3.DAY-22 BOT - Biological Classification - 03-05-2020 PDF
3.DAY-22 BOT - Biological Classification - 03-05-2020 PDF
A B Spore C - Flagellum D
(1) A-Cocci, B-Bacilli, C-Spirilla, D-Vibrio (2) A-Bacilli, B-Cocci, C-Spirilla, D-Vibro
(3) A-Spirilla, B-Bacilli, C-Cocci, D-Vibrio (4) A-Spirilla, B-Vibrio, C-Cocci, D-Bacilli
Key: (1)
Hint: A-Cocci, B-Bacilli, C-Spirilla, D-Vibrio
30. Choose the incorrect match from following
(1) Diatoms - Chief producers in oceans. (2) Dinoflagellates - Plated cell wall
(3) Euglenoids - Identical pigments to higher plants. (4) Slime mould - True wall found in vegetative stage
Key: (4)
Hint: Slime mould - True wall found around spore
31. Which of the following characteristic(s) is/are used by Whittaker for the classification of organisms ?
(1) Mode of nutrition (2) Thallus organisation (3) Phylogenetic relationships(4) All of the above
Key: (4)
Hint : R.H. Whittaker (1969) proposed a five kingdom classification. The main criteria for classification used by him include cell
structure, thallus organisation, mode of nutrition, reproduction and phylogenetic relationships.
32. Which of the following is a parasitic fungi on the mustard plant ?
(1) Albugo (2) Puccinia (3) Yeast (4) Ustilago
Key: (1)
Hint: Albugo is the parasitic fungi on mustard and belongs to the class phycomycetes and kingdom fungi.
33. Which of the following pigment is present in cyanobacteria?
(1) Chlorophyll ‘a’ (2) Chlorophyll ‘b’ (3) Chlorophyll ‘c’ (4) Chlorophyll ‘d’
Key: (1) The cyanobacteria or blue-green algae are the largest and most diverse group of photosynthetic bacteria. They have
chlorophyll ‘a’ similar to green plants. They are the first organisms to make atmosphere acrobic.
34. Which of the following is/are example(s) of deuteromycetes?
(1) Alternaria (2) Colletotrichum (3) Trichoderma (4) All of these
Key: (4) Deuteromycetes is also known as fungi imperfecti because the perfect (sexual) stage is either absent or not reported.
Alternaria, Colletotrichum and Trichoderma belong to deuteromycetes.
35. Which of the following is the smallest living cell and can live without oxygen?
(1) Mycoplasma (2) Mycorrhiza (3) Euglena (4) Trypanosoma
Key: (1) Mycoplasma are the simplest or smallest known organisms that completely lack a cell wall and can survive without oxygen.
36. Which of the following pairs come under the group chrysophytes?
(1) Diatoms and Euglena (2) Euglena and Trypanosoma
(3) Diatoms and Desmids (4) Gonyaulax and Desmids
Key: (3) Chrysophytes are a group of diatoms, golden algae (desmids) and golden brown photosynthetic microscopic protists. Their
body is covered by a transparent siliceous shell.
37. A scientist "X" demonstrated that extract of infected plants of "Y" could cause infection in healthy plants and called the fluid as
"Contagium vivum fluidum". Identify X and Y.
X Y
(1) W. M. Stanley Potato
(2) M. W. Beijerinek Tobacco
(3) D. J. Ivanowsky Cauliflower
(4) Pasteur Tomato
Key: (2) M. W. Beijerinek demonstrated that extract of infected plants of tobacco could cause infection in healthy plants and called
the fluid as "Contagium vivum fluidum".
38. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct about ascomycetes ?
(i) Neurospora, which is used in biochemical and genetic work is a member of this class.
(ii) They are mostly multicellular, e.g., Yeast, or rarely unicellular, e.g., Penicillium.
(iii) They are saprophytic, decomposers, parasitic or coprophilous.
(iv) Some examples are Aspergillus, Claviceps and Neurospora.
(1) Both (i) and (ii) (2) Only (ii) (3) (i), (iii) and (iv) (4) All of these
Key: (3) Ascomycetes are commonly known as sac-fungi. They are mostly multicellular e.g., Penicillium or rarely unicellular, e.g.,
Yeast.
39. Read the given statements and answer the question.
(i) It includes unicellular as well as multicellular fungi.
(ii) In multicellular forms, hyphae are branched and septate.
(iii) Conidiophore produces conidia (spores) exogenously in chain.
(iv) Sexual spores are ascospores produced endogenously in chain.
