11/6/2019

Sutech Engineering Co., Ltd

17th Sinn Sathorn Tower 77/64 Klongtonsai,
Klongsarn, Bangkok 10600

Nov 2019 1

Outline
 Cane harvesting
 Cane cleaning methods (drying cleaning / wet cleaning)
 Can unloading
 Cane preparation (PI / POC / knives / shredder)
 Juice extraction (simple balance / technical terms / milling / mill
sanitation diffusion / comparison of milling and diffusion)
 Commercial cane sugar (C.C.S.)
 Juice screening (DSM screen / rotating screen)
 Daily report (related to this topic)

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White/raw sugar production (SUTECH)

Cane harvesting
The simplest, and probably most effective, method of reducing the
unwanted material in delivered cane is “burning” either before or after
harvesting. However, the environmental pollution from the smoke and
airborne particles is receiving increasing public resistance. Thus, the
green cane harvesting may be a more profitable practice than burning.

Pre-harvest burning Post-harvest burning Burnt cane

https://www.law.com/dailybusinessreview/a https://www.wur.nl/en/newsarticle/Post- https://www.bigstockphoto.com/image-

lmID/1202742924546/Sierra-Club-Asks- harvest-burning-emissions-in-China- 238017397/stock-photo-sugar-cane-field-is-
EPA-to-Review-Sugarcane-Field- underestimated-.htm burnt-before-harvest
Burning/?slreturn=20190602050420
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Cane harvesting
 Advantages of green cane harvesting to millers
 fresh cane with low dextran and impurity content
 degrades more slowly in storage
 leads to more fuel or more biomass
 Disadvantages of green cane harvesting to millers
 more material to process
 high fiber content leading to a greater loss of sugar in bagasse
 produces more molasses as a result of the low juice purity
 adversely affected the sugar color
 induces more starch in the juice due to the addition of top and leaves
 high milling costs
 low bulk density of the cane in the transport vehicles

5
P. Rein. Cane Sugar Engineering. 2nd edition. Verlag Dr. Albert Bartens KG-Berlin. 2017

Cane harvesting
Methods that are applicable in separating cane from extraneous matter (EM)
such as soil, dry and green leaves and tops are:
 Cleaning with the use of a harvester
 Cleaning at dry cleaning station subsequent to hand cutting the intact cane stalk
 Mechanical cutting of the intact cane stalk with exclusion of the tops
 Cutting of the intact stalk and cleaning with water at a receiving table

Note: type of cane cleaning methods: dry cleaning and wet cleaning
6
Delgado C. Casanova Sugar processing and by-products of the sugar industry. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2001

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Cane cleaning methods : Dry cleaning

Dry cleaning uses the mechanical equipment to reduce the EM in
cane by techniques other than burning or washing.

 Advantages of dry cleaning

 cost savings in terms of reduced wear and maintenance
 increased factory capacity due to reduced quantities of EM
 reduced energy consumption for the same amount of sugar produced
 lower losses of sugar in filter cake, bagasse and molasses
 higher calorific value of the bagasse
 improved sugar quality
 supply of large quantities of biomass that can be used for other
industrial operations

7
Bernhardt. Dry Cleaning of Sugarcane - A Review. Proceedings of The South African Sugar Technologists' Association - June 1994

Cane cleaning methods : Dry cleaning

 Drawbacks of dry cleaning
 require additional equipment which needs additional capital,
labor and maintenance and consumes energy
 waste a certain percentage of sucrose-rich cane
 require adequate provision for the disposal/ or utilization of the
dry cleaning by- and waste products
 require a modified system of cane payment

8
H.W. Bernhardt. Dry Cleaning of Sugarcane - A Review. Proceedings of The South African Sugar Technologists' Association - June 1994

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Cane cleaning methods : Dry cleaning

Pneumatic rock removal pilot plant

Rock removal system utilizing gap between adjacent rolls

Bernhardt. Dry Cleaning of Sugarcane - A Review. Proceedings of The South African Sugar Technologists' Association - June 1994 9

Cane cleaning methods : Dry cleaning

Rock removal system using deflector plate

Rock removal system of Cuban plant erected in Reunion

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Bernhardt. Dry Cleaning of Sugarcane - A Review. Proceedings of The South African Sugar Technologists' Association - June 1994

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Cane cleaning methods : Dry cleaning

Proposed dry cleaning system at a sugar factory
 Rock and tramp ions removal
 Sand and small stone removal
 Cane billeting
 Pneumatic separation of leaf trash from billets







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Bernhardt. Dry Cleaning of Sugarcane - A Review. Proceedings of The South African Sugar Technologists' Association - June 1994

Cane cleaning methods : Dry cleaning

Typical cane cleaning installation in Brazilian factories

Separation of sand
from removed EM
in rotary drum

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P. Rein. Cane Sugar Engineering. 2nd edition. Verlag Dr. Albert Bartens KG-Berlin. 2017

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Cane cleaning methods : Wet cleaning

Most cane wash plants consist of one or two cane tables inclined at
an angle of 35° to 45°, with wash water sprayed onto the cane as it is
transported up the cane tables. The water is collected underneath the cane
tables, some of it is recirculated and some bled off to a treatment system.
Some arrangements incorporate hydrocyclones in the circuit to remove the
bulk of the mud from the recirculating water.

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https://www.shutterstock.com/th/search/sugar+cane+processing

Cane cleaning methods : Wet cleaning

 Advantages of wet cleaning
 removal up to 50 % of ash in incoming cane, decrease ash in bagasse
 decrease imbibition water up to 9 t/100 t cane
 decrease the mud to clarifier up to 25%
 Drawbacks of wet cleaning
 sugar losses ( 1 and 7 kg sugar/t cane for billet cane)
 entrain of washed water ( 7.5 t/100 t cane)
 generate wastewater ( 0.6 - 10 m3/t cane)
 reduce boiler efficiency
Dry cleaning of cane prior to
processing appears attractive relative
to wet cleaning, because the losses
of sugar are lower.

