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Week 6 Social Learning Roe 2018-19

This document discusses social learning theory and its application to career counseling. Social learning theory proposes that career decisions are influenced by a person's life experiences and learning experiences. The counselor's role is to help clients expand their capabilities, prepare for changing work tasks, empower them to take action, and deal with career problems by correcting assumptions and learning new skills. The document also discusses Krumboltz's social learning theory and its influential factors on career decision making.

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Ron Chong
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© © All Rights Reserved
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51 views36 pages

Week 6 Social Learning Roe 2018-19

This document discusses social learning theory and its application to career counseling. Social learning theory proposes that career decisions are influenced by a person's life experiences and learning experiences. The counselor's role is to help clients expand their capabilities, prepare for changing work tasks, empower them to take action, and deal with career problems by correcting assumptions and learning new skills. The document also discusses Krumboltz's social learning theory and its influential factors on career decision making.

Uploaded by

Ron Chong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FEM 4113

CAREER GUIDANCE &


ADVISING
Social Learning Theory
PROF. DR. MANSOR ABU TALIB

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


WHY PEOPLE ENTER
EDUCATIONAL COURSE OR JOB?

WHY THEY MAY CHANGE


DIRECTION DURING THEIR
LIVES?

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19
Social Learning Theory
O Krumboltz, Mitchell, and Gellatt each developed
a theory of career choice based on social
learning theory.

O The individual’s learning experiences over


his/her life-span have a direct influence of their
occupational decisions and career selection.

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


Social Learning Theory
O Career decision-making is a product of the individual’s
learning.

O It is believed that many make decisions based on faulty


beliefs, generalizations, and unrealistic expectations.
They do not know their alternatives and tend to use
approaches they have used in prior job search
situations.

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


A Learning Theory of Career Counseling
O This theory suggests that the career counselor’s major
task is to enhance learning opportunities for clients by
using a wide array of effective methods that begin in
childhood and endure throughout a lifetime.
O Career counselors may take the role of mentor, coach,
or educator.

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


A Learning Theory of Career Counseling

O In this model, the client is viewed as one who is


exploring and experimenting with possibilities and
tentative decisions.
O Indecision should not be viewed as a negative
diagnosis, but as an existing condition of a client who is
open to learning and exploration.

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


O People choose their careers
based on what they have
learned.
O Certain behaviors are modeled,
rewarded and reinforced.

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19
Krumboltz's Social Learning Theory

O Growth takes place as a result of learning and imitating


the behavior of others.

O Krumboltz developed a theory of career decision


making and development based on our social learning,
or environmental conditions and events, genetic
influences and learning experiences.

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


Krumboltz’s Social Learning Theory:
Influential Factors
O Genetic endowment and special abilities - sex, race,
physical appearance, intelligence, abilities, and talents
O Environmental conditions and events - cultural, social,
political, and economic forces beyond our control
O Learning experiences - Instrumental and associative
learning experiences

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


ILE
(1) antecedent,
(2) cover and overt behavioral
responses
(3) consequences are present.
WE ACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT
TO PRODUCE OUTCOME

ALE
(1) observation,
(2) classical conditioning.
WE LEARNT BY REACTING ON
STIMULI
PRODUCES BELIEF AND
INFLUENCE CHOICE

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


Task Approach Skill
O Problem solving skills, work habits, mental
set, etc that influences outcomes.

O EXPEREINCED DEVELOPED FROM TASK AND


PROBLEM

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


Task Approach Skill
Eliminating &
Value Reinterpreting
Estimating Selecting
Clarifying past events
Alternatives

Predicting
Planning Generalizing Goal Setting
future events

Generating Information
alternatives Seeking

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


Outcomes of the Factors Influencing
Career Decision Making

O Self-observation generalizations
O Worldview generalizations
O Task approach skills
O Actions

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


Life
Experiences
(Self Obs
Gen)

Three
consequences
are postulated
Task
Action
Approach
Outcome
Skills

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


Interaction of Factors

Inheritance

Environ-
ment

Task
Learning
approach
histories
FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19
skills
Reasons Why People Prefer a
Particular Occupation

• They • They have • A valued


succeed at observed a friend or
tasks they valued relative
believe are model being stressed its
like those reinforced advantages
performed for activities to them;
in that like those they
occupation. performed observed
by members positive
of that words and
occupation. images
associated
with it.
FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19
The Learning Theory of Career
Counseling (Mitchell & Krumboltz)
O Helper must be prepared to help clients
cope with career concerns in four ways:

Play a major
Expand their Prepare
Empower role in
capabilities them for
them to take dealing with
and changing
action all career
interests work tasks
problems

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


Career Counselors Need
to Help Clients by
1. Correcting faulty assumptions.
2. Learning new skills and interests.
3. Identifying effective strategies for
addressing issues emanating from
interactions between work and other life
roles.
4. Learning skills for coping with changing
work tasks.

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19
Psychological/ Psychodynamic
approaches
Personality theory
O Freud – gratification, adult occupation are
sought for their instinctual gratification, as
need for this is developed in early childhood.
O Adler, Jung, Roe

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


Personality Theory:
O Major proponent -- Anne Roe.
O Concern with biological,
psychological, and sociological
factors that combine to form
individual personalities.

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


ROE THEORY
TRY TO PREDICTS OCCUPATIONAL SELECTION BASED ON
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES WHICH ARE BIOLOGICAL,
SