝑠 2 3𝑑 5 4𝑠1
[STPM 2010] D 1𝑠 2 2𝑠 2 2𝑝6 3𝑠 2 3𝑝6 4𝑠 2
[STPM 2013R]

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GKH & OHL (TRANSITION ELEMENTS)
Second Term Chemistry (962/2)
STPM (TOPIC 13)

36 Which statement does not relate to the properties of 42 Which statement is true about transition elements,
transition elements and their compounds? vanadium to copper, in the Periodic Table?
A The colour of aqueous potassium manganate(VII) A The atomic size decreases.
is purple. B The 4s orbital is fully filled.
B Copper reacts with ethane to form C The most stable oxidation state is +2.
tris(ethanedioato)cuprate(II) ion. D The first ionisation energies are almost similar.
[STPM 2015R]
C Iron filing is used as a catalyst in Haber process.
D Tetraaquadichlorochromium(III) chloride forms a 43 Which compound has a transition element with the
white precipitate with silver ion. highest oxidation state?
[STPM 2013R] A [Ni(CO)4 ] B K 4 [Fe(CN)6 ]
C Na 2 Cr2 O7 D [Co(NH3 )5 Cl]Cl2
37 Scandium(III) ion, titanium(IV) ion, copper(I) ion and
zinc ion, form white compounds because they have [STPM 2015R]
A 4𝑠 orbital which is completely filled 44 What happens when distilled water is added to a
B 3𝑑 orbitals which are empty concentrated solution of tetrachlorocuprate(II) ion?
C 3d orbitals which are half–filled A A tetrahedral complex ion is formed.
B Tetrahydroxocuprate(II) ion is formed.
D 3d orbitals which are either empty or completely
C The colour of the solution changes from yellow to
filled
blue.
[STPM 2014]
D A blue precipitate of copper(II) hydroxide is
38 In the hydrogenation reaction of ethene, nickel is used deposited.
as a catalyst. The function of nickel in the reaction is to [STPM 2016]
A break the C=C and H–H bonds 45 X is a suitable material used to build aircraft jet engines
B act as a surface for the adsorption of ethene and because it has a low density and high resistance to
hydrogen corrosion. X is
C promote the mobility of ethene and hydrogen A carbon fibre B tin
molecules C chromium D titanium
D form activated complexes which involve changing [STPM 2016]
the oxidation state of nickel 46 Titanium and calcium are in the same period in the
[STPM 2014] Periodic Table. Which property of titanium is lower or
39 Iron is used as a heterogeneous catalyst in the Haber smaller than that of calcium?
process. Which statement explains its catalytic property? A Density B Atomic size
A Iron has empty d orbitals. C Melting point D Electrical conductivity
[STPM 2016R]
B Iron has variable oxidation states.
C Iron can be reversibly oxidised to iron(II) ion. 47 An aqueous solution of KCN is added to an aqueous
solution of [FeCl6 ]3− ion. The reaction equation is
D Iron forms a stable intermediate complex with
shown below.
reactants.
[FeCl6 ]3− (aq) + 6CN − (aq) →
[STPM 2014R]
[Fe(CN)6 ]3− (aq) + 6Cl− (aq)
40 In general, block–d elements (scandium to zinc) have I The donor atom in CN− ligand is N.
high melting points. Which statement can best explain
II The oxidation number of Fe changes.
this physical property?
III [Fe(CN)6 ]3− is more stable compared to [FeCl6 ]3− .
A The screening effect is high.
B The structure is close–packed. IV Both [Fe(CN)6 ]3− and [FeCl6 ]3− have the same
shape.
C The ionisation energy is high.
Which statements are true about the reaction?
D The metallic bonding involves 3𝑑 and 4𝑠 electrons.
A I and II B I and IV
[STPM 2015]
C II and III D III and IV
41 Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride is a [STPM 2016R]
coordination complex. Which is true about the complex?
48 Which statement is true of tris(ethanedioato)cuprate(II)
A Its ligand is bidentate. ion?
B It is a square planar complex. A The charge of the complex ion is 4 −.
C Its structural formula is [Co(en)3 ]Cl2 . B The ligand is monodentate.
D It forms two ions in aqueous solution. C The metal ion acts as a Lewis base.
[STPM 2015] D Cu2+ ion uses empty 3𝑑 orbital.
[STPM 2016R]

