PEGN 424 – Petroleum Reservoir Engineering II – Spring 2019

HOMEWORK #1
Numerical Solution of Frontal Advance Equation

Assignment: Thursday, January 15, 2019

Due date: Thursday, January 24, 2019

Problem #1: As a continuation of Homework #8 from PEGN423 Reservoir Eng. I

(Fall 2018). Compare the analytical solution of the frontal advance equation based
on the Buckley-Leverett theory with the numerical solutions as follows:

1.1.- Calculate the water saturation profile using the explicit upstream-weighted
formulation for a time of 2 hours. Use a time step of 0.2 hours, and 10 grid blocks of
x = 0.4 ft. (40 points)
All the variables in the equation are calculated using Excel Visual Basic. Once
all the variable in calculated, the water is saturation is found by using the
stepped functions.

For Relative Water Permeability, krw (unitless) Using the time at 0.2 hr and 0.4
ft
𝑛𝑤
∗
𝑆𝑤 − 𝑆𝑤𝑟
𝑘𝑟𝑤 = 𝑘𝑟𝑤 ( )
1 − 𝑆𝑜𝑟𝑤 – 𝑆𝑤𝑟

0.563 − 0.28 2.25

𝑘𝑟𝑤 = 0.31 ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝟎 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔
1 − 0.35 – 0.28

For Relative Oil Permeability, kro(unitless) Using the time at 0.2 hr and 0.4 ft

∗
1 − 𝑆𝑤 − 𝑆𝑜𝑤𝑟 𝑛𝑜
𝑘𝑟𝑜 = (
𝑘𝑟𝑜 )
1 − 𝑆𝑜𝑟𝑤 – 𝑆𝑤𝑟
1 − 0.56 − 0.35 2.45
𝑘𝑟𝑜 = 0.65 ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟗 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔
1 − 0.35– 0.28
For Fractional Water Flow, fw (unitless) at water saturation of 0.56 unitless

1
𝑓𝑤 =
𝜇 𝑘
(1 + 𝑤 𝑟𝑜 )
𝑘𝑟𝑤 𝜇𝑜
 1
𝑓𝑤 = = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟕𝟖 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔
0.85𝑐𝑃 × 0.019
(1 + 4.2 𝑐𝑃 × 0.170 )
For the First Step of Explicit Upstream-Weighted Formulation starting at 0.4
ft and 0.2 hr
𝑛
(𝑓𝑤,1 − 𝑓 𝑛 1)
𝑛+1 𝑛
𝑞𝑡 Δ𝑡 𝑤,
2
𝑆𝑤,1 = 𝑆𝑤,1 −
𝜙𝐴 Δ𝑥1
2
[ ]

𝑓𝑡 3
0.01 × 0.2 ℎ𝑟 (1.81 𝐸 − 9 − 1)
𝑛+1
𝑆𝑤,1 = 0.28 − ℎ𝑟 [ ] = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟔𝟑 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔
0.18 × 0.1963 𝑓𝑡 3 0.4
2 𝑓𝑡
For the Next I at 0.8 ft and 0.4 hr
𝑛 𝑛
𝑛+1 𝑛 𝑞𝑡 Δ𝑡 (𝑓𝑤,𝑖 − 𝑓𝑤,𝑖−1 )
𝑆𝑤,𝑖 = 𝑆𝑤,𝑖 − [ ]
𝜙𝐴 Δ𝑥𝑖
𝑓𝑡 3
0.01 × 0.2 ℎ𝑟 (1.81 𝐸 − 9 − 0.978)
𝑛+1
𝑆𝑤,𝑖 = 0.28 − ℎ𝑟 [ ] = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟏𝟖 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔
0.18 × 0.1963 𝑓𝑡 3 0.4 ft

1.2.- Calculate the water saturation profile using the fully implicit upstream-
weighted formulation for a time of 2 hours. Use a time step of 0.2 day, and 10 grid
blocks of x = 0.4 ft. (40 points)
The three intermediate steps were repeated and then each of its derivative is
calculated. Then water saturation is calculated.