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P. Rein. Cane Sugar Engineering. 2nd edition. Verlag Dr. Albert Bartens KG-Berlin. 2017

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In Thailand

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Cane preparation and juice extraction

Cane unloading Cane preparation Juice extraction

To rotary vacuum filter

To clarification process

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Cane unloading
Hydraulic truck damper
Cane unloader

Truck tipper

Copied from presentation slide of “ยงยุทธ ทิพยะวัฒน์. ระบบลูกหีบและการจัดการ . Sutech Consultant Co., Ltd. 2555.
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Cane unloading
Hydraulic cane unloader

Copied from presentation slide of “ยงยุทธ ทิพยะวัฒน์. ระบบลูกหีบและการจัดการ . Sutech Consultant Co., Ltd. 2555.
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Cane unloading
Side cane carrier

Tumbler or equalizer

Copied from presentation slide of “ยงยุทธ ทิพยะวัฒน์. ระบบลูกหีบและการจัดการ . Sutech Consultant Co., Ltd. 2555.
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Cane unloading
Sand separation system : Sand kicker

leveler

Sutech design : Paddle roller Sutech design : Paddle roller

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Cane preparation

Purpose of cane preparation is “to disintegrate the stalks or pieces of

cane into fine strands, to open the cells in the cane to allow the sucrose to
be extracted and to provide material which the extraction plant will readily
accept at the desired throughput”.

Good preparation enhances the efficiency and throughput of milling train as

 smooth and continuous flow of the canes to the mill feed produces dryer
bagasse
 an even mat of prepared cane eliminates voids in the feed to the mill
 high density of cane mat leads to greater capacity
 great breakage of cells that hold the sugar increases extraction
 fine materials fed to the mill decrease power requirement and final
moisture content of bagasse
21
P. Rein. Cane Sugar Engineering. 2nd edition. Verlag Dr. Albert Bartens KG-Berlin. 2017

Cane preparation
Measurement of cane preparation
 Bulk density : measured by
compressing a sample of prepared
cane at a set pressure for a given
time, finer particle sizes give a higher
bulk density. This method requires a 6.8 kg, 5 min, 103 kPa gauge

full analysis and not use routinely.

 Mean particle size : carried out by sieving or screening. The mean

particle size obtained from sieving affects the density or compactness of
the cane bed, which in turn affects percolation rate as well. However,
size analysis of prepared cane in not practical on a routine basis.

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P. Rein. Cane Sugar Engineering. 2nd edition. Verlag Dr. Albert Bartens KG-Berlin. 2017

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Cane preparation
Measurement of cane preparation
 Preparation Index (PI) : the degree of finesse or percent of open cells,
when cane prepared its density increases from 200 kg/m3 to 400 kg/m3

wDS ,T
PI  100
wDS , D
Good juice extraction
PI involves tumbling a sample of 500 g of is achieved if PI is
prepared cane in 3,000 g of water for 30 min above 90
and measuring the brix of the extract (wDS,T).
This is compared with the extract in a wet
disintegrator in which the same ratio of cane to
water is used (333 g and 2,000 g respectively)
(wDS,D).

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P. Rein. Cane Sugar Engineering. 2nd edition. Verlag Dr. Albert Bartens KG-Berlin. 2017

Cane preparation
Measurement of cane preparation
 Pol in open cell (POC)
POC involves tumbling a sample
100wS ,T mW , D
 of 1,000 g cane in 10,000 g of
wS , D mC , D water for 10 minutes. In the
POC  disintegrator 2,000 g cane is
mW , D  wS ,T   w  disintegrated in 6,000 g water.
 1    1  1.25 F ,C
  This assumes 25% brix-free
mC , D  wS , D   100  water on fiber in cane wF,C.

Due to the differences in analytical

equipment and procedures used to
obtain PI and POC, the PI values is
generally higher than POC, probably
close to 5 units at a PI of 90.

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P. Rein. Cane Sugar Engineering. 2nd edition. Verlag Dr. Albert Bartens KG-Berlin. 2017

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Cane preparation
Cane preparation equipment
 Knives : used to cut the cane into small pieces, leaving a high
proportion of unruptured cells. (PI  70-75%)
 Leveler : used on the main cane carrier in an attempt to
obtain a uniform height of cane fed to the knives or shredder,
steadies the load on the subsequent preparation equipment
and helps to reduce the incidence of choking.
 Cane knife set : usually consist of one or two rotating knife sets
preceded by a leveler for whole stalk cane.

 Shredder : consisted of sets of swing hammers rotate on a rotor with a

close clearance between the hammer tips and a grid plate or washboard
of anvil grid bars. The types of shredder can be categorized as
light duty shredders, heavy duty shredders and hybrid types. (PI  82 - 94%)
25
P. Rein. Cane Sugar Engineering. 2nd edition. Verlag Dr. Albert Bartens KG-Berlin. 2017

Cane preparation : Levelers

Cane leveler Cane leveler

https://slideplayer.com/slide/10839415/ https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/cane-leveler-9094096155.html

New leveler Sutech leveler

Nikam et al. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research . 2017; 3: 2276-9

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Cane preparation : Knives

Cane cutter Swing type cane cutter

https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/cane-leveler-12931201212.html https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/swing-type-cane-cutter-9094075248.html

Wear-resistant knives Sutech cutter

https://www.ssab.com/company/newsroom/media-archive/2015/11/09/10/00/wear-resistant-
knives-from-f%C3%A1cil-system-named-finalist-for-2015-swedish-steel-prize
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Cane preparation : Knifing arrangement

A. Two sets of knives on a steel slat conveyor Sutech design

38 – 76 mm

152 - 356 mm

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P. Rein. Cane Sugar Engineering. 2nd edition. Verlag Dr. Albert Bartens KG-Berlin. 2017

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Cane preparation : Shredder

Tongaat shredder : Section view

Tongaat shredder : Cut-away view

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P. Rein. Cane Sugar Engineering. 2nd edition. Verlag Dr. Albert Bartens KG-Berlin. 2017

Cane preparation : Shredder

Sutech design

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Cane preparation : Shredder feeding

 Original design of Felixton in South
Africa. It has not worked
satisfactorily, because the “billeted”
cane does not slump in the shredder
chute as it would with chopper
harvested cane

 Modified design of Felixton by

Renton. It comes with a vertical
feed chute including feeder rolls
and a knife “kicker” throwing the
cane into the nip of the shredder.