(v) Fruiting body is called ascocarp.
Identify the correct class of fungi which have all the above given characteristics.
(1) Phycomycetes (2) Sac fungi (3) Club fungi (4) Fungi imperfecti
Key: (2) Sac fungi is a common name of ascomycetes which produce spores in a distinctive type of microscopic sporangium called
an ascus. They are characterized by well-developed thallus and production of ascospores. They are the largest class of fungi.
Examples of sac fungi are yeasts, morels, truffles, and Penicillium.
40. Which of the following group of kingdom protista is being described in the statements given below ?
(i) This group includes diatoms and golden algae.
(ii) They are microscopic and float passively in water currents (plankton).
(iii) Most of them are photosynthetic.
(iv) They have deposits in their habitat; this accumulation over billion of years is referred to as ‘diatomaceous earth’.
(1) Dinoflagellates (2) Chrysophytes (3) Euglenoids (4) Slime moulds
Key: (2) Chrysophytes are plant-like protists that can be found in marine and freshwater environments which are often low in
calcium. There are three main types of chrysophytes: diatoms (bacillariophyta), goldenbrown algae (chrysophyceae), and
yellow-green algae (xanthophyceae).
41. T. O. Diener discovered a new infectious agent that was smaller than viruses and have the following characteristics.
(i) It causes potato spindle tuber disease. (ii) It has free RNA.
(iii) Molecular weight of RNA is low.
Identify the infections agent.
(1) Viruses (2) Viroids (3) Virion (4) Mycoplasma
Key: (2) Viroids cause potato spindle tuber disease (PSTV), chrysanthemum stunt, citrus exocortis, cucumber pale fruit etc. They
cause persistent infections, i.e., never recovered.
42. Which of the following are the characters of dinoflagellates?
(i) They are planktonic golden yellow algae with soap box like structure.
(ii) They are marine red biflagellated protista.
(iii) They appear yellow, green, brown, blue and red in colour.
(iv) They are biflagellated organisms with pellicle.
(v) They are saprophytic (or) parasitic unicellular forms.
(1) (ii) and (iii) (2) (ii) and (v) (3) (i), (ii) and (iii) (4) (ii), (iv) and (v)
Key: (3) Dinoflagellates are mostly single-celled organisms classified in the kingdom protista. Dinoflagellates characteristically have
two flagella for locomotion and most have a rigid cell wall of cellulose encrusted with silica. Their cell wall is divided into two
halves called theca that may fit as two halves of a soap box or a petri dish. Some species (e.g., Noctiluca miliaris) are
bioluminescent.
43. Read the following statements and answer the question given below
(i) They are saprophytic protists.
(ii) Under suitable conditions, they form an aggregation (called plasmodium) which may grow and spread over several feet.
(iii) During unfavourable conditions, the plasmodium differentiates and forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their tips.
Which of the following class of protists is being described by the above statements ?
(1) Euglenoids (2) Dinoflagellates (3) Slime moulds (4) Protozoans
Key: (3) All the described statements are related to slime moulds. Slime moulds are saprophytic protists. They are a simple organism
that consists of an acellular mass of creeping jelly-like protoplasm containing nuclei, or a mass of amoeboid cells. When it
reaches a certain size it forms a large number of spore cases.
44. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct about class basidiomycetes ?
(i) They are commonly known as imperfect fungi because only the asexual or vegetative phases of these fungi are known.
(ii) They grow in soil, on logs and tree stumps and in living plant bodies as parasites, e.g., rusts and smuts.
(iii) The mycelium is branched and septate.
(iv) Some common members are Agaricus, Ustilago and Puccinia.
(1) Only (i) (2) Both (ii) and (iii) (3) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (4) All of these
Key: (3) Basidiomycetes are commonly known as club fungi. Other commonly known forms of basidiomycetes are mushrooms,
bracket fungi or puffballs.
45. Read the following statements and answer the question.
(i) Some members are saprophytes or parasites while a large number of them are decomposers of litter and help in mineral
cycling.
(ii) They reproduce only by asexual spores known as conidia.
(iii) Mycelium is septate and branched.
(iv) Alternaria, Colletotrichum and Trichoderma are examples of this class.
Which of the following class of fungi is being described by the above statements ?
(1) Phycomycetes (2) Deuteromycetes (3) Basidiomycetes (4) Ascomycetes
Key: (2) Deuteromycetes is an artificial group without any common relationship. They are commonly known as fungi imperfecti due
to absence of perfect sexual stage. They have septate hyphae and reproduce asexually by means of conidia.
