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Software Engineering Notes Unit-5

Software project management involves planning, estimating costs, scheduling tasks, and tracking a software project from initial planning through completion. It requires coordinating resources like staff, hardware, and software. Key activities include project planning and tracking, resource management, scope management, risk management, and configuration management. Project managers oversee the overall project, acting as leaders, mediators, and mentors. They use tools like Gantt charts, PERT charts, logic networks, work breakdown structures, and product breakdown structures to plan and track the project. Software maintenance is also important, modifying code after delivery to fix errors, improve performance, and adapt to changing requirements and technologies over time.

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Tanya Panwar
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708 views

Software Engineering Notes Unit-5

Software project management involves planning, estimating costs, scheduling tasks, and tracking a software project from initial planning through completion. It requires coordinating resources like staff, hardware, and software. Key activities include project planning and tracking, resource management, scope management, risk management, and configuration management. Project managers oversee the overall project, acting as leaders, mediators, and mentors. They use tools like Gantt charts, PERT charts, logic networks, work breakdown structures, and product breakdown structures to plan and track the project. Software maintenance is also important, modifying code after delivery to fix errors, improve performance, and adapt to changing requirements and technologies over time.

Uploaded by

Tanya Panwar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT=5

What is Project?
A project is a group of tasks that need to complete to reach a
clear result. A project also defines as a set of inputs and outputs
which are required to achieve a goal. Projects can vary from
simple to difficult and can be operated by one person or a
hundred.

What is software project management?


It is a procedure of managing, allocating and timing resources to
develop computer software that fulfills requirements.

In software Project Management, the client and the developers


need to know the length, period and cost of the project.

Prerequisite of software project management?


There are three needs for software project management. These
are:

1. Time
2. Cost
3. Quality

Project Manager
A project manager is a character who has the overall
responsibility for the planning, design, execution, monitoring,
controlling and closure of a project.
Role of a Project Manager:
1. Leader

2. Medium

3. Mentor

Activities
Software Project Management consists of many activities, that
includes planning of the project, deciding the scope of product,
estimation of cost in different terms, scheduling of tasks, etc.

The list of activities are as follows:

1. Project planning and Tracking


2. Project Resource Management
3. Scope Management
4. Estimation Management
5. Project Risk Management
6. Scheduling Management
7. Project Communication Management
8. Configuration Management

Tasks perform in Configuration management:

o Identification
o Baseline
o Change Control
o Configuration Status Accounting
o Configuration Audits and Reviews
Project Management Tools
1. Gantt chart
Gantt charts are primarily used to allocate resources to activities.
The funds allocated to activities include staff, hardware, and
software. Gantt charts are useful for resource planning. A Gantt
chart is a particular type of bar chart where each bar represents
an activity. The bars are drawn along a timeline:
2.PERT chart
PERT (Project Evaluation and Review Technique) charts contain a
network of boxes and arrows. The boxes show activities, and the
arrows represent function dependencies. PERT chart represents
the numerical variations in the plan estimates assuming a normal
distribution

Logic Network
The Logic Network shows the order of activities over time. It
shows the sequence in which activities are to do.
the project are the two primary uses. Moreover, it will help with
understanding task dependencies, a timescale, and overall
project workflow.

Product Breakdown Structure


Product Breakdown Structure (BBS) is a management tool and
necessary a part of the project designing.

Work Breakdown Structure


Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is used to decompose a given
function set recursively into small activities.

Software Maintenance
Software maintenance is a part of the Software Development Life
Cycle. Its primary goal is to modify and update software
application after delivery to correct errors and to improve
performance. Software is a model of the real world. When the
real world changes, the software require alteration wherever
possible.

Software Maintenance is an inclusive activity that includes error


corrections, enhancement of capabilities, deletion of obsolete
capabilities, and optimization.

Need for Maintenance


Software Maintenance is needed for:-

o Correct errors
o Change in user requirement with time
o Changing hardware/software requirements
o To improve system efficiency
o To optimize the code to run faster
o To modify the components
o To reduce any unwanted side effects.

Types of Software Maintenance

1. Corrective Maintenance
Corrective maintenance aims to correct any remaining errors
regardless of where they may cause specifications, design,
coding, testing, and documentation, etc.

2. Adaptive Maintenance
It contains modifying the software to match changes in the ever-
changing environment.

3. Preventive Maintenance
It is the process by which we prevent our system from being
obsolete. It involves the concept of reengineering & reverse
engineering in which an old system with old technology is re-
engineered using new technology. This maintenance prevents the
system from dying out.

4. Perfective Maintenance
It defines improving processing efficiency or performance or
restricting the software to enhance changeability. This may
contain enhancement of existing system functionality,
improvement in computational efficiency, etc.
Causes of Software Maintenance
Problems
→Lack of Traceability
o Codes are rarely traceable to the requirements and design
specifications.
o It makes it very difficult for a programmer to detect and
correct a critical defect affecting customer operations.
o Life Cycle documents are not always produced even as part
of a development project.

Lack of Code Comments

o Most of the software system codes lack adequate


comments. Lesser comments may not be helpful in certain
situations.

Obsolete Legacy Systems

o In most of the countries worldwide, the legacy system that


provides the backbone of the nation's critical industries,
e.g., telecommunications, medical, transportation utility
services, were not designed with maintenance in mind.
o They were not expected to last for a quarter of a century or
more
Software Maintenance Process

1.Program Understanding

2.Generating a Particular maintenance problem

3.Ripple Effect

4.Modified Program Testing

5.Maintainability

.
Software Maintenance Cost Factors
There are two types of cost factors involved in software
maintenance.

These are

o Non-Technical Factors
o Technical Factors

Non-Technical Factors
Technical Factors
Technical Factors include the following:

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