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P. Rein. Cane Sugar Engineering. 2nd edition. Verlag Dr. Albert Bartens KG-Berlin. 2017

Cane preparation : Shredder feeding

Sutech design

32

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Cane preparation

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Cane preparation
Cane after knife #2

Cane after shredder

34
Sugarcane. Milling manual. Philippine Sugar Millers Association Inc. Volume 1. 2005

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Juice extraction
Methods of juice extraction
 Milling : squeeze the cane between successive pairs of roll, to express
as much as possible of juice (free water, sucrose, nonsucrose) from
insoluble fiber. With in this sequence, water called “imbibition” is
added -normally in front of the last mill- and the juice expressed is
applied in counter flow to the cane.
 Diffusion : a process in which dissolved molecules in solutions of
different concentration will diffuse due to a concentration gradient until
equilibrium is reached.
i. Bagasse diffusion – where there is pre-extraction of juice in a single
mill prior to lixiviation (leaching).
ii. Cane diffusion – where there is no pre-extraction of juice before
lixiviation (leaching) process
35
W. Legendre. Preparation and Milling. Handout of 35th International Raw Cane Sugar Manufactures’ Institute. May 29 – June 8, 2019. Nicholls State University. Thibodaux. Louisiana. USA

Juice extraction : Milling (or diffusion) equation

Cane + Water = Juice + Bagasse

Example 1: Overall material balance

A factory grinds 100 tons of cane with 12.5% fiber in a given day.
Imbibition is applied at the rate of 200% on fiber and mixed juice is 100%
on cane. How much bagasse is produced?
Solution Water 25
Cane = 100 tons
Fiber = 100  0.125 = 12.5 tons Cane Bagasse
Added water = 200% on fiber 100 25
= 2  12.5 = 25 tons
Juice
Juice = 100% on cane or 100 tons 100
Then, bagasse = 100 + 25 - 100 = 25 tons
36
W. Legendre. Preparation and Milling. Handout of 35 th International Raw Cane Sugar Manufactures’ Institute. May 29 – June 8, 2019. Nicholls State University. Thibodaux. Louisiana. USA

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Juice extraction : Milling (or diffusion) equation

Cane + Water = Juice + Bagasse

Example 2: Overall Pol balance Cane 100 tons

From previous example, if the  sucrose = 0.12100 = 12 tons
sucrose in cane is 12% and  fiber = 12.5 tons
sucrose loss during juice  water = 100 – 12 – 12.5 = 75.5 tons
extraction process is 6.25%, Bagasse 25 tons
calculate the composition of  sucrose = (6.25/100)  12 = 0.75 tons
bagasse and juice.  fiber = 12.5 tons
Water 25  water = 25 – 0.75 – 12.5 = 11.75 tons

Juice 100 tons

Cane Bagasse  sucrose = 12-0.75 = 11.25 tons
100 25  water = 100 –11.25 = 88.75 tons
Juice 100 37
W. Legendre. Preparation and Milling. Handout of 35 th International Raw Cane Sugar Manufactures’ Institute. May 29 – June 8, 2019. Nicholls State University. Thibodaux. Louisiana. USA

Juice extraction : Milling

Juice extraction by milling tandem
Imbibition
water

Cane Bagasse
S/K M1 M2 M3 M4 M5

S/K – shredder or knives Mixed juice

M1-5 – Number of mills Delgado and Casanova. Sugar processing and
by-products of the sugar Industry. FAO. 2001

Milling tandem : a number of individual mill, which can have three, four, five
of six compression rollers, arranged in series
Imbibition : the process that used to dilute the juice remaining in the cane
bagasse blanket after each extraction. Water added is called
imbibition water. The norms used of imbibition have risen over
the years from 200 – 350% on fiber at 85oC.
38
A.V. Delgado, C. A. Casanova. Sugar processing and by-products of the sugar industry. FAO. 2001.

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Juice extraction : Milling

Type of imbibition
 Simple imbibition : water is added to the bagasse going to each mill. The
differential between imbibition and juice in feed bagasse is maximized by
this practice, but the quantity of water that can be applied per extraction
stage is severely curtailed.
 Compound imbibition : water is added to the bagasse going to the last
mill. The juice from last mill is added to the bagasse coming to the
penultimate mill and the juice from the penultimate mill is sent to the
preceding mill and so on.

http://www.sugarprocesstech.com/terminology-sugar-clarification/ 39
W.A.Bizzo, P.C. Lenço, D.J. Carvalho, J.P.S. Veiga. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2014; 29 : 589.

Juice extraction : Milling

 Maceration : a particular form of imbibition that has been defined as the
process in which the bagasse is steeped in an excess of water or juice,
generally at high temperature
 First expressed juice : the juice expressed by the first two rollers of a
tandem.
 First mill juice: the juice expressed by the first mill of a tandem.
 Last expressed juice: the juice expressed by the last two rollers of a
tandem.
 Last mill juice: the juice expressed by the last mill of a tandem.
 Residual juice: the juice left in intermediate or final bagasse.
 Unscreened mixed juice : the juice obtained from mill 1 and mill 2 before
screening
 Screened mixed juice : the juice obtained from mill 1 and mill 2 after
screening
40
P. Rein. Cane Sugar Engineering. 2nd edition. Verlag Dr. Albert Bartens KG-Berlin. 2017

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Juice extraction : Milling

Milling tandem with compound imbibition

 In the diagram, Mi is the total feed into mill i, Ji is the juice extracted from mill i
and Bi is the cane/bagasse exiting from mill i. The juice from mills 1 and 2
(Jl and J2) is passed through screens to remove fiber that has been extracted with
the juice. The screened mixed juice is sent onwards to the factory as raw juice.
The fiber removed is returned with some remaining juice as “cush cush”.
“Cush cush” is the stream of wet bagasse or bagacillo separated from raw juice
by the juice screens.
41
P. Rein. Cane Sugar Engineering. 2nd edition. Verlag Dr. Albert Bartens KG-Berlin. 2017

Juice extraction : Milling

Milling configuration

 Three roller mill : it was the backbone of the cane sugar industry during
the 20th century with mill tandems comprised of three to seven 3-roll
mills, often preceded by one, two or even three 2-roll crushers.
It faces the feeding problem.
Compression
Pusher roll
region

Top roll

Feed Delivery
roll roll

juice Trash plate

E. Hugot. Handbook of sugarcane engineering. 3 rd edition. Elsevier. 1986. 42

W. Legendre. Preparation and Milling. Handout of 35 th International Raw Cane Sugar Manufactures’ Institute. May 29 – June 8, 2019. Nicholls State University. Thibodaux. Louisiana. USA

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Juice extraction : Milling

Milling configuration
 Four roller mill : the fourth roll is an
Compaction
underfeed roll with a cast iron shell, and only
grooved like a conventional roll. Compression
region