46. Match the terms given in column-I with their examples given in column-II and choose the correct option
Column-I Column-II
(Terms) (Examples)
A. Ascus I. Spirulina
B. Basidium II. Penicillium
C. Protista III. Agaricus
D. Cyanobacteria IV. Euglena
E. Animalia V. Sponges
(1) A – II, B – III, C – IV, D – V, E – I (2) A – I, B – II, C – III, D – V, E – IV
(3) A – II, B – V, C – III, D – I, E – IV (4) A – II, B – III, C – IV, D – I, E – V
Key: (4) Ascus is a sac, typically cylindrical in shape, in which the spores of ascomycetes fungi develop. Basidium is a microscopic
club-shaped spore-bearing structure produced by certain fungi. Euglena, Spirulina and sponges are the examples of protista,
cyanobacteria and animalia respectively.
47. Match the class of fungi given in column I with their examples given in column II and choose the correct option
Column-I Column-II
(Class of fungi) (Examples)
A. Ascomycetes I. Rhizopus
B. Basidiomycetes II. Penicillium
C. Deuteromycetes III. Ustilago
D. Phycomycetes IV. Alternaria
(1) A – IV, B – III, C – I, D – II (2) A – II, B – III, C – IV, D – I
(3) A – IV, B – I, C – II, D – III (4) A – III, B – IV, C – II, D – I
Key: (2)
Hint: A – II, B – III, C – IV, D – I
48. Match the type of protozoans given in column-I with their examples given in column-II and choose the correct option.
Column-I Column-II
(Type of Protozoans) (Examples)
A. Amoeboid protozoans I. Paramecium
B. Ciliated protozoans II. Plasmodium
C. Flagellated protozoans III. Amoeba
D. Sporozoans IV. Trypanosoma
(1) A – I, B – III, C – IV, D – II (2) A – III, B – I, C – II, D – IV
(3) A – III, B – I, C – IV, D – II (4) A – III, B – IV, C – I, D – II
Key: (3) Protozoans are single celled microscopic eukaryotic organisms that are noted for their ability to move independently.
Protozoans are classified on the basis of their locomotion - amoeboid (Amoeba), ciliated (Paramecium), flagellated
(Trypanosoma) and Sporozoans (Plasmodium).
49. Match column-I (Characters/feature) with column-II (examples) and choose the correct option.
Column-I Column-II
(Characters/features) (Examples)
A. Red dinoflagellates I. Rhizopus
B. Unicellular fungi used to make bread and beer II. Gonyaulax
C. Source of antibiotics III. Yeast
D. Bread mould IV. Penicillium
(1) A – III, B – II, C – I, D – IV (2) A – II, B – III, C – I, D – IV
(3) A – II, B – III, C – IV, D – I (4) A – II, B – IV, C – III, D – I
Key: (3) Rhizopus is a genus of common saprophytic fungi on plants and specialized parasites on animals. They are found on a wide
variety of organic substrates, including "mature fruits and vegetables", jellies, syrups, leather, bread, peanuts and tobacco.
Rhizopus stolonifer is more commonly known as black bread mold. Gonyaulax is one of the dinoflagellates responsible for the
advent of red tides. Yeast is a unicellular fungus, used to make bread and beer. Penicillium is a genus of ascomycetous fungi of
major importance in the natural environment as well as food and drug production. Some members of the genus produce
penicillin, a molecule that is used as an antibiotic.
50. Match the scientists given in column I with their discovery given in column II and choose the correct option.
Column-I Column-II
(Scientists) (Discovery)
A. Ernst Mayr I. Discovered Viroids
B. Whittaker II. Gave the name virus
C. Pasteur III. Proposed five kingdom classification
D. Diener IV. Darwin of the 20th century
(1) A – IV, B – III, C – II, D – I (2) A – III, B – IV, C – II, D – I
(3) A – II, B – III, C – IV, D – I (4) A – I, B – II, C – III, D – IV
Key: (1) Ernst Mayr was a renowned taxonomist, tropical explorer, ornithologist, and historian of science. His work contributed to
the conceptual revolution that led to the modern evolutionary synthesis of Mendelian genetics, systematics, and Darwinian
evolution, and to the development of the biological species concept. Robert Harding Whittaker was a distinguished American
plant ecologist. He was the first to propose the five-kingdom taxonomic classification of the world's biota into the Animalia,
Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monera in 1959. Louis Pasteur was a French chemist and microbiologist renowned for his
discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization. He gave the name virus. Theodor Otto
Diener discovered the viroid, a plant pathogen one fiftieth of the size of the smallest viruses.
