Name: VC.05: 2D Flow Measurements by Integrals Literacy ven vector field Field[x, y] = {m[x, y], n[x, yJ}. You have parametrized the ellipse =! in the counterclockwise way with {x[f], y{#]} = (2Cosf4], 3Sin[f}} with O< 1 <2n. You caleulate {.mbx, y]éx + nkx,yidy = f(nbxteh Lyd xd + nLate]. yLv]) otal). and learn that Jomby, yldk+ ry Ky = 3.52 Then you calculate {.~n{x, y}dbe+ mlx, yIdy = [abst]. ld x1) + Ext) bv) tear and learn that {.—nLx. Fae tmx, ye = 9.01 a) Is the net flow of Ficld]x, y] along C clockwise or counterclockwise? Clock b) Is the net flow of Field[x, y] across C trom outside to inside, or is it from inside to outside? an te oof 2. You are walking along a closed curve C with no loops (a curve like a distorted circle) in the counterclockwise way, and at time t, you are at the point {x{t], y{t}}. The unit tangent vector unittanfey = 2h ytd) Vet? + Te? you are walking. When you use this unit tangent to measure the flow of a vector field Field{x, y|= {ndx, y),n{x, y]} along C, you calculate {..m{x, yjax + 1.x, yldy =f. F.unittands . with tail at {x{d, yf) points out away from your belly in the direction 8) How do you interpret the results ifit tums out that (mfx, yd + nlx, yay > 0 conte CL lackuise b) How do you interpret the results if it tums out that (mx, y}de-+ nlx, yJdy <0? clock ©) How do you interpret the results if it tums out that {.m{x, yJde-+ nlx, y]dy = 02 Neither‘a distorted circle) in the 3. You are walking along a closed curve C with no loops (a curve like an The unit normal vector counterelockwise way, and at met, you are atthe point txIth yi} 1 tO TO yen tait at {x{0, ylet} points out away from the vxteP erlP your right foot. When you use this unit normal to measure the Now of a vector field Field |x, y= tml, v] nlx. across C, you caleulate fo nlx, vide + mix, yldy = {- Fouterunitnormal ds oward ‘uterunitnonmal| / curve t ‘a) How do you interpret the results if it turns out that {..— nlx, yee + mx, yd > 0? din + Out be + mf yey < 02 b) How do you interpret the results if it tums out that {. Out te Tn ¢) How do you interpret the results if it tums out that {.— fx, ye + mlx, yidy = 07 Nexther 4, Measure by hand calculation the net flow across the circle x” + y* =9 of a fluid whose velocity is given by the vector field Fieldfx, y] = (x, y}.. Then answer... Is the net flow of Field[x, y] across this curve from inside to outside or outside to inside? dose F Beast), 35m) ye Bain) yl Kase) ie feast) 5cos (8) ~ BsinltV98i0 Wt Fi eoste) + tavnt We Se 55. Measure ia sure by hond calculation the net flow along he eiele x? + given by the vector field Field{x, y} = {-y. x}. Then answer curve clockwise of counterclockwise? 25 : 4 Ftleen (0, din eS “iO 4 boost) 16 of a fluid whose velocity is .. Is the net flow of Field[x, yj along this ar J rtente ented + Kos (es kos [Thies cost He [idle tee [" [sem Coumerclock Wpeypyiadiiatic Nee 6. When you go with a given vector field Fleldf.x, y tmx, y]. nlx y]}and a closed curve € (like a deformed circle), you measure the flow of this vector field across C by calculating the path integral for nlx. y]de+ mix. y]dy. To calculate {.— nlx, y}dv-+ mfx, y]dy, you go with two functions x{t] and y{t] and two numbers tlow and thigh. And then you calculate fo- nix, vide + m{x,y}dy =" nf atl vty t+ mith yD yar What 2 conditions must the wo functions, x[t} and yf}. and the two numbers, tlow and thigh, satisfy for you to be sure that your calculation is correct? Agee Saige est Para. exactly FT GC 7. Suppose C, and Cy are physically the same curve, but they are parametrized so that the starting point of C; is the ending point of C;, and the ending point of C, is the staring point of C,. Express fo mx, te + nf] in terms of fc, mix, yee + nx, yy oe8. Take a given vector field Field[x, y]= tmilx, yh nlx, y]}- Hf Cy and C, are two curves that are parametrized to start at a given point {a, b}, and end at another given point {c, d}, but are not the same physical curve, what do you look for to determine whether you are guaranteed that {mda Ide + nis dy = fo, ms yebe + x yd? am _ sa A, my OX 9. Go with a vector field Field[x, »] = (mdx,y), nfx,y]} with the extra informatis gradient field. If Cis a closed curve {cmilx, y]de + nx, yldy to be? O that Field[x, y) is a ike a deformed circle), then what do you expect the value of 10. What do you mean when you say that a given vector field Field[x, y] = {m{x,y], n[x,y]} isa ‘gradient field? Ahore. exists oO ioe sudy Het mo 3b en 3 11. Given that Fleld[x, y] = {m{x,y], nfx,y]} is the gradient field of the function flny]=e% 2", exactly what are the formulas for m{x, y] and n[x, y]? Me -xeeF ae, L Ze" 4 {a= a12, Here are four vector fields: Field \\x, ¥] Field 2[x, Field 31x Field 4[x, y= {2x—3y, -2x + Sy} Identify which vector fields above are gradient fields. 13. If Field[x, y] is a gradient field, and C is a closed curve (like a deformed circle), then what is the net flow of Ficld[x, ylalongC? 14. 7 a) Does Field [x,y] = (y Sin[x y],xSin{x y]} pass the gradient test? 2 Sials) + ylos esx ( 2S AB Sin bry xGosbeyyy b) Does Field [x,y] = {x Sin[.x y],ySin{x y]} pass the gradient test? Xs (x3) # Fees (x9) NO8. Take a given vector field Field[x, tod, yh nbxy parametrized to start at a given point {a, b}, and end at another given point {c, d}, but are not the same physical curve, what do you look for to determine whether you are guaranteed that If C, and C; are two curves that are fey vd + nx, amiss] + ayy? 2m dba a4 ax 9. Go with a vector field Field(x, y] = (mdx, y}, nlx,y]} with the extra information that Field[x, y1 is a gradient field. If is a closed curve (like a deformed circle), then what do you expect the value of fondx, yldde+ nx, yy to be? O 10. What do you mean when you say that a given vector field Field{x, y] = {m{x, y], nlx,y]} isa gradient field? e there exists a Fay sudy Wer = 3h m= 36 + 35 11, Given that Field[x, »] = (mfx, y], nfx, y]} is the gradient field of the function Sls, y)=e" 2", exactly what are the formulas for m[x, y] and n[x, y1? 2 m= “Kee 7 ae n= 2ge15. Two legitimate parametrizations of the circle C, x7 + y? =9 are: Parametrization 1: {x{0J, 9{1)} = BSinfs), 3Cos{e]} with 0<1< 2m Parametrization 2: {afr}, 4} = (3Cos{t], 3Sin{r]} with O<¢< 2m 8) Which of the two parametrizations do you use to caleulate §.~ yde-+xdv? Z canter b) Calculate by hand {.~ ydv-+xdy C “35m 8) (-32in fd) + 3e0slé)- HaG)de Vqae = 16g ©) Make two different interpretations of this answer. You must make a flow along and a flow across interpretation and clearly identify the vector field you are talking about. Flew alas Field F-9,x3 Flow actos, Feld Ex/3 16. non a) Why does Field [x,y] = {I+ y, 3+.} pass the gradient test? My doe oy al oe ! 'b) Come up with a function f [x, y] whose gradient is Field [x,y] = {1+ y, 34-8}. % xexy 1 tly) 34 rx +5)17. Here are three three curves all parametrized to start at {0, 0} and end at (3, 9} Ex Fa sera you know that before calculations that the 8 three path integrals all calculate out to the same value: $32? y4de + 4 yey fa 3P vde ay ray fo 3x? yd 4x? yay m= 3%! ae dy” Bd. 5 a dy a6 syn, 3h Grade ape 18. You are given : A vector field Field (x, y] = {m{x,y}, x,y} ~ Aclosed curve C (like a deformed circle), and ~ A counterclockwise parametrization of C, P[t] = {x{t], y{t]} with P[t} sweeping C exactly one time as t advances from tlow to thigh. ey With these ingredients, you can make the following measurements. Next to each one, identify which measure the net flow of Field[x, y] along C, and which measure the net flow of Field[x, y} across C. i) {Field omernormal ds BLES ii) (cmd, yeds + ax, dy along _ - 0 Froapxnetnsima — __aleng iv) {¢ Field dP _aloag. - ¥) fools pede + mlx, yy BOCES Vi) fe Field .mittan els long Aas vit Fridttaviaytaexiqa AGS a