Derivative Relative Permeability of Water Respect to Water Saturation,

dkrw/dSw at Sw = 0.563 unitless

∗ 𝑛𝑤 −1
𝑑𝑘𝑟𝑤 𝑘𝑟𝑤 𝑛𝑤 𝑆𝑤 − 𝑆𝑤𝑟
= ( )
𝑑𝑆𝑤 1 − 𝑆𝑜𝑟 𝑤 − 𝑆𝑤𝑟 1 − 𝑆𝑜𝑟𝑤 − 𝑆𝑤𝑟
1.25
𝑑𝑘𝑟𝑤 0.31 × 2.25 0.563 − 0.28
= ( ) = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟒𝟖 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒍𝒆𝒔𝑠
𝑑𝑆𝑤 1 − 0.35 − 0.28 1 − 0.35 − 0.28

Derivative Relative Permeability of Oil Respect to Water Saturation, dkpw/dSw

at Sw = 0.563 unitless

𝑑𝑘𝑜𝑤 ∗
𝑘𝑟𝑜𝑤 𝑛𝑜 1 − 𝑆𝑤 − 𝑆𝑜𝑟𝑤 𝑛𝑜−1
=− ( )
𝑑𝑆𝑤 1 − 𝑆𝑜𝑟𝑤 − 𝑆𝑤𝑟 1 − 𝑆𝑜𝑟𝑤 − 𝑆𝑤𝑟
𝑑𝑘𝑜𝑤 0.65 × 2.45 1 − 𝑆𝑤 − 𝑆𝑜𝑟𝑤 1.45
=− ( ) = −𝟎. 𝟓𝟐𝟕 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔
𝑑𝑆𝑤 1 − 0.35 − 0.28 1 − 0.35 − 0.28
Derivative Fractional Water Flow to Water Saturation, dFw/dSw at Sw = 0.563
unitless,

𝑑𝑘𝑟𝑤 𝑑𝑘𝑟𝑜
𝑑𝑓𝑤 𝜇𝑜 𝜇𝑤 𝑘𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑆𝑤 − 𝜇𝑜 𝜇𝑤 𝑘𝑟𝑤 𝑑𝑆𝑤
=
𝑑𝑆𝑤 (𝜇𝑜 𝑘𝑟𝑤 + 𝜇𝑤 𝑘𝑟𝑜 )2
𝑑𝑓𝑤 4.2𝑐𝑃 × 0.85𝑐𝑃 × 0.187 × 1.348 − 4.2𝑐𝑃 × 0.85𝑐𝑃 × 0.170 × (−0.527)
=
𝑑𝑆𝑤 (4.2𝑐𝑃 × 0.17 + 0.85 𝑐𝑃 × 0.018 )2
𝑑𝑓𝑤
= 𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟑 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔
𝑑𝑆𝑤
For the First Node of the Implicit Method starting at 0.4 ft and 0.2 hr
𝛿𝑓 𝑛 𝜙𝐴 Δ𝑥
{[( 𝑤 ) + 𝑞 Δ𝑡 2 1 ] 𝑆𝑤,1𝑛 𝑛
− 𝑓𝑤,1 + 1.0}
𝑛+1
𝛿𝑆 𝑤 1 𝑡
𝑆𝑤,1 =
𝛿𝑓 𝑛 𝜙𝐴 Δ𝑥
[( 𝑤 ) + 𝑞 Δ𝑡 2 1 ]
𝛿𝑆𝑤 1 𝑡

0.18 × 0.1963 𝑓𝑡 3 0.4𝑓𝑡

{[0 +
𝑓𝑡 3 2 ] 0.28 − 0 + 1.0}
0.01 × 0.2 ℎ𝑟
𝑛+1
𝑆𝑤,1 = ℎ𝑟
0.18 × 0.1963 𝑓𝑡 3 0.4𝑓𝑡
[0 +
𝑓𝑡 3 2 ]
0.01 × 0.2 ℎ𝑟
ℎ𝑟
𝑛+1
𝑆𝑤,1 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟔𝟑 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔

For the Next I at 0.8 ft and 0.2 hr

𝑛+1
𝑆𝑤,𝑖
𝛿𝑓𝑤 𝑛 𝜙𝐴Δ𝑥1 𝑛 𝛿𝑓𝑤 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝛿𝑓𝑤 𝑛 𝑛+1
{[( ) + ( ) ( )
𝛿𝑆𝑤 𝑖 𝑞𝑡 Δ𝑡 ] 𝑆𝑤,𝑖 − 𝛿𝑆𝑤 𝑖−1 × 𝑆𝑤,𝑖−1 − 𝑓𝑤,𝑖 + 𝑓𝑤,𝑖−1 + 𝛿𝑆𝑤 𝑖−1 × 𝑆𝑤,𝑖−1 }
=
𝛿𝑓𝑤 𝑛 𝜙𝐴Δ𝑥1
[( ) +
𝛿𝑆𝑤 𝑖 𝑞𝑡 Δ𝑡 ]

0.18 × 0.1963 𝑓𝑡 3 × 0.4 𝑓𝑡

{[ ] × 0.28}
𝑓𝑡 3
0.01 × 0.2 ℎ𝑟
𝑛+1
𝑆𝑤,𝑖 = ℎ𝑟 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔
0.18 × 0.1963 𝑓𝑡 3 × 0.4 𝑓𝑡
[ ]
𝑓𝑡 3
0.01 × 0.2 ℎ𝑟
ℎ𝑟

1.3.- Plot the water saturation (vertical axis) versus length of reservoir (horizontal
axis), for the water saturation profile calculated using the Buckley-Leverett analytical
solution, and the explicit and implicit numerical solutions in the same plot window
and compare your results. (20 points)
Refer Figure 1 And Table 3.1
The Analytical method by far the worse as it complete stop at the Frontal value
dropping straight to the irreducible water saturation at the shortest reservoir
length. Then second come the explicit with a steeper decline but suffer creating
a shorter reservoir length to reach irreducible water saturation. It also suffers
overshot of the saturation dipping below the irreducible water saturation.
Finally, the implicit has a lower steep curve and reached the irreducible water
saturation at a longest reservoir length and does not overshoot much from the
water saturation.

A core flooding experiment is being planned for an oil reservoir which rock-fluid
interactions are described by the following expressions of relative permeability as
function of water saturation,

n
æ S -S öw
krw = k ç w wr ÷
*
rw
è 1- Sorw - Swr ø

n
æ 1- Sw - Sorw ö o
kro = k
*
row ç ÷
è 1- Sorw - Swr ø
The core sample has a diameter of 3 inches and length of 4 ft.

Table 1.1 presents the rock and fluid properties for the core flooding experiments.
 Table 1.1.- Reservoir and fluid properties for problem #1
Cross sectional area of core (ft2) 0.1963
Total length of core (ft) 4
Porosity,  0.18
Total injection rate (ft3/hr) 0.01
Oil viscosity, o (cp) 4.20
Water viscosity, w (cp) 0.85
Initial oil formation volume factor, Boi (RB/STB) 1.21
Residual water saturation, Swr 0.28
Residual oil saturation to water displacement, Sorw 0.35
Maximum water relative permeability, krw* 0.31
Maximum oil relative permeability, kro* 0.65
Exponent of water rel. perm. curve, nw 2.25
Exponent of oil rel. perm. curve, no 2.45
 Table 1.2 Explicit Upstream Weighted Calculaction for Relative Permeability of Oil
Length, x (ft)
kro 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0
0.0 0.000 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650
0.2 0.000 0.019 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650
0.4 0.000 0.016 0.206 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650
Time,t (hr)

