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Determination of A Rate Law Part 2

The document describes an experiment to determine the temperature dependence of a reaction rate constant using the Arrhenius equation. Students will study the iodide oxidation reaction at different temperatures and use the measured reaction rates to create an Arrhenius plot of ln(k) versus 1/T. From the slope and intercept of the linear fit to the data, the activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (A) for the reaction will be determined. Analysis of the results will allow calculation of these fundamental kinetic parameters and test the validity of the Arrhenius equation for the reaction.

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Abu Sufyan Butt
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80 views3 pages

Determination of A Rate Law Part 2

The document describes an experiment to determine the temperature dependence of a reaction rate constant using the Arrhenius equation. Students will study the iodide oxidation reaction at different temperatures and use the measured reaction rates to create an Arrhenius plot of ln(k) versus 1/T. From the slope and intercept of the linear fit to the data, the activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (A) for the reaction will be determined. Analysis of the results will allow calculation of these fundamental kinetic parameters and test the validity of the Arrhenius equation for the reaction.

Uploaded by

Abu Sufyan Butt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHM152LL LAB MANUAL TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF A RATE CONSTANT

Temperature Dependence of a Rate Constant


INTRODUCTION
Arrhenius equation
Over a hundred years ago, Svante Arrhenius recognized that the temperature dependence of
the reaction rate could be described in terms of the fraction of reactant molecules possessing
at least some minimum energy. Henry Eyring later interpreted this energy threshold in terms
of his molecular collision theory. Eyring called the minimum energy value the activation
energy, Ea, and described it as the energy required to bend or stretch the reactant molecules to
the point where old bonds could break or new bonds form and then assemble product
molecules.
In this week’s lab exercise, you and a partner will continue your study of the iodide oxidation
by hydrogen peroxide, investigating the effect of temperature changes on the reaction rate.
In last week’s lab, you studied the reaction:
+
2I – (aq) + H 2O 2 (aq) ⎯H⎯→ I 2 (aq) + 2H 2O(l) (1)
and determined the parameters of its rate law:
rate = k [I–]p [H2O2]q (2)
at room temperature. In today’s lab, you will investigate the temperature functionality of the
rate constant, k, using the Arrhenius equation:
⎛–E ⎞
k = Aexp⎜ a ⎟ (3)
⎝ RT ⎠
or, in equivalent logarithmic form:
E 1
ln k = ln A − a × (4)
R T
Preparing the lab notebook
Write a brief outline of the planned experimental procedure in your notebook. This
experiment uses the same reagents as the previous experiment. Review the safety hazards and
prudent practices.
Leave space to record significant experimental details, such as the stock reagent
concentrations (taken from the stock-bottle labels), descriptions of the instruments used (e.g.
pipettes, thermometers, clocks), and the names of your coworkers. Prepare a table that will
allow you to record the required data as you did last week.
PROCEDURE
1. Prepare two water baths in large beakers. Mount a thermometer in each bath. Monitor the
bath temperatures and keep them constant during your kinetic runs by adding ice or adjusting
the hot plate thermostat.
a. Make an ice/water bath by filling the beaker with crushed ice and then adding just
enough tap water to cover the ice.
b. Make a hot water bath by filling the beaker 3/4 full with tap water. Place a magnetic stir
bar in the beaker. Heat the bath to 40°C over a stirring hot plate, keeping the bath stirred
at a gentle rate.