51. Match column I (containing fungus name) with column II (common name) and choose the correct options.
Column-I Column-II
(Fungus name) (Commonly called)
A. Puccinia I. Yeast
B. Ustilago II. Mushroom
C. Agaricus III. Smut fungus
D. Saccharomyces IV. Rust fungus
(1) A – I, B – II, C – III, D – IV (2) A – II, B – III, C – IV, D – I
(3) A – III, B – IV, C – I, D – II (4) A – IV, B – III, C – II, D – I
Key: (4) Puccinia, Ustilago, Agaricus and Saccharomyces are commonly called as rust fungi, smut fungi, mushroom and yeast
respectively.
52. Select the correct match from the given option.
(1) Occurrence of dikaryotic stage - ascomycetes and basidiomycetes.
(2) Saprophytes - They are autotrophic and absorb soluble organic matter from dead substrates.
(3) Vegetative mean of reproduction in fungi - fragmentation, budding and sporangiophores.
(4) Steps involved in asexual cycle of fungi - plasmogamy, karyogamy and meiosis in zygote resulting in haploid spores.
Key: (1) Saprophytes are heterotrophic and absorb soluble organic matter from dead substrates. Vegetative mean of reproduction in
fungi are fragmentation, budding and fission. Steps involved in sexual cycle of fungi are plasmogamy, karyogamy and meiosis
in zygote resulting in haploid spores.
53. Refer to the given figures of bacteria cell and Nostoc and choose the option which shows correct label for the structures marked
as A, B, C, D and E ?
A B C D
(1) Tail fibres Head Sheath Collar
(2) Sheath Collar Head Tail fibres
(3) Head Sheath Collar Tail fibres
(4) Collar Tail fibres Head Sheath
Key: (3) The given diagram is of bacteriophage (viruses that infect the bacteria). They have tadpole-like structure, i.e., with head and
tail. Nucleic acid generally DNA is present inside the head. Tail is having hollow core end is surrounded by tail sheath. At the
end of tail, end plate is present to which tail fibres are attached.
55. Bacteria are found to be primitive organisms because they
(1) are small, microscopic which are not seen with naked eye.
(2) cause serious diseases to human being, domestic animals and crop plants.
(3) produce endospores which are very resistant to adverse conditions.
(4) possess incipient nucleus and show amitotic division.
Key: (4) Bacteria are microscopic organisms whose single cells have neither a membrane-enclosed nucleus nor other membrane-
enclosed organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts. Bacteria are found to be primitive organisms because they do not have
well-defined nucleus and shows amitotic division.
56. Mycorrhizae are useful for plants because they
(1) fix atmospheric nitrogen. (2) enhance absorption of nutrients from the soil.
(3) kill insects and pathogen. (4) provide resistance against abiotic stresses.
Key: (2) Mycorrhizae is symbiotic association between fungi and roots of higher plants, e.g., in the roots of Pinus. This association
provides the fungus with food. Fungus help in the absorption of water and nutrient.
57. Ustilago causes plant diseases (called smuts) because
(1) they parasitize on cereals. (2) they lack mycelium.
(3) they develop sooty masses of spores. (4) their affected parts becomes completely black.
Key: (4) Smut disease is caused by Ustilago species of basidiomycetes fungi. It is characterized by formation of black coloured
chlamydospores or teleutospores (called smut spores) due to which the affected part becomes black.
58. Fungi show asexual reproduction by all of the following kinds of spores except
(1) conidia (2) oospores (3) sporangiospores (4) zoospores
Key: (2) In fungi, asexual reproduction takes place by sporescalled conidia or sporangiospores or zoospores, and sexual reproduction
is by oospores, ascospores and basidiospores.
59. Which of the following is the correct sequence of three steps in the sexual cycle of fungi?
(1) Mitosis Meiosis Fertilization (2) Plasmogamy Karyogamy Meiosis
(3) Mitosis Plasmogamy Karyogamy (4) Karyogamy Plasmogamy Meiosis
Key: (2) The sexual cycle in fungi involves the following three steps : plasmogamy, karyogamy and meiosis
(i) Fusion of protoplasm between two motile or non-motile gametes called plasmogamy.
(ii) Fusion of two nuclei called karyogamy.
(iii) Meiosis in zygote resulting in haploid spores.