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History: o o o o o o o o o o o o

The document discusses chemical nomenclature rules for naming compounds containing hydroxyl functional groups. It states that the suffix -ol is used in IUPAC names when the hydroxyl group has the highest priority, and the prefix hydroxy- is used when another group has higher priority. The suffix -ol is also commonly used in non-IUPAC names to indicate an alcohol. However, many hydroxyl-containing compounds, especially sugars, do not use the suffix -ol or prefix hydroxy- in their names.

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14 views

History: o o o o o o o o o o o o

The document discusses chemical nomenclature rules for naming compounds containing hydroxyl functional groups. It states that the suffix -ol is used in IUPAC names when the hydroxyl group has the highest priority, and the prefix hydroxy- is used when another group has higher priority. The suffix -ol is also commonly used in non-IUPAC names to indicate an alcohol. However, many hydroxyl-containing compounds, especially sugars, do not use the suffix -ol or prefix hydroxy- in their names.

Uploaded by

rjohn 7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The suffix -ol appears in the IUPAC chemical name of all substances where the hydroxyl group is

the functional group with the highest priority. When a higher priority group is present in the
compound, the prefix hydroxy- is used in its IUPAC name. The suffix -ol in non-IUPAC names (such
as paracetamol or cholesterol) also typically indicates that the substance is an alcohol. However,
many substances that contain hydroxyl functional groups (particularly sugars, such
as glucose and sucrose) have names which include neither the suffix -ol, nor the prefix hydroxy-.

Contents

 1History
 2Nomenclature
o 2.1Etymology
o 2.2Systematic names
o 2.3Common names
 3Applications
 4Toxicity
 5Physical properties
 6Occurrence in nature
 7Production
o 7.1Ziegler and oxo processes
o 7.2Hydration reactions
o 7.3Biological routes
 8Reactions
o 8.1Deprotonation
o 8.2Nucleophilic substitution
o 8.3Dehydration
o 8.4Protonolysis
o 8.5Esterification
o 8.6Oxidation
 9See also
 10Notes
 11References
 12External links

History
Alcohol distillation possibly originated in the Indus valley civilization as early as 2000 BCE. The
people of India used an alcoholic drink called Sura made from fermented rice, barley, jaggery, and
flowers of the madhyaka tree.[3] Alcohol distillation was known to Islamic chemists as early as the
eighth century.[4][5]
The Arab chemist, al-Kindi, unambiguously described the distillation of wine in a treatise titled as
"The Book of the chemistry of Perfume and Distillations". [6][7][8]

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