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CHM152LL LAB MANUAL TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF A RATE CONSTANT

2. Prepare a clean dry 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask. Into this flask, precisely measure (and record)
the volumes (and stock concentrations) used to make up Solution A (see Table 2, below).
Prepare a clean dry 10-mL beaker, and then add H2O2 (Solution B). Suspend both the flask
and beaker in the ice bath. Wait two minutes for thermal equilibration. Read and record the
bath temperature.
3. One partner will start timing the reaction as the second partner pours the hydrogen peroxide
into the Erlenmeyer flask. Swirl the flask gently to mix the solutions. Avoid agitating the
solution, as atmospheric O2 interferes with the reaction and confuses the results. Return the
flask to the ice/water bath. The second partner should monitor the bath temperature and keep
it constant within 0.4°C. At the same time, the first partner watches for the starch indicator
color change. When the color changes, read the time (in seconds) and record it in your
notebooks.
Table 1: Recommended compositions and temperatures of trial solutions
Solution A Solution B
Run T (°C)
Buffer 0.1 M KI Starch 0.02 M Na2S2O3 DI Water 0.3 M H2O2
1 0 2.00 mL 2.40 mL 1.00 mL 2.00 mL 4.60 mL 4.00 mL
2 0 2.00 mL 2.40 mL 1.00 mL 2.00 mL 3.00 mL 5.60 mL
3 40 2.00 mL 0.80 mL 1.00 mL 2.00 mL 7.80 mL 2.40 mL
4 40 2.00 mL 1.60 mL 1.00 mL 2.00 mL 7.00 mL 2.40 mL
5 30 2.00 mL 2.40 mL 1.00 mL 2.00 mL 6.20 mL 2.40 mL
6 30 2.00 mL 1.60 mL 1.00 mL 2.00 mL 7.00 mL 2.40 mL

4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 in the ice/water bath with the Run 2 mixture. Before you add solutions,
make sure that both the flask and beaker are clean and dry each time.
5. Repeat steps 2 and 3 in the 40°C hot water bath, using Run 3 solutions.
6. Repeat steps 2 and 3 in the 40°C hot water bath, this time using Run 4 solutions.
7. Cool the hot water bath to 30°C by adjusting the hot plate thermostat downward and adding
ice or water from the cold bath.
8. Once the bath temperature reaches a constant value at (or near) 30°C, repeat steps 2 and 3
using Run 5 solutions.
9. Repeat steps 2 and 3 one last time at 30°C, using Run 6 solutions. Run 6 and Run 4 use the
same mixture composition. What do you expect for the reaction time in this trial compared
with Run 4 above?

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CHM152LL LAB MANUAL TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF A RATE CONSTANT

DATA ANALYSIS (best performed in MS-Excel)


1. For each kinetic run, use your precisely measured volumes, the labeled stock solution
concentrations, and the stoichiometry of the iodine/thiosulfate reaction to find the amount (in
mol) of molecular iodine produced in the main reaction during the measured time.
2. Use the result of step 1, the measured time, and the total solution volume to calculate the
reaction rate for each run.
3. Using the rate calculated in step 2, the measured volumes and labeled concentrations, and the
parameters of the rate law you determined in the previous week’s lab, calculate the value of
the rate constant for each of the six kinetic runs.
4. Prepare a good-quality full-page Arrhenius plot of your data. Graph the natural logarithm of
the rate constant vs. the reciprocal of the absolute temperature for each of your seven kinetic
runs (use the average of your 5 runs at room temperature and 2 each at 0°C, 30°C, and 40°C).
That is, graph your data to fit Equation (4). Note that this equation takes the slope-intercept
form of the equation of a straight line. Consult the Error Analysis section of this manual to
learn how to enhance your graph with estimated slope and intercept error limits.
5. Consider Equation (4). What are the units of the y-variable (ln k)? What are the units of the x-
⎛1⎞ −E a
variable ⎜ ⎟ ? On your graph, the slope equals , where R is the gas constant. What are
⎝T ⎠ R
the units of Ea? What units must R have so that all the units of the left side of Equation (4)
are the same as the units of the right side?
6. Find the slope of your Arrhenius plot using linear least-squares fitting. Your instructor can
suggest convenient calculator or computer methods.
7. Report your experimental values of the activation energy (Ea) and the Arrhenius frequency
(pre-exponential) factor (A) with appropriate error limits.

Check with your instructor and the lab schedule for the formal report due date.

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