0.6 0.000 0.013 0.078 0.410 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650
0.8 0.000 0.012 0.057 0.136 0.611 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650
1.0 0.000 0.010 0.046 0.087 0.288 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650
1.2 0.000 0.009 0.039 0.069 0.114 0.515 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650
1.4 0.000 0.008 0.033 0.059 0.088 0.209 0.642 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650
1.6 0.000 0.008 0.030 0.051 0.074 0.109 0.407 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650
1.8 0.000 0.007 0.027 0.046 0.065 0.089 0.158 0.609 0.650 0.650 0.650
2.0 0.000 0.006 0.024 0.041 0.058 0.077 0.106 0.314 0.650 0.650 0.650
Table 1.3 Explicit Upstream Weighted Calculaction for Relative Permeability of Water
Length, x (ft)
krw 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0
0.0 0.310 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.2 0.310 0.170 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.4 0.310 0.178 0.034 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Time,t (hr)

0.6 0.310 0.185 0.090 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.8 0.310 0.191 0.110 0.057 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.0 0.310 0.196 0.122 0.084 0.018 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.2 0.310 0.200 0.132 0.098 0.068 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.4 0.310 0.204 0.140 0.108 0.083 0.033 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.6 0.310 0.208 0.146 0.116 0.094 0.070 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.8 0.310 0.211 0.152 0.123 0.102 0.083 0.049 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2.0 0.310 0.214 0.157 0.128 0.108 0.091 0.072 0.015 0.000 0.000 0.000
Table 1.4 Explicit Upstream Weighted Calculaction for Fractional Water Flow
Length, x (ft)
fw 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0
0.0 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.2 1.000 0.978 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.4 1.000 0.983 0.448 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Time,t (hr)

0.6 1.000 0.986 0.851 0.066 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.8 1.000 0.988 0.905 0.675 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.0 1.000 0.989 0.930 0.826 0.237 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.2 1.000 0.991 0.944 0.875 0.745 0.013 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.4 1.000 0.992 0.954 0.901 0.824 0.441 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.6 1.000 0.993 0.961 0.918 0.862 0.761 0.068 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.8 1.000 0.993 0.966 0.930 0.885 0.821 0.603 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000
2.0 1.000 0.994 0.970 0.939 0.902 0.853 0.769 0.186 0.000 0.000 0.000
Table 1.5 Explicit Upstream Weighted Calculaction for Water Saturation
Length, x (ft)
sw 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0
0.0 0.650 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280
0.2 0.650 0.563 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280
0.4 0.650 0.569 0.418 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280
Time,t (hr)

0.6 0.650 0.574 0.494 0.343 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280
0.8 0.650 0.578 0.513 0.455 0.289 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280
1.0 0.650 0.582 0.525 0.487 0.385 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280
1.2 0.650 0.585 0.533 0.502 0.468 0.314 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280
1.4 0.650 0.587 0.540 0.512 0.486 0.417 0.282 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280
1.6 0.650 0.590 0.545 0.519 0.497 0.471 0.344 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280
1.8 0.650 0.592 0.550 0.525 0.505 0.486 0.442 0.290 0.280 0.280 0.280
2.0 0.650 0.594 0.554 0.530 0.512 0.495 0.473 0.375 0.280 0.280 0.280
 Table 2.1 Implicit Upstream Weighted Calculation for Relative Permeability of Oil
Length, x (ft)
kro 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0
0.0 0.000 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650
0.2 0.000 0.019 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650
0.4 0.000 0.016 0.205 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650
Time,t (hr)

0.6 0.000 0.014 0.131 0.299 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650
0.8 0.000 0.013 0.095 0.183 0.398 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650
1.0 0.000 0.011 0.074 0.135 0.229 0.505 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650
1.2 0.000 0.010 0.060 0.107 0.167 0.289 0.596 0.650 0.650 0.650 0.650
1.4 0.000 0.009 0.050 0.088 0.133 0.201 0.381 0.640 0.650 0.650 0.650
1.6 0.000 0.008 0.043 0.075 0.110 0.157 0.244 0.497 0.649 0.650 0.650
1.8 0.000 0.008 0.038 0.065 0.094 0.130 0.184 0.306 0.596 0.650 0.650
2.0 0.000 0.007 0.033 0.058 0.083 0.111 0.150 0.217 0.405 0.641 0.650
Table 2.2 Implicit Upstream Weighted Calculation for Relative Permeability of Water
Length, x (ft)
krw 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0
0.0 0.310 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.2 0.310 0.170 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.4 0.310 0.177 0.034 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Time,t (hr)