To assist with the feed of this fluffy

material even more, 4-roll mill is fitted
with a vertical, Donnelly feed chute,
which gives two benefits
 The cane entering the chute compresses that
juice
in the lower part of the chute, helping to
remove some of the voids in the fluffy cane.
 The chute acts as a buffer tank so that the mill always has a supply of
cane to squeeze.
W. Legendre. Preparation and Milling. Handout of 35th International Raw Cane Sugar Manufactures’ Institute. May 29 – June 8, 2019. Nicholls State University. Thibodaux. Louisiana. USA 43

Juice extraction : Milling

44
P. Rein. Cane Sugar Engineering. Verlag Dr. Albert Bartens KG-Berlin. 2007

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Juice extraction : Milling

Milling configuration
 Six roller mill :
 The six roller mill is comprised
Donnelly chute
of 3 roll mill preceded by 2
pressure feeder and an
underfeed roll positioned on the
pressure feeder.
 The underfeed roll helps to
remove voids and provide a
juice
gentle squeeze before the cane
enters the 2-roll part which, in
turn, does a similar job for the
3-roll part.

W. Legendre. Preparation and Milling. Handout of 35th International Raw Cane Sugar Manufactures’ Institute. May 29 – June 8, 2019. Nicholls State University. Thibodaux. Louisiana. USA 45
O.P. Thaval. Modelling the flow of cane constituents through the milling process of a raw sugar factory. Master thesis of Queensland University of Technology. 2012.

Juice extraction : Milling

Fletcher Smith Mill with a smaller diameter underfeed roll (4-roller mill)

46
P. Rein. Cane Sugar Engineering. 2nd edition. Verlag Dr. Albert Bartens KG-Berlin. 2017

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Juice extraction : Milling

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http://www.usipl.com/product-detail/sugar-cane-mill

Juice extraction : Milling

48
R.E. King. Cane preparation and juice extraction. Handout of 35 th International Raw Cane Sugar Manufactures’ Institute. May 29 – June 8, 2019. Nicholls State University. Thibodaux. Louisiana. USA

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Juice extraction : Milling

Roll showing the perforation at the bottom of the groove

Lotus roll showing drainage at the end of the roll

49
Sugarcane. Milling manual. Philippine Sugar Millers Association Inc. Volume 1. 2005

Juice extraction : Milling

50

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Juice extraction : Milling

Medium duty pressure feeder

51
Sugarcane. Milling manual. Philippine Sugar Millers Association Inc. Volume 1. 2005

Juice extraction : Milling

Heavy duty pressure
Millfeeders with
with light (oran underfeed
medium) dutyroll
pressure feeder

52
Sugarcane. Milling manual. Philippine Sugar Millers Association Inc. Volume 1. 2005

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Juice extraction : Milling

Mill performance
mS , RJ Pol % raw juice
 Sucrose extraction E  100  100
mS ,C Pol % cane

wF ,C 100  E 100  wF ,C 

 Reduced extraction Ered  100 
wF ,C 100  wF ,C 
wF,C actual fiber content in g/100 g cane,
E actual sucrode extraction in %
wF ,C standard fiber content in g/100 g cane to which extraction is reduced.

Reduced extraction is usually stated at a standard fiber contents wF ,C  of

12.5 g/100 g cane
100  E 100  wF ,C 
Ered  100 
7 wF ,C

53
P. Rein. Cane Sugar Engineering. 2nd edition. Verlag Dr. Albert Bartens KG-Berlin. 2017

Juice extraction : Milling

Mill performance
 Milling loss or pol/fiber coefficient
wS , B Pol % bagasse
Milling loss  100  100
wF , B Fiber % bagasse
wS,B sucrose content in g/100 g bagasse
wF,B fiber content in in g/100 g bagasse

 First mill pol extraction (Stuart’s Formula)

First mill extraction 

Pm  P2 P1  E
P1  P2 Pm
E tandem extraction
Pm Pol % mixed juice
P1 Pol % first mill juice
P2 Pol % second mill juice

54
P. Rein. Cane Sugar Engineering. 2nd edition. Verlag Dr. Albert Bartens KG-Berlin. 2017

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Juice extraction : Milling

Mill capacity
 Hugot (1986)  C wF ,C / 100  54cn1  3.6nd  ld 2 N 0.5
m
mC mill capacity (t cane/h) wF,C fiber content (g/100 g cane)
n speed of rotation (s-1) N number of rolls in the tandem;
d diameter of the rolls (m) l length of the rolls (m)
c coefficient of preparation:
1.10 for poor PI, 1.22 for good PI

 Sutech formula by Dr.Terapol Pruksathorn

C 
cN 1  0.04 Pf  n D 2 L  
112,320 f 
C capacity of mill (t cane/h)
c coefficient of preparation: 1.15 @ 70% – 85% open cells; 1.25 @ 85% – 90% open cells;
1.30 @ 91% – 92% open cells
N rpm of mill
Pf number of mills with pressure feed rollers
n number of rollers, including the pressure feed rollers in the tandem, factoring in thr rigidity of the feed
rollers, example, 5 tandems of 3 roller and 2 pressure feeders, thus n = (5)(3) + 5(2)(rigidity)
and rigidity factor: 0.5-for light duty pressure feeders
0.75-for medium duty pressure feeder roll (with underfeed roll)
1.0-for heavy duty pressure feeder roll
D diameter of roll (inch)
L length of roll (inch)
f fiber % cane
55
P. Rein. Cane Sugar Engineering. 2nd edition. Verlag Dr. Albert Bartens KG-Berlin. 2017 / Sugarcane. Milling manual. Philippine Sugar Millers Association Inc. Volume 1. 2005

Juice extraction : Milling

Mill capacity
 Thai Government’s formula

RPM  C  H  N  D 2 L
Mill capacity 
112,320 f
RPM mill speed (7)
C coefficient of cane preparation (1.25)
H milling hour (23.75)
N number pf mill roller
D diameter of mill roller (inch)
L length of mill roller (inch)
f fiber in cane (0,125)

Note :
1. Mill capacity increase 5% when installed one set of H.D. PF.
2. Mill capacity increase 7.5% when installed two or more sets of H.D.PF.

56
Sutech Consultant Co., Ltd.

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Juice extraction : Milling

Analysis of milling from brix of back roller juice
For a given moisture content of last mill bagasse, the loss of sucrose is
proportional to the density of the juice left unextracted, which will indicate
the milling efficiency up to that point. This is because the density of the
juice from the back rollers of any unit is influenced by:
1. Total extraction by previous mill : the higher the extraction by previous
mills, the less soluble solids will remain in the bagasse resulting in
greater dilution on application of imbibition. Poor extraction by the
front rollers of a unit will leave more juice to be extracted by the back
rollers of the unit, and will consequently lower the brix of the juice from
the back rollers.
2. Imbibition efficiency : the greater the mixing efficiency of imbibition
water with the bagasse, the greater will be the diluting effect achieved.
57
Sugar Technology. Huletts Sugar Limited. Research and Development.

Juice extraction : Milling

Analysis of milling from brix of back roller juice
bB  bT
Front roller juice extraction  100
bB  bF

bT  bF
Back roller juice extraction  100
bB  bF

bB back roller juice brix

bF front roller juice brix
bT total composite juice brix

For mills doing good work,

the front roller coefficient should be
between 80 and 85% and should not
fall below 60%
58
Sugar Technology. Huletts Sugar Limited. Research and Development.

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Juice extraction : Milling

Analysis of milling from brix of back roller juice
Deviation of the curve between any
Brix curve
two units: e.g. between units 3 and 4,
could indicate:
A . If the deviation is towards the
horizontal
A  poor overall extraction at mill 3
B  low front roller extraction at mill 3
 very high extraction of the front
rollers of mill 4
B. If the deviation is towards the vertical
 low extraction of the mill preceding mill 3
 very high extraction of the front rollers of mill 3
 poor extraction of the front rollers of mill 4
59
Sugar Technology. Huletts Sugar Limited. Research and Development.

Juice extraction : Milling

Mill mass balance

60

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Juice extraction : Milling

Mill mass balance

= (13.5/100)690 = 93.2
= (16.87/100)690 = 116.4
= (14/100)690 = 96.6
= 116.4-96.6 = 19.8
= (69.63/100)690 = 480.5
= 116.4+480.5 = 596.9

= (93.2/690)100 = 13.5
= (116.4/690)100 = 16.87
= (96.6/690)100 = 14
= (19.8/690)100 = 2.87
= (480.5/690)100 = 69.63
= 13.5 + 16.87 + 69.63 = 100

= (96.6/116.4)100 = 83

61

Juice extraction : Milling

X = 0.003X + 0.2257X + 66.6+0.6X
Mill mass balance Solving X = 388.1

=X
= (0.3/100)  X = 0.003X
= (22.57100)  X = 0.2257X

= 480.5-[(60/100)  (690-X)] = 66.6 + 0.6X

62

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Juice extraction : Milling

Mill mass balance

= (0.3/100)388.1 = 1.2
= (22.57/100)388.1 = 87.6
= (76/100)96.6 = 73.4
= 87.6-73.4 = 14.2
= 480.5-[(60/100)  (690-388.1)] = 299.3
= 87.6 + 299.3 = 386.9

= (1.2/388.1)100 = 0.30
= (87.6/388.1)100 = 22.57
= (73.4/388.1)100 = 18.92
= (14.2/388.1)100 = 3.66
= (299.3/388.1)100 = 77.13
= 0.3 + 22.57 + 77.13 = 100

= (73.4/87.6)100 = 83.8

63

Juice extraction : Milling

Mill mass balance

= 690 – 388.1 = 301.9

= 93.2 – 1.2 = 92.0
= 116.4 – 87.6 = 28.8
= 96.6 – 73.4 = 23.2
= 19.8 – 14.2 = 5.6
= 480.5 – 299.3 = 181.2
= 28.8 + 181.1 = 209.9

= (92/301.9)100 = 30.47
= (28.8/301.9)100 = 9.53
= (23.2/301.9)100 = 7.68
= (5.6/301.9)100 = 1.85
= (181.1/301.9)100 = 60.0
= 30.47 + 9.53 + 60.0 = 100

= (23.2/28.8)100 = 80.56

64

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Juice extraction : Milling

Milling sanitation
 Cane juice is mildly acidic (pH approximately 5.5) and, unless treated
soon after extraction, quickly inverts resulting in sucrose loss due to
formation of reducing sugars. In addition, bacteria and other micro-
organisms also become more active in an acid environment, resulting
in the developing of sever processing problems.

 A comprehensive mill sanitation program

 periodic inspection of the mill
 pressurized hot water cleaning (50-60 psi, 71 oC+)
 shock treatment
 application of microbiocide

W. Legendre. Preparation and Milling. Handout of 35 th International Raw Cane Sugar Manufactures’ Institute. May 29 – June 8, 2019. Nicholls State University. Thibodaux. Louisiana. USA
65
F. Beyen. Clarification. Handout of 35th International Raw Cane Sugar Manufactures’ Institute. May 29 – June 8, 2019. Nicholls State University. Thibodaux. Louisiana. USA

Juice extraction : Milling

Milling sanitation : Periodic inspection of the mill
 Visual inspections
 mill yard : Evaluate the condition of the incoming cane, cane yard
rotation
 cane washwater system : reinfection
 feeder table slats & belts
 shredder & knives

 Milling tandem
 juice pans  conveyers
 chains & belts  drives
 splash guards  juice troughs
 DSM screens : inspect the back sides

66
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Juice extraction : Milling

Milling sanitation : Periodic inspection of the mill
 Cush-Cush
 sidewalls and runners  slats and chains
 tail shaft  return chain chute
 blind areas  underside of the screens
 Rotating screens
 Juice tanks
 juice pumping tanks
 juice receiving tanks : scale, mixing and lime tanks

67
F. Beyen. Clarification. Handout of 35th International Raw Cane Sugar Manufactures’ Institute. May 29 – June 8, 2019. Nicholls State University. Thibodaux. Louisiana. USA

Juice extraction : Milling

Leuconostoc: conveyors

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Juice extraction : Milling

Leuconostoc: juice pans

69
F. Beyen. Clarification. Handout of 35th International Raw Cane Sugar Manufactures’ Institute. May 29 – June 8, 2019. Nicholls State University. Thibodaux. Louisiana. USA

Juice extraction : Milling

Leuconostoc: chain, slats & shafts

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Juice extraction : Milling

Leuconostoc: juice screens

71
F. Beyen. Clarification. Handout of 35th International Raw Cane Sugar Manufactures’ Institute. May 29 – June 8, 2019. Nicholls State University. Thibodaux. Louisiana. USA

Juice extraction : Milling

Leuconostoc: juice receiving tanks

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Juice extraction : Milling

Milling sanitation : Pressurized hot water cleaning
A regular HOT WATER WASH at pressure of 50-60 psi (3.4 – 4.1
bar) and temperature of 71 oC+ (160 oF+) is the most effective to achieve
a good sanitation around the mill tandem. It is also possible to use steam
lances for cleaning inside mill surfaces.

Milling sanitation : Shock treatment

 Mill sanitation is aided by shock treatment, e.g once per day or week,
with a bacteriacide such as tropical chloride of lime or chlorinated
lime (CaOCl).
 This may be applied to one or more points in the tandem to ensure
transmission throughout the tandem
 The shock treatment must be undertaken with great care as the gas
given off is extremely dangerous.
73
W. Legendre. Preparation and Milling. Handout of 35 th International Raw Cane Sugar Manufactures’ Institute. May 29 – June 8, 2019. Nicholls State University. Thibodaux. Louisiana. USA

Juice extraction : Milling

Milling sanitation : Application of microbiocide (bacteriacide)
Biocide may be applied, usually in liquid form, at two or more points
in the tandem. Beware-over time, bacterial build up a resistance to a single
biocide. It is therefore necessary to stagger use of biocide or to schedule
biocide application in such a way as to avoid the development of immunity.
 Controlling Leuconostoc mesenteroides
 controlling dextran formation
 once dextran has formed, it cannot be converted back to sucrose!!!
 reduce the requirement for dextranase usage
 Benefits
 limit direct losses to sucrose conversion
 increase capacity of clarifier and pans
 reduce scaling of heaters, evaporators, and pans
74
F. Beyen. Clarification. Handout of 35th International Raw Cane Sugar Manufactures’ Institute. May 29 – June 8, 2019. Nicholls State University. Thibodaux. Louisiana. USA

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Juice extraction : Milling

Milling sanitation : Application of microbiocide (bacteriacide)
Types of biocide
 Carbamate : this chemical is approved by FDA because it will be
hydrolyzed (i.e. break down) into other compounds at temperatures
greater than 70oC to oxides of sulfur, nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen,
all of which would be innocuous (or not harmful or offensive) by-
products such as CO2 and water for example.

 Quaternary ammonia : Not recommended by FDA because some

by-products (e.g. molasses, bagasse and pulp) are not authorized for
use in animal feed. It affects the yeast cultures in ethanol and alcohol
distilleries.

75
F. Beyen. Clarification. Handout of 35th International Raw Cane Sugar Manufactures’ Institute. May 29 – June 8, 2019. Nicholls State University. Thibodaux. Louisiana. USA

Juice extraction : Milling

Carbamates Quaternary ammonium
 Irreversibly binds essential enzymes, specific mode of  Cationic in nature, attaches to the negatively charged sites
attack, inhibits invertase and vital cytochrome system of cells, affecting nutrient inflow, denatures proteins
essentials for respiration and kills microorganisms. causing cell death
 Essentially kills microorganisms  General mode of action cannot distinguish between living
 Thermophiles are killed and dead organic matter
 High penetration power  May not kill microbes, can inhibit growth
 Performance remains same even in presence of organic  Thermophiles not effected
matter in high concentrations  Moderate penetration power
 Low doses (10-20 ppm) are sufficient for disinfection  Performance reduced by the presence of organic matter and
in cane juices divalent calcium ions
 Inhibits invertase, thus saves sucrose  Moderate doses (30-50 ppm) are required for disinfection in
 Non corrosive cane juices
 Less toxic LD50 of 40% thiocarbamates is 130 mg/kg  No action in invertase, thus enzymatic losses are not
body weight prevented
 Converted into non-toxic gasses above 70oC. This does  Non corrosive
not remain in the process. Hence is extremely safe.  Moderately toxic LD50 quarts is 11-13 mg/kg body weight
 Microbes cannot develop immunity. When used in low  Binds with organic matter, remains in the process
concentrations, microorganisms are killed till  Microbes can develop immunity. When used in low
carbamates are exhausted concentrations, microorganisms are not killed
 Can be used at low doses  Dangerous to use at low doses
 Approved by FDA for use in sugar  Not recommended by FDA

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Juice extraction : Milling

Carbamate
 gradient : active ingredients 30% (sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate 15%,
disodium ethylene bis-dithiocarbamate 15%) and inert Ingredients 70%
 feed points prior to the knives and/or shredder
 feed to the imbibition system for mill sanitation
 10 ppm to each application - 20 ppm total to give 99% kill

Last mill

2.5-10 ppm

2.5-10 ppm
77
F. Beyen. Clarification. Handout of 35th International Raw Cane Sugar Manufactures’ Institute. May 29 – June 8, 2019. Nicholls State University. Thibodaux. Louisiana. USA

Juice extraction : Diffusion

Diffusers rely on the removal of sucrose from prepared cane (90-94%
PI) by contact of a dilute solution with fibers containing a richer solution.
i. Cane diffusion – where there is no pre-extraction of juice before
lixiviation process
ii. Bagasse diffusion – where there is pre-extraction of juice in a single
mill prior to lixiviation

(i) (ii)

78
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Juice extraction : Diffusion

Cane diffuser
Fresh water

Cane Bagasse
K S Diffuser DM
Diffusion
K – knives juice
S – shredder Delgado and Casanova. Sugar processing and by-
DM – dewatering mills products of the sugar Industry. FAO. 2001

In cane diffuser, the cane and

juice have residence time of
60 – 80 min and 35 – 40 min,
respectively

79
A.V. Delgado, C. A. Casanova. Sugar processing and by-products of the sugar industry. FAO. 2001.

Juice extraction : Diffusion

Heater Heating vapor Cane diffuser
Injection vapor
Heater
Lifting Lifting screw
Cane
screw
Imbibition
Press
water
rollers Final
Diffuser bagasse

Stage trays
Dewatering
mills
III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI
Raw Press
juice water

There are usually 12–16 sections in a diffuser. The most dilute juice removed from section
12 is returned to the top of section 11 to dilute the material lying in this section. The slightly
richer (i.e higher brix) juice leaving section 11 is returned to dilute the material lying in
section 10, and so on. The greater the number of sections (or stages) the better the sucrose
extraction achieved for a given throughput.
80
Rein. Proceedings of The South African Sugar Technologists' Association - June 1995

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Juice extraction : Diffusion

Bagasse diffuser
Fresh water
First extracted juice

Cane Bagasse
K S 1M Diffuser DM

K – knives
S – shredder Diffusion
M1 – number of mills
DM – dewatering mills
juice Delgado and Casanova. Sugar processing and by-
products of the sugar Industry. FAO. 2001

In this diffuser, a primary mill unit

extracts a portion of the sucrose. The bagasse
and juice have residence time of 45 – 60 min
and 20 – 30 min, respectively within the
diffuser
81
A.V. Delgado, C. A. Casanova. Sugar processing and by-products of the sugar industry. FAO. 2001.

