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Formula Sheet:

F
Permittivity of free space:  0  8.854 1012
m
H
Permeability of free space: 0  4 107
m
12 F
Permittivity of free space: 0  8.854 10
Guide Wavelength: g  m
r  r H
Permeability of free space: 0  4 107
2 m
Phase Constant:  
 
Guide Wavelength: g g
r  r c
Propagation Velocity: u p  
2  r  r
Phase Constant:  
g u
p
Operating Frequency: f =
Propagation Velocity: u p  g  c
y( z, t ) ion
Propagat Z
cos(wt=Z
Ae Constant:   r '  is
+j0 ) ; r(where
R  j0L' )(defined
G '  jC as' )the j  (lossless
 reference phase and  is the attenuation
case)
constant. u p
Operating Frequency: f = R '  j L'
Characteristic Impedance:Zg 0 
G '  jC '
Propagation Constant:  = +j  ( R '  j L' )(G '  jC ' )  j  (lossless case)
Characteristic Impedance of a quarter wavelength (l= g / 4) transformer: Z s  Z 0 RL
R '  jvoltage:
L' v( z , t )  V0 e  z cos(t   z )  V0 e  z cos(t   z )
The instantaneous
Characteristic form of Zthe
Impedance: traveling
G  jC
0 ' '
V0 Z Z
Reflection Coefficient
Characteristic Impedance at the of aload:  L wavelength
quarter 
 L ( =0  / 4) transformer: Z  Z Z
V0 Z L  Z0 g s 0 L

The instantaneous form of the traveling voltage: v( z , t ) VV  e z cos(t   z )  V e  z cos(t   z )
   z 
0 0e
TL:  L    z   L e 2 z
0
Reflection Coefficient at any point along the 
V Z  Z 0 V0 e
Reflection ~ Coefficient at the load:  L  0  L
 V Vg Z in 1 |  | 1  V0 Z L  Z0
V0    max   jLl
VSWR  jl 

 ZV 
 Z in 1 |e L | e  V  e z
 g min
Reflection Coefficient at any point along the TL:  L  0  z   L e 2 z
jda load Z : Z  Z0
V eZ L 1Z 0 tanh( l ) Z  jZ 0 tan(  l )
VInput V

Impedance
(1   )  of aTL
V V ( e jd
terminated
 e by
) lossless) Z  Z  Z0 L (lossless case)
Z 00 1 Z L tanh( l ) Z 0  jZ L tan(  l )
L in 0
L 0
Vmax 1 |in L | 0 L
VSWR  
Vmin 1of| aLTL
Input Impedance | terminated by a short circuit: Z in , sc  jZ 0 tan  l
Instantaneous Power Flow on a transmission line:
Input Impedance of a TL terminated by an open circuit: Z Z  Z 0jZtanh(
 2 of a TL terminated by a load Z : Z  Z in ,ocL 0 cotl l) Z  jZ 0 tan(  l )
Input Impedance  Z0 L (lossless case)
 
V L in 0
Z  Z tanh(  l ) Z  jZ tan(  l )
1  cos(2wt  2d  2 ) 
0
P (d , t ) 
i
Z 0 L 0 L

Input Impedance 2ZZ0 0 of aZTL in , sc Z

terminated
in ,oc by a short tancircuit:
l=  Zin , sc  jZ tan  l
in ,oc Z in , sc 0
2
of a TL terminated by an open circuit: Z in ,oc   jZ 0 cot  l
 
Input Impedance 2 V0
P r (d , t )    1  cos(2wt  2d  2   2 r
2Z 0 Z
Z 0  Z in , sc Z in ,oc tan l=  in , sc
 Z in ,oc



 p
Operating Frequency: f =
g
Propagation Constant:  = +j  ( R '  j L' )(G '  jC ' )  j  (lossless case)
R '  j L'
Characteristic Impedance: Z 0 
Average Power: G '  jC '
2 2
V0
Characteristic 
Impedance of a quarter
2 V0
wavelength (l= g / 4) transformer: Z s  Z 0 RL
Pav  (W ) , Pav       Pavi (W )   z
i r 2

The instantaneous
2Z 0 2Z 0 voltage: v( z , t )  V0 e cos(t   z )  V0 e  z cos(t   z )
form of the traveling
V  Z Z
Reflection
ReflectionCoefficient
Coefficientat at
thethe
load:  L  0V0 L Z L 0 Z 0
load:
V0V  Z L Z Z0 Z
0 L 0
V0 e 
Reflection Coefficient at any point along the TL:       e 2
V0 e
Vmax 1 |  |
VSWR  
Vmin 1 |  |
Z L  Z 0 tanh( l ) Z  jZ 0 tan(  l )
Input Impedance of a TL terminated by a load Z L: Z in  Z 0  Z0 L (lossless case)
Z 0  Z L tanh( l ) Z 0  jZ L tan(  l )
Input Impedance of a TL terminated by a short circuit: Z in , sc  jZ 0 tan  l
Input Impedance of a TL terminated by an open circuit: Z in ,oc   jZ 0 cot  l
Z in , sc
Z 0  Z in , sc Z in ,oc tan l= 
Z in ,oc

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Microstrip Lines:

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2
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3
Note that: LC=μԑ and G/C=σ/ԑ for all TEM Lines