0.6 0.310 0.183 0.060 0.017 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.8 0.310 0.188 0.079 0.040 0.007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.0 0.310 0.193 0.094 0.058 0.029 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.2 0.310 0.197 0.107 0.072 0.045 0.018 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.4 0.310 0.201 0.117 0.083 0.059 0.035 0.008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.6 0.310 0.204 0.126 0.093 0.070 0.049 0.026 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.8 0.310 0.207 0.133 0.101 0.079 0.060 0.040 0.016 0.000 0.000 0.000
2.0 0.310 0.210 0.140 0.109 0.087 0.069 0.051 0.031 0.006 0.000 0.000
Table 2.3 Implicit Upstream Weighted Calculation for Fractional Water
Length, x (ft)
fw 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0
0.0 1.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.2 1.000 0.978 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.4 1.000 0.982 0.452 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Time,t (hr)

0.6 1.000 0.985 0.693 0.214 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.8 1.000 0.987 0.804 0.521 0.076 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.0 1.000 0.988 0.864 0.679 0.382 0.016 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.2 1.000 0.990 0.898 0.768 0.573 0.235 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.4 1.000 0.991 0.920 0.823 0.686 0.464 0.093 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.6 1.000 0.992 0.935 0.860 0.758 0.605 0.342 0.019 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.8 1.000 0.993 0.946 0.885 0.805 0.694 0.517 0.202 0.001 0.000 0.000
2.0 1.000 0.993 0.954 0.903 0.839 0.754 0.628 0.415 0.071 0.000 0.000
Table 2.4 Implicit Upstream Weighted Calculation for Deravative Relative Permeability of Water Respect to Water Saturation
Length, x (ft)
dkrw/dsw 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0
0.0 1.885 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.2 1.885 1.348 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.4 1.885 1.379 0.554 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Time,t (hr)

0.6 1.885 1.405 0.754 0.370 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.8 1.885 1.427 0.881 0.607 0.223 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.0 1.885 1.447 0.973 0.741 0.502 0.103 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.2 1.885 1.464 1.042 0.835 0.648 0.387 0.028 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.4 1.885 1.480 1.098 0.908 0.748 0.563 0.245 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.6 1.885 1.494 1.142 0.966 0.823 0.674 0.471 0.111 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.8 1.885 1.507 1.180 1.013 0.883 0.756 0.603 0.358 0.028 0.000 0.000
2.0 1.885 1.519 1.212 1.053 0.932 0.819 0.695 0.526 0.215 0.003 0.000
 Table 2.5 Implicit Upstream Weighted Calculation for Deravative Relative Permeability of Oil Respect to Water Saturation
Length, x (ft)
dkow/dSw 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0
0.0 0.000 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304
0.2 0.000 -0.527 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304
0.4 0.000 -0.483 -2.174 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304
Time,t (hr)

0.6 0.000 -0.447 -1.665 -2.719 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304
0.8 0.000 -0.416 -1.377 -2.032 -3.221 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304
1.0 0.000 -0.389 -1.185 -1.698 -2.320 -3.707 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304
1.2 0.000 -0.367 -1.048 -1.478 -1.927 -2.662 -4.090 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304
1.4 0.000 -0.346 -0.944 -1.320 -1.681 -2.151 -3.139 -4.267 -4.304 -4.304 -4.304
1.6 0.000 -0.328 -0.863 -1.200 -1.506 -1.860 -2.408 -3.671 -4.302 -4.304 -4.304
1.8 0.000 -0.313 -0.797 -1.104 -1.374 -1.662 -2.042 -2.754 -4.088 -4.304 -4.304
2.0 0.000 -0.298 -0.743 -1.027 -1.270 -1.516 -1.809 -2.251 -3.251 -4.270 -4.304
Table 2.6 Implicit Upstream Weighted Calculaction for Deravative Fractional Water Flow Respect to Water Saturation
Length, x (ft)
dfw/dsw 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0
0.0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.2 0.000 0.772 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.4 0.000 0.674 6.637 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Time,t (hr)