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GKH & OHL (TRANSITION ELEMENTS)
Second Term Chemistry (962/2)
STPM (TOPIC 13)

49 The valence electronic configuration of 𝑀2+ ion is 3𝑑10 . 55 A complex ion is formed from one Ni2+ , two C2 O2−4
Which statement is not true about M? and two H2 O molecules. The following statements are
A It is Period 4 element in the Periodic Table. true about the complex ion except
B It is denser compared to copper. A the charge of the complex ion is 2 −
C It forms colourless compounds. B the complex ion has six coordinate bonds
D It is a transition metal. C H2 O molecule is a weaker ligand compared to
[STPM 2017] C2 O2−
4

50 The chemical formula of a compound is D the IUPAC name of the complex ion is
[CoCl(NH3 )5 ]SO4 . What is the IUPAC name of the diaquabis(ethanedioato)nickel(II)
compound? [STPM 2018R]
A Pentaamminechlorocobalt(II) sulphate 56 The standard reduction potentials for selected metal(III)
B Pentaamminechlorocobalt(III) sulphate ions are shown in the diagram below.
C Chloropentaamminecobalt(II) sulphate
D Chloropentaamminecobalt(III) sulphate
[STPM 2017]
51 Vanadium(V) oxide, V2 O5 , is used as a catalyst for the
oxidation of SO2 gas to SO3 gas in the Contact process.
Which statement is true about the catalyst?
A Vanadium(V) can be reduced to vanadium(II).
B Vanadium(V) has vacant orbitals.
C V2 O5 acts as a homogeneous catalyst.
D V2 O5 increases the yield of SO3 .
[STPM 2017R] Which statement is true about the above diagram?
52 The structural formulae of platinum complexes are A The strongest oxidising agent is Cr 3+ .
shown below. B Mn3+ , Fe3+ and Co3+ react with H2 O.
I [Pt(SCN)2 (en)2 ]2+ C Cr 2+ reacts with V 3+ in acidic solution.
II [PtCl(NO2 )(NH3 )2 ] D Ti3+ is able to oxidise H2 .
III [Pt(ox)Cl2 ]2− [STPM 2019]
IV [Pt(EDTA)]4− 57 Which complex possess metal ion with the same charge
Which platinum complexes are octahedral? as the central metal in K 3 [Fe(CN)6 ]?
A I and II B I and IV A [Cr(NH3 )3 Cl3 ] B [Mn(NH3 )6 ]Cl2
C [Co(H2 O)2 (NH3 )4 ]Cl2 D [Ni(H2 O)4 (OH)2 ]
C II and III D III and IV
[STPM 2019]
[STPM 2017R]
58 Trans-tetraaquadichloroiron(III) chloride is a water-
53 A catalyst is used in the hydrogenation of unsaturated soluble complex compound. Which is not true about the
hydrocarbons. Which statement is true about the compound?
hydrogenation?
A Has five unpaired electrons
A The catalyst is homogeneous. B Has covalent and ionic bonds
B The catalyst has various oxidation states. C Made up of a cationic complex
C Adsorption of the hydrocarbon onto the catalyst D Releases three Cl− in an aqueous solution
occurs. [STPM 2019R]
D The hydrocarbons form covalent bonds with the
catalyst.
[STPM 2018]
54 A solution of [Cr(H2 O)6 ]3+ ion is violet while the
solution of [Cr(OH)4 (H2 O)2 ]− ion is grey-green. This is
due to the difference in
A counter ion B charge
C ligand D oxidation state
[STPM 2018R]

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Second Term Chemistry (962/2)
STPM (TOPIC 13)

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