ULTRASONIC TESTING PROCEDURE

APPENDIX 1
TRANSFER CORRECTION

1.0 General
There is a difference in instrument sensitivity between the reference block and test
component due to test surface roughness, contact area, component temperature and
acoustical attenuation characteristic. A correction in instrument sensitivity is required to
compensate for these differences and is described below ;

2.0 Procedure

2.1 Use two angle beam probes of the same type. One acting as a transmitter and the
other as receiver.
2.2 Place the probes in-tandem on the reference block at one skip distance and
maximize the signal to 70%. Note down the gain (dB).
2.3 Mark on the screen or on a graphical paper the peak of the maximized signal.
2.4 Reposition the probes to achieve peak signal at two skip distance repeat step(3.0)
and join he two points to obtain line R.
2.5 On the surface of test component, carry-out step (2)and at the same dB gain.
Increase to decrease the signal where the peak is on line R and note down the gain
(dB) difference.
2.6 The difference in dB gain of the instrument in step (2) and (5) is the transfer
correction in dB gain of the instrument
2.7 The first skip distance has to be greater than four inches or otherwise the successive
skip distances should beep of employed.
 TESTING PROCEDURE

APPENDIX 2
1.0 Surface Preparation
1.1 The condition of atl surfaces shall be such that a satisfactory coupling between probe
and test surface scan be maintained.
1.2 The visual examination of welding andfot material under test shall be carried out to
ascertainany surface defect or condition, which may affect the ultrasonic
examination.
1.3 All spatters, loose scale, rust, coating and other irregularities over the scanning

surfaceson any side of the weld which may interfere with the transmission of
sound wave shall be removed by wire brushing or light
grinding.

2.0 Testing Coverage

2.1 Welded joints requiring Ultrasonic Testing shall be tested for their full length unless

Client specifie spartial or spot testing.

2.2 The scanningshall be done from each side of the weld axis where possible.The area

adjacent to the weld shall be prepared for at least 3 times the thickness of material
being inspected both side of weld axis for the smooth scanning surface.
2.3 The volume shallbe examined by moving the probe over test surfaces so as to scan
the entire weld volume and adjacent area. Each pass of the probe shall overlap a
minimum, of 50%of the probe dimension.

3.0 Parent Metal Evaluation

3.1 The entire base metal through which ultrasound travel to test the weld shall be

tested for laminar reflectorusing a zero degree probe.

3.2 The scanning shall be performed at sensitivity setting of
2nd back wall echo to 80% full screen height set at clean base metal.
3.3 The probe movement for examination shall not exceed 150mm per second.

3.4 If any of base metals exhibits total loss of back reflection or an indication equal to or
greater than the original back reflection height is located in a position that will
 interface with the normal weld scanning procedure, its size,
location and depth shall be determined and reported in the ultrasonic test report.

4.0 Weld Evaluation

4.1 The beam shall be directed at approximately right angles to the weld axis from two
directions where possible. The probe shall be manipulated so that the beam passed
through the required volumesof weld and adjacent base metal.
4.2 Sensitivity shall be increased from the reference level for weld scanning in

accordance with AWS DL.1 : 2006, Table 6.2 or 6.3, as applicable.

4.3 The testing angle and scanning procedure shall be in accordance with those shown in

AWS D1.L : 2006, Table 6.7.

4.4 The probe movement for the examination shall not exceed 150 mm per second.

4.5 For transverse discontinuities, the beam shall be directed approximately 15 to the
weld axis.
4.6 Straight Beam Scanning-Straight beam scanning of the adjacent base metal shall be
performed to detect reflectors that might affect interpretation of angle beam result,
and is not to be used as an acceptance rejection examination. Location and area of
such reflectors shall be recorded.
4.7 Angle Beam Scanning-Angle beam scanning shall be directed at approximate right
angle to the weld axis from two directions where possible.The search unit shall be
manipulated so that the ultrasonic energy passed through the entire volumes of
weld and adjacent base metal. Scanning shall be performed at a gain setting at least
two times the primary reference level. Evaluation
shall be performed with respect to the primary reference level. Selectionof probe
angle would be governed by thickness of weld and angle of weld preparation.
4.8 All butt joint welds shall be tested from each side of the weld axis. Corner and T-joint

welds shall be primarily tested from one side of the weld axis only. All welds shall be
testedusing the applicable scanning pattern or patterns shown in AWS D1.1 : 2006,
Figure 6.24 as necessary to detect both longitudinal and transverse flaws. It is
intended that, as a minimum, all welds be teste dby passing sound through the
entire volume of the weld and the heat-affected zone in two crossing directions,
wherever applicable.
 4.9 For partial weld penetration, testing and evaluation shall be made up to the weld size
as per specified in the drawing.
4.10 When a discontinuity indication a PPearson the screen/ the maximum
attainable indication from the discontinuity shall be adjusted to produce a horizontal
reference level trace deflection on the display. This
adjustment shall be madewith the calibrated gain control (attenuator),and the
instrument reading in decibelsshall be used as the "Indication Level, a" for
calculatingthe "Indication Rating,d". Horizontal referencelevel is 80% of full screen
height.
4.11 The "Attenuation Factor, c" shall be attained by subtracting 1 in (25mm) from
the sound-pathdistance and multiplying the remainderby 2.This factor shall be
rounded out on the nearestdB value. Fractional values
less than 1/zdB shall be reduced to the lower dB level and those of 1/zdB or greater
increased to the higher level.
4.12 The "Indication Rating, d", represents the algebraic difference in decibels
between the indication level and the reference level with the correction for
attenuation as indicated in the following expressions:
Instruments with gain in dB:
a-b-c=d
Instrument with attenuation dB:
b-a-c=d.

5.0 AWS D1.1 : 2006,ClassR shall be used when UT is used as an alternative to RT.