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What Are The Different Motherboard Components and Their Functions

The document provides an overview of the different components found on a motherboard and their functions. It discusses 19 main components including the back panel connectors and ports, PCI and PCIe slots, CPU socket, power connectors, front panel connectors, SATA connectors, fan headers, RAM slots, and others. Pictures are provided of each component and their functions are explained in plain English.

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Erwin Benitez
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147 views

What Are The Different Motherboard Components and Their Functions

The document provides an overview of the different components found on a motherboard and their functions. It discusses 19 main components including the back panel connectors and ports, PCI and PCIe slots, CPU socket, power connectors, front panel connectors, SATA connectors, fan headers, RAM slots, and others. Pictures are provided of each component and their functions are explained in plain English.

Uploaded by

Erwin Benitez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What are the Different Motherboard Components and Their Functions?

Understanding your motherboard components and functions is simple... Join us as we explain the
different parts of a motherboard with pictures.

At the first glance, the components of a motherboard can appear complicated... even daunting to some.
How are we supposed to figure out this big jumble of connectors, ports, slots, sockets and heat sinks?

Good news: Finding your way around a motherboard isn't hard... You simply need to be able to identify
the different motherboard parts and understand their functions.

Join us as we take you on a guided tour of the different motherboard components (complete with
photos and plain English descriptions):

Motherboard Components
102Save
1. Back Panel Connectors & Ports

Connectors and ports for connecting the computer to external devices such as display ports, audio ports,
USB ports, Ethernet ports, PS/2 ports etc. See image below for a close-up view.

For details on the individual back panel ports, click here for our guide to computer cable connections.

Motherboard Back Panel Connectors


2. PCI Slots

PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect

Slot for older expansion cards such as sound cards, network cards, connector cards. See image below for
a close-up view.

Have been largely replaced by PCI-Express x1 slots (see motherboard parts #3 below).

3. PCI Express x1 Slots

Slot for modern expansion cards such as sound cards, network cards (Wi-Fi, Ethernet, Bluetooth),
connector cards (USB, FireWire, eSATA) and certain low-end graphics cards. See image below for a close-
up view.

4. PCI Express x16 Slot

Slot for discrete graphic cards and high bandwidth devices such as top-end solid state drives. See image
below for a close-up view.

5. Northbridge

Also known as Memory Controller Hub (MCH).

Chipset that allows the CPU to communicate with the RAM and graphics card.
Beginning from Intel Sandy Bridge in 2011, this motherboard component is no longer present as it has
been integrated within the CPU itself.

6. CPU Socket

Insert CPU here. To learn how to install a CPU, click here for our guide to installing a CPU.

7. ATX 12V Power Connector

Connects to the 4-pin power cable of a power supply unit which supplies power to the CPU.

Motherboard Parts
8. Front Panel USB 2.0 Connectors

Connects to USB 2.0 ports at the front or top of a computer case. See image above for a close-up view.

9. Front Panel Connectors

Connects to the power switch, reset switch, power LED, hard drive LED and front audio ports of a
computer case. See image above for a close-up view.

For more details on the individual front panel ports, click here for our guide to installing a motherboard.

10. IDE Connector

Connects to older hard drive disks and optical drives for data transfer. See image above for a close-up
view.

Have been replaced over by SATA connectors (see motherboard component #13 below).

11. CMOS Battery

Supplies power to store BIOS settings and keep the real-time clock running. See image above for a close-
up view.

The CMOS battery found on most motherboards is the CR2032 lithium coin cell.

12. Southbridge

Also known as the Input/Output Controller Hub (ICH).

Chipset that allows the CPU to communicate with PCI slots, PCI-Express x 1 slots (expansion cards), SATA
connectors (hard drives, optical drives), USB ports (USB devices), Ethernet ports and on-board audio.

13. SATA Connectors

Connects to modern hard disk drives, solid state drives and optical drives for data transfer. See image
above for a close-up view.
14. Fan Headers

Supplies power to the CPU heat sink fan and computer case fans. See image above for a close-up view.

15. RAM Slots

Insert RAM here. To learn how to install RAM, click here for our guide to installing RAM.

16. ATX Power Connector

Connects to the 24-pin ATX power cable of a power supply unit which supplies power to the
motherboard.

Parts of Motherboard
17. mSATA Connector

Connects to a mSATA solid state drive. In most cases, this SSD is used as cache to speed up hard disk
drives, but it's possible to re-purpose it as a regular hard drive.

18. Front Panel USB 3.0 Connector

Connects to USB 3.0 ports at the front or top of the computer case.

19. Power & Reset Button

Onboard button to turn on, turn off and reboot the computer.

This motherboard component is more common among high end boards.

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