Juice extraction : Diffusion

Bagasse diffuser

82
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Juice extraction : Diffusion

BMA moving bed cane diffuser
Rein. Cane Sugar Engineering. Berlin. 2007

Cane diffuser at Komati, South Africa

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83

Juice extraction : Diffusion

Sutech bagasse diffuser

84

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Juice extraction : Diffusion

Tongaat Hulett cane diffusers

Adjustable sprays
Press water return
Press water drum
Chain and slats

85
Copied from presentation slide of Tongaat cane diffusers

Juice extraction : Diffusion

Mechanism of juice extraction from cane
 Transfer rate of sugar in broken cells from the surfaces of particles,
which is influenced by the velocity of liquid flow past the particles.
 Transfer rate of sugar from unbroken cells or broken cells in the
interior of the particles, which depends on temperature.
Volumetric throughput of cane in diffuser (VC)
mF Ah mF mass rate of fiber
VC   b,F fiber bulk density or fiber packing density
b,F  A screen area
h bed height
Ah b , F  residence time
or   wF,C fiber content of the cane
mF dP mean particle size obtained by screen analysis

Fiber packing density

26.5wF ,C
 b , F  wF ,C 0.58h  4.3  0.58h  4.3
d p  21.2
86
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Juice extraction : Diffusion

Juice percolation rates and percolation velocity
 Percolation rate (u0,L)  the rate of application of liquid applied to the
top surface of the bed (m3/min per m2 of bed area)
4,980
u0 , L  S specific surface or fineness of the particle (m2/kg)
S b2, F

 Percolation velocity (uL)  the downward velocity (m/min) of the

liquid as it moves between cane particles
u0 , L
 0.7
uL
Ratio of u0,L and uL is an indication of the reduced open area for flow in
the bed due to the presence of the solid material

87
P. Rein. Cane Sugar Engineering. 2nd edition. Verlag Dr. Albert Bartens KG-Berlin. 2017

Juice extraction : Diffusion

Press water quantity

mPW 
 
mB wDS , B  wF , B  wW , DB / 100  wW , DB   wW , B 
100  w DS , PW  wSo , PW   wDS , PW  wSo , PW  wW , DB / 100  wW , DB 

wDS,PW quantity of dissolved solid in press water

wSo,PW quantity of solid in press water

Sizing of diffusers : it involves specifying the screen area required to

achieve the required residence time of the solid material
and hence the desired extraction level.
A 

mF h b , F

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Juice extraction : Diffusion

Mass balance

18.5
1,101.6 276
378.1 24.2

302 1,001.3 466.3 191.2

402.3
378.1 1,101.6 256.5
9.9 256.5

89

Juice extraction : Diffusion

Critical factors determining efficiency of diffusion
 degree of cane preparation : PI > 90 is normally specified
 amount of imbibition water used or imbibition rate
 permeability of the “bed” of cane/bagasse or the rate of percolation of
juice through the cane/bagasse blanket. Heat and time are other key
factors in diffusion to allow transfer of sucrose from the fibers to the
surrounding dilute solution.
 Generally, temperature is maintained at 80 – 85oC within the diffuser by:
 heating of imbibition water to 90-95oC
 heating of “scalding juice” (taken off the 2nd stage of the diffuser and
returned to heat and soak the cane entering the diffuser)
 heating of press water (juice extracted from dewatering mills)
 direct injection of low pressure vapor or exhaust steam into the cane/
bagasse bed.
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Juice extraction : Diffusion

Critical factors determining efficiency of diffusion
 pH of circulating juice, usually maintained at 5.8 – 6.5 by addition of MOL
 flooding, which is usually caused by low rate of percolation due to the
presence of deposition of calcium salt and also the presence of too much
cane fed
 number of stages should not more 12 stages
 dewatering of bagasse is necessary to remove moisture from bagasse

91
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Juice extraction : Diffusion

Critical factors determining efficiency of diffusion

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Comparison: Milling vs. Diffusion

High in
Parameters
Milling Diffusion
1. Residence time, start up and shut down 
2. Extraction and recovery 
3. Amount of imbibition 
4. Moisture in bagasse 
5. Soil and sand in bagasse 
6. Soil and sand in raw juice 
7. Installation power / power consumption 
8. Ash content in diffusion 
9. Bagasse heating value 
10. Additional heating / steam 

93
P. Rein. Milling or diffusion-which should you choose?. Sugar Journal. January 2015

Comparison: Milling vs. Diffusion

High in
Parameters
Milling Diffusion
11. Raw juice temperature 
12. Quantity of bagasse 
13. Juice purity Not different
14. Color of raw juice 
15. Starch content in raw juice 
16. Fiber cake 
17. Capital cost 
18. Operating pressure 
19. Operating cost (ex. maintenance cost) 
20. Easily in expansion 

94
P. Rein. Milling or diffusion-which should you choose?. Sugar Journal. January 2015

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Comparison: Milling vs. Diffusion

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P. Rein. Cane Sugar Engineering. 2nd edition. Verlag Dr. Albert Bartens KG-Berlin. 2017

Comparison: Milling vs. Diffusion

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Sugarcane purchasing in Thailand

