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University of Kirkuk College of Pharmacy: Partition Coefficient

This document describes an experiment to determine the partition coefficient of iodine between water and chloroform. Students titrated samples from the aqueous and organic layers with sodium thiosulfate to determine the iodine concentrations in each. The partition coefficient, defined as the concentration ratio between phases at equilibrium, provides information about a substance's hydrophilicity or lipophilicity. This value is useful for understanding a drug's pharmacokinetics, formulations, extractions, and preservations.

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Mostafa Hamawandy
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528 views4 pages

University of Kirkuk College of Pharmacy: Partition Coefficient

This document describes an experiment to determine the partition coefficient of iodine between water and chloroform. Students titrated samples from the aqueous and organic layers with sodium thiosulfate to determine the iodine concentrations in each. The partition coefficient, defined as the concentration ratio between phases at equilibrium, provides information about a substance's hydrophilicity or lipophilicity. This value is useful for understanding a drug's pharmacokinetics, formulations, extractions, and preservations.

Uploaded by

Mostafa Hamawandy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University Of Kirkuk

College Of Pharmacy

(Partition Coefficient)

Prepared By:
 Diyar Mohammed
 Abdulrahman Abdulla
 Mohammed Adil
 Mohammed Isam
 Yaser Sleman
Supervisor: Dr.Hind Faisal
Introduction:

distribution of solute between immiscible solvent if an excess of liquid or solids is


added to mixture of two immiscible liquids , it will distribute between the phases
so that each becomes saturated if the substance is added to the immiscible solvents
in an amount of insufficient to saturate the solutions, it will still become distributed
between the two layers in definite concentration ration if the (C1) and (C2) are the
equilibrium concentrations of the substance in Solvent(1) and Solvent(2), the
equilibrium expression becomes:

K=C1/C2

The equilibrium constant K is known as the distribution ratio, distribution


coefficient, partition coefficient, which is defined as the solubility or concentration
ration at constant temperature.

Experimental Work:

Determination the partition coefficient of iodine between water and chloroform.

Materials and Equipment:

 Iodine, potassium iodide, chloroform, water, sodium thiosulphate.


 Solutions:
1. %10 w/v KI.
2. 0.02 N Sodium thiosulphate, 0.1 N Sodium thiosulphate.
3. %1 I2/CHCl3.
 Conical flask(iodine flask), pipette, burrete.

Procedure:

1. In dry stopped conical flask(iodine flask) put 20mL of %1 iodine in


chloroform (use burette).
2. Add 50mL distilled water to it.
3. The flask is thoroughly shaken from time to time for half-hour separation
this need another half an hour.
4. 10mL of the sample are taken from the upper aqueous layer, care is taken to
avoid touching the chloroformic layer then titrate against (0.02 N) sodium
thiosulphate the end point is the disappearance of light brownish color.
5. 5mL are taken from the organic layer (lower layer) the inside wall of the
pipette must be kept dry as it passes through the aqueous phase by placing
the finger tightly over the upper end of the pipette then titrate against (0.1 N)
sodium thiosulphate before titration add 5mL of %10 potassium iodine to
facilitate extraction of I2 from the organic layer and its titration with
aqueous sodium thiosulphate the end point is the disappearance of the
brownish color.

Calculation:
Iodine distributed between the aqueous phase the chloroformic phase.

Aqueous phase: the number of mLs of sodium thiosulphate (0.02 N) consumed in


the titration is equivalent to the amount of iodine present.

(Na2S2O3) V1 × C1 = V2 × C2 (Iodine)

End point × 0.02 N = 10 × N1

N1= concentration of iodine in water.

Organic phase: the number of mLs of sodium thiosulphate (0.1 N) consumed in


the titration is equivalent to amount iodine present.

(Na2S2O3) V1 × C1 = V2 × C2 (Iodine)

End point 2 × 0.1 N = 5 × N2

N2= concentration of iodine in chloroform organic layer.


Comparison:

Aqueous Layer Organic Layer


1. The volume of the system lower than 1. The volume of the system is more
the volume of the lower layer because than the volume of the upper layer
we add a little volume of (Na2S2O3) because we add large volume of
solution than the lower layer because the (Na2S2O3) solution than the upper layer
amount of (I2) is less than the lower because the amount of (I2) is more than
layer. the lower layer.
2. At end point: exists one phase. 2. At end point: exists two phases ( oily
drops appearance).
3. At end point: number of components 3. At end point: number of components
are three. are five.

Partition Coefficient Advantages:

 Knowing the behavior of the substance if its hydrophilic or lipophilic.


 Knowing the pharmacokinetics of drug, if it dissolve in blood when its
hydrophilic, or dissolve in lipid in the tissue when its lipophilic.
 We can use it in formulation of drug, if I need it to use on the skin: the drug
must be lipophilic, and if I need it to use in the subcutaneous: the drug must
be hydrophilic.
 We can use it in extraction, like get the active compound in some plant, we
should know if its hydrophilic or lipophilic to extraction.
 We can use it in preservation, we should know if the preservative
hydrophilic or lipophilic.

References:
1. Martins Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 7 th edition in 2010.
2. Mansoor M.Amiji , Beverly J.Sandmann Applied Physical Pharmacy 1 st edition in
2002.
3. Gaurav Kumar Jain, Farhan Jaless Ahmad, Roop Krishen Khar, Theory and
Practice of Physical Pharmacy in 2012.

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