Del Principe O'Brien June 2020 Letter
Del Principe O'Brien June 2020 Letter
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fixed-income investors left the market in record time. It was one of the most ferocious reactions by
investors in history.
Financial panics are not totally new territory, however. Consider the 1973 oil shock; interest rates of
17% in 1982; the 1987 market crash; the 9/11 terrorist attacks; the 2008-09 credit crisis; and now the
COVID-19 pandemic. Consider that the market has pulled back 20% or more 21 times since 1929.
Highly disruptive events occur more often than we think, and we expect this to continue to be the
case.
Handling Volatility
“For the investor who knows what he is doing, volatility creates opportunity.” –John Train
In the current crisis, the S&P 500 Index declined by about 34% in 23 business days—the fastest
decline of such magnitude since at least 1928. Equity volatility reached all-time highs (82.69%),
exceeding the levels of the 2008-09 financial crisis (80.86%), as measured by the VIX Index. Almost
every U.S. stock sold off by a massive amount almost instantly, and on average trading volumes
nearly doubled.
In our view, the velocity of this decline has been partly driven by technological advancements that
allow for faster trading and dissemination of news than ever before. The pervasiveness of social media
likely has contributed to the speed of sell-offs, too. We also believe that many investment firms were
highly leveraged and had to resort to margin calls.
During times of volatility, it’s human nature to want to offload investments and get out of the
market. It’s painful for an investor to feel like he is “losing money” as stock prices plummet. But we
value investors know better. We know that a market pullback creates opportunities. We can get into
companies that we have been interested in because prices have dropped. We can strengthen our
portfolio by getting out of positions that are no longer serving us. We analyze and manage risk and
continue to invest for the long term, using volatility to our advantage.
Economic Moats: Mastercard and Visa
“It is remarkable how much long-term advantage people like us have gotten by trying to be consistently not
stupid, instead of trying to be very intelligent. ” –Charlie Munger
In our February 2020 letter, we outlined different types of economic moats, which are competitive
advantages that allow a company to protect profit and maintain excellent margins over time.
Efficient scale is one type of moat, and it occurs when a market is served effectively by just a few
players. Monopolies, duopolies, and oligopolies are examples of this kind of moat.
Consider Mastercard and Visa. They are part of an oligopoly of major credit card networks, which
also includes American Express and Discover. They are arguably the two biggest players in the
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market, accounting for 65-70% of worldwide payments volume, and are often thought of in tandem.
Because of this moat, it is unlikely that a company could enter the market and build a network large
and powerful enough to successfully erode the Big Two’s profit margins.
New Purchases
“Value investing is the discipline of buying securities at a significant discount from their current
underlying values and holding them until more of their value is realized. The element of a bargain is
the key to the process.” –Seth Klarman
Mastercard Inc. (MC) | Ownership 2%–9%
Speaking of Mastercard, the market pullback gave us a chance to become owners of this “technology
company in the global payments industry.” The company has been around since 1969 and with
strong branding has become the quintessential household name. Mastercard generates revenues based
on its customers’ gross dollar volume (GDV) of activity on the products that bear the Mastercard
brand—and that’s a lot of activity. In fiscal year 2019, the company processed almost $5 trillion in
purchase transactions. With a global market share for credit and debit cards estimated at 29% and
24%, respectively, it is the only player in the payments industry besides Visa that has a truly global
presence.
The size and reach of Mastercard’s network makes it essentially unassailable (See our previous
section about economic moats) and has produced an impressive level of profitability. In 2019,
operating margins based on net revenue were 57%. If you invested $100 in Mastercard in 2009 it
would have been $1,459 in August of 2019, while the same $100 invested in the S&P would be $353.
The ongoing shift toward electronic payments is yet another reason we believe Mastercard is well
positioned to continue its dominance.
Visa Inc. (V) | Ownership 2%– 9%
In addition to Mastercard, we are now owners of its counterpart, Visa, which calls itself “the world’s
leader in digital payments.” Visa originated in 1958 and in 1976 became the brand we know today.
Visa has almost 16,000 financial institution partners, with 3.4 billion Visa cards in circulation, and
over 50 million merchants accepting Visa. In fiscal year 2019, the company processed almost $9
trillion in purchase transactions and holds more than 50% market share by purchase volume in the
U.S., Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East/Africa regions. The shift toward electronic
payments has aided Visa’s growth, and we expect this growth to continue. On a global basis, digital
payments surpassed cash payments just a couple of years ago, suggesting this growth will continue.
Like Mastercard, Visa’s dominance in the market has driven its excellent profitability. In fiscal year
2019 operating margin based on net revenue was 67%. From 2009 to 2019 its operating margin has
been between 56% and 67% each year, and its net margin during the same period has been between
37% and 53% each year. Consider also that in 2009 Visa’s Free Cash Flow (FCF) was $252 million
and in 2019 it was more than $12 billion. According to the company, if you invested $100 in Visa in
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2014 it would have been $334 in September of 2019; that same $100 invested in the S&P would have
been $167.
Moody’s Corporation (MCO) | Ownership 1%–9%
The global risk assessment firm, Moody’s, is one half of the duopoly that makes up the credit rating
industry. Along with Standard & Poor’s (SPGI), Moody’s is the premier gatekeeper of bond ratings,
with the two firms providing more than 80% of the total number of ratings issued. Moody’s wide
moat and intangible assets were built with not only significant investment, but also time. We view
Moody’s moat today as over 100 years in the making. It would take another firm decades to build the
brand recognition and trust that Moody’s enjoys today.
From 2009 to 2019, Moody’s net margin has been consistently 25-30% each year. In 2009, its FCF
was $574 million and in 2019 was more than $1.6 billion. Thanks to the recent market volatility, we
now believe the company’s value is worth our investment.
Portfolio Moves
“We try not to have many investing “rules,” but there is one that has served us well: If we decide we were
wrong about something, in terms of why we did it, we exit, period. We never invent new reasons to continue
with a position when the original reasons are no longer available.” –David Einhorn
Not only did the market pullback allow us to purchase new companies for our portfolio, but it also
allowed us to do some necessary housekeeping. We were glad to have the opportunity to unload
companies that are no longer serving us well, including Goodyear Tire and Rubber (GT), Perrigo
(PRGO), and National-Oilwell Varco (NOV), and we were able to sell these stocks well before they
were cut in half. In some cases, we were concerned that the companies’ leadership was not delivering
on their promises, which is an important aspect of analyzability. We need evidence that CEOs will
make prudent capital allocation decisions, especially when times are good.
We also had the chance to add to existing investments, including Roper Technologies (ROP),
Broadcomm (AVGO), Eastman Chemical Company (EMN), NXP Semiconductors (NXPI), and
Berkshire Hathaway (BRK.B). These moves create a more focused equity portfolio and ensure that
we are placing our hard-earned capital with companies that demonstrate great balance sheets and
great growth opportunities.
JDP Bond Portfolio
While we have been using market volatility to further focus our equity portfolio, we are using this
season of flux to broaden our bond portfolio to include other quality debt holdings. Over the previous
five years, we have benefited greatly from our investments in the energy sector, but our Q2 2020
numbers will no doubt reflect its recent turmoil. We are keeping a very close eye on the energy sector,
and like most things in life, we believe patience and due diligence will win out. It’s worth noting, too,
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that over the last few months, the 10-year Treasury yield has fallen to its lowest levels in history. The
Fed has clearly indicated they will continue to keep interest rates low into the foreseeable future.
The following table provides a brief summary of how the JDP Bond Portfolio has performed on
average over the last three years:
JDP Bond Portfolio by Quarter*
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