C.C.S. (Commercial Cane Sugar) is a sugarcane quality estimation
system, modified from the sugarcane trading system in Australia.
 represents theCommercial
sugar Cane content
Sugar C.C.S ofCommercial
cane ascaneitsugar is purchased
(เรี ยกย่อว่า C.C.S, ซี.ซี.เอส) by sugar
ดความหวาน mills
คือ หน่วยวั
ของอ้ อย ซึ่งหมายถึง ปริ มาณร้ อยละของของแข็งที่ละลายได้ ทั ้งหมด (total soluble solid) ที่มีอยูใ่ นน ้าอ้ อยซึ่งส่วนใหญ่คือคือ น ้าตาล
 determined from ซูโครส สูตรทีthe
่ใช้ ในการคanalysis
เบอร์ โดยสูตร ซี.ซี.เอส.
for
านวณ ค่า ซี .ซี.เอส ประกอบด้ pol
วย ค่าคงที ่ Kb (0.9660)
and brixค่าคงที่ Kp (0.9433)
of theค่าบริfirst กซ์ (brix) ค่expressed
าโพล และค่าไฟ juice
คือ
at the first pair of rolls and the measurement of fiber in the variety of the
C.C.S.= 0.9433 P1 (100-F) /100 - 1/2[0.9660 B1 (100-F) /100-0.9433 P1 (100-F) /100]
เมื่อ P1 = ค่าโพล (ปริ มาณร้ อยละโดยน ้าหนักของน ้าตาลซูโครสที่ละลายอยูใ่ นน ้าอ้ อย)
cane. B1 = ค่าองศาบริ กซ์ (degree brix) (ปริ มาณร้ อยละโดยน ้าหนักของของแข็งทั ้งหมดที่ละลายอยูใ่ นน ้าอ้ อย)
F = เปอร์ เซ็นต์เส้ นใยอ้ อย
 determines the payment made to the grower

3P 100  F  5 B 100  F  3

C.C.S .     
2  100  2 100 

P pol in first expressed juice (%)

B brix in first expressed juice (%)
F fiber in cane (%)

http://kanchanapisek.or.th/kp6/sub/book/book.php?book=5&chap=3&page=t5-3-infodetail16.html 97
http://www.foodnetworksolution.com/wiki/word/3591/commercial-cane-sugar

Sugarcane purchasing in Thailand

การคิดคานวณราคาอ้ อย : สานักงานคณะกรรมการอ้ อยและนา้ ตาลทราย
ราคาอ้อย = รายได้ส่วนที่ 1 + (รายได้ส่วนที่ 2  ค่า C.C.S. ที่ได้) + รายได้จากกากน้ าตาล
รายได้ส่วนที่ 1 = รายรับจากการขายน้ าตาลที่คิดตามน้ าหนัก
รายได้ส่วนที่ 2 = รายรับจากการขายน้ าตาลที่คิดตามค่าความหวาน
ตัวอย่าง
รายได้ส่วนที่ 1 = รายรับจากการขายน้ าตาลที่คิดตามน้ าหนัก คือ 200 บาท/ตันอ้อย
รายได้ส่วนที่ 2 = รายรับจากการขายน้ าตาลที่คิดตามค่าความหวาน คือ 40 บาท/ตันอ้อย/ 1 C.C.S.
ค่า C.C.S. = 12 C.C.S.
รายได้จากกากน้ าตาล = 20 บาท/ตันอ้อย
ราคาอ้อย = 200 + (40  12) + 20 = 700 บาท/ตันอ้อย
In 2561/2562, the cane payment is 700 baht/t at 10 C.C.S. and added 42 baht for
each increasing C.C.S.
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Juice screening
The juice from the extraction plant contains a significant quantity of
small pieces of bagasse (cush) and organic mater, which can lead to blockages
in equipment like heaters.

 The juice coming from a milling tandem can contain over 3 kg insoluble
solids/100 kg raw juice, but is usually about half that value.
 Raw juice from diffusers has much less bagasse in it, due to the filtering
action of the diffuser and in a number of diffuser mills screens are
dispensed with altogether. This is a common practice in South Africa
where suspended solids are less than 0.1 kg/100 kg raw diffuser juice.

Note:
Coarse dispersoids that have to be removed are cush-cush and sand & silt

99
P. Rein. Cane Sugar Engineering. 2nd edition. Verlag Dr. Albert Bartens KG-Berlin. 2017

Juice screening
Types of screen
 DSM screens or “ski jump”
 A stationary screen developed by
Dorr-Oliver called DSM (Dutch State
Mines).
 Juice is carefully fed from a weir to
the top surface of the concave screen
and passes through the curved static
screen while the bagasse particles are
retained on the screen and slide down
to be discharged at the bottom by
gravity. The screens come in sections
between 0.6 and 1.6 m wide and the
arc of the screen on the frame usually
encloses an angle of 45o.
Sugarcane. Milling manual. Philippine Sugar Millers Association Inc. Volume 1. 2005
100
F. Beyen. Clarification. Handout of 35th International Raw Cane Sugar Manufactures’ Institute. May 29 – June 8, 2019. Nicholls State University. Thibodaux. Louisiana. USA

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Juice screening
Types of screen
 DSM screens or “ski jump”
 A capacity of 400 gpm per meter width of screen is conservative.
 Washing with hot water or steam once per shift keeps screens clean.

https://www.wirescreen.org/window-screen/dsmscreen.html

101
F. Beyen. Clarification. Handout of 35th International Raw Cane Sugar Manufactures’ Institute. May 29 – June 8, 2019. Nicholls State University. Thibodaux. Louisiana. USA

Juice screening
Types of screen
 Rotating screen
 It is installed above the milling train to facilitate the return of the
extraneous matter back to the tandem.
 Juice is introduced from a head box, falling almost tangentially onto the
screen in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the screen. This
arrangement results in minimal blocking of the screen and gives high
throughputs and screening efficiency.
 The screen is arranged in a truncated conical cylinder in a horizontal axis,
which encourages the juice to spread over the whole length of the screen
when the small end tends to choke up. The large end is fully open, and
delivers into a small compartment where the fine bagasse is deposited .
 An area of about 0.1 m2 of metallic cloth per ton cane per hour should be
provided.
Sugarcane. Milling manual. Philippine Sugar Millers Association Inc. Volume 1. 2005
102
F. Beyen. Clarification. Handout of 35th International Raw Cane Sugar Manufactures’ Institute. May 29 – June 8, 2019. Nicholls State University. Thibodaux. Louisiana. USA

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Juice screening
Wedge screen

http://www.liquidfiltersystem.com/wedge%20screen.htm
103
F. Beyen. Clarification. Handout of 35th International Raw Cane Sugar Manufactures’ Institute. May 29 – June 8, 2019. Nicholls State University. Thibodaux. Louisiana. USA

Juice screening
Sutech design

104

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Daily report : milling

KI1

105

Daily report : diffuser

KI2

106

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Daily report : diffuser

107

Thank you for your attention

and
let’s discuss about this topic

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