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Formula Sheet Ctb3365Dwx - Drinking Water: Element Atomic Mass Element Atomic Mass

This document provides information on drinking water chemistry including: 1) Tables listing atomic masses of common elements in water and viscosity values at different temperatures. 2) Equilibrium reactions for calcium carbonate in water including equilibrium constants. 3) Formulas for gas exchange and solubility according to Henry's law, with tables of solubility coefficients for different gases. 4) Relevant formulas for aeration, degassing, filtration, and sedimentation processes in water treatment.

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Giancarlo Raúl Manrique Villarreal
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© © All Rights Reserved
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86 views

Formula Sheet Ctb3365Dwx - Drinking Water: Element Atomic Mass Element Atomic Mass

This document provides information on drinking water chemistry including: 1) Tables listing atomic masses of common elements in water and viscosity values at different temperatures. 2) Equilibrium reactions for calcium carbonate in water including equilibrium constants. 3) Formulas for gas exchange and solubility according to Henry's law, with tables of solubility coefficients for different gases. 4) Relevant formulas for aeration, degassing, filtration, and sedimentation processes in water treatment.

Uploaded by

Giancarlo Raúl Manrique Villarreal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Formula sheet CTB3365DWx - Drinking water

Table 1 – Atomic mass of the most important elements in water chemistry.


Element Atomic mass Element Atomic mass
H 1 S 32
C 12 Cl 35,5
N 14 K 39
O 16 Ca 40
F 19 Mn 55
Na 23 Fe 56
Mg 24 As 75
Al 27 Pb 207
P 31

Table 2 - Dynamic and kinematic viscosity as a function of temperature.


Temperature [°C] Dynamic viscosity Kinematic viscosity
[10-3 Pa·s] [10-6 m2/s]
0 1.79 1.79
5 1.52 1.52
10 1.31 1.31
15 1.15 1.15
20 1.01 1.01
25 0.90 0.90
30 0.80 0.80

Equilibrium reactions calcium carbonate (at 10oC):


CO2 + 2H2O <--> H3O+ + HCO3- K1 = 3.44·10-7 pK1 = 6.46
- + 2-
HCO3 + H2O <--> H3O + CO3 K2 = 3.25·10-11 pK2 = 10.49
2+ 2-
CaCO3 <--> Ca + CO3 Ks = 4.37.10-9 pKs = 8.36
2+ -
CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O <--> Ca + 2HCO3 Ka = 4.68·10-5 pKa = 4.33
( K values at T = 10°C )
pHs = pK2 - pKs – log([HCO3-][Ca2+])

Figure 1. Tillmans-curves (on the left the relation CO2-HCO3-, on the right the relation Ca-pH)

Gases in water:
Gas exchange: dc cs − c
= k 2 ⋅ ( cs − c ) , = e − k 2 ⋅t
dt cs − c 0
General gas law: cg= pa/(RT) R=8,3143 J mol-1 K-1

Henry’s law: cs= kd.cg (mol/m3)


Table 3 - kD-values for different gases as a function of temperature.
kD 0°C 10°C 20°C
Nitrogen 0.023 0.019 0.016
Oxygen 0.049 0.041 0.033
Methane 0.055 0.043 0.034
Carbon dioxide 1.710 1.230 0.942
Hydrogen sulphide 4.690 3.650 2.870
Tetrachloroethene - 3.380 1.880
Trichloroethene - 4.100 2.390
Chloroform - 9.620 5.070

Table 4 – Composition of air in volume% at 10 °C and under atmospheric pressure (101325 Pa).
Gas Composition [volume percentage]
Nitrogen 78.084
Oxygen 20.948
Argon 0.934
Carbon dioxide 0.034
Methane 0.0001

Relevant formulas aeration / degassing: Relevant formulas filtration:

ce − co
K= = 1 − (1 − k) n
cs − co

1 ν = 10-6 m2/s (t = 10 oC)


h = × g ×t2
2 𝜌 − 𝜌𝑤
𝐻𝑚𝑚𝑚 = (1 − 𝑝) 𝐿
Q 2 𝜌𝑤
d3 = Relevant formulas sedimentation:
g × Lnet
2

x = vo × t
Q
vo =
Lnet × d

Lnet = Q/q

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