0.6 0.000 0.597 5.405 5.300 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.8 0.000 0.536 4.043 6.528 2.930 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.0 0.000 0.486 3.114 5.544 6.533 1.094 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.2 0.000 0.445 2.496 4.541 6.319 5.538 0.242 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.4 0.000 0.410 2.070 3.763 5.474 6.634 3.306 0.024 0.000 0.000 0.000
1.6 0.000 0.381 1.763 3.182 4.677 6.133 6.367 1.201 0.001 0.000 0.000
1.8 0.000 0.355 1.535 2.744 4.030 5.393 6.543 5.143 0.244 0.000 0.000
2.0 0.000 0.332 1.359 2.406 3.519 4.722 5.969 6.609 2.794 0.021 0.000
Table 2.7 Implicit Upstream Weighted Calculation for Water Saturation
Length, x (ft)
sw 0.2 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4.0
0.0 0.650 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280
0.2 0.650 0.563 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280
0.4 0.650 0.568 0.419 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280
Time,t (hr)

0.6 0.650 0.572 0.458 0.380 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280
0.8 0.650 0.576 0.481 0.429 0.347 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280
1.0 0.650 0.579 0.498 0.455 0.408 0.316 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280
1.2 0.650 0.582 0.510 0.473 0.437 0.384 0.293 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280
1.4 0.650 0.585 0.520 0.486 0.457 0.421 0.352 0.282 0.280 0.280 0.280
1.6 0.650 0.587 0.528 0.497 0.471 0.443 0.402 0.318 0.280 0.280 0.280
1.8 0.650 0.589 0.534 0.505 0.482 0.458 0.429 0.378 0.293 0.280 0.280
2.0 0.650 0.591 0.540 0.512 0.491 0.470 0.446 0.413 0.345 0.282 0.280
 Table 3.1 Difference Solutions For the Buckley Leverett

Analytical Solution Explicit Implicit

Reservoir
Reservoir Length,
Length, Water Saturation, S w (unitless)
Water xSw (ft)
xSw (ft)
Saturation, S w
(unitless)
At 1 hr At 2 hr At 1 hr At 2 hr At 1 hr At 2 hr

0.28 4.000 4.000 0.2 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.65

0.28 2.261 1.130 0.4 0.58 0.59 0.58 0.59
0.29 2.261 1.130 0.8 0.52 0.55 0.50 0.54
0.30 2.261 1.130 1.2 0.49 0.53 0.46 0.51
0.31 2.261 1.130 1.6 0.38 0.51 0.41 0.49
0.32 2.261 1.130 2.0 0.28 0.49 0.32 0.47
0.33 2.261 1.130 2.4 0.28 0.47 0.28 0.45
0.34 2.261 1.130 2.8 0.28 0.37 0.28 0.41
0.35 2.261 1.130 3.2 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.35
0.36 2.261 1.130 3.6 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28
0.37 2.261 1.130 4.0 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28
0.38 2.261 1.130
0.39 2.261 1.130
0.40 2.261 1.130
0.41 2.261 1.130
0.42 2.261 1.130
0.43 2.261 1.130
0.44 2.261 1.130
0.45 2.261 1.130
0.46 2.261 1.130
0.47 2.261 1.130
0.48 2.261 1.130
0.49 1.702 0.851
0.50 1.422 0.711
0.51 1.172 0.586
0.52 0.954 0.477
0.53 0.766 0.383
0.54 0.606 0.303
0.55 0.473 0.236
0.56 0.362 0.181
0.57 0.271 0.135
0.58 0.197 0.098
0.59 0.137 0.069
0.60 0.090 0.045
0.61 0.054 0.027
0.62 0.028 0.014
0.63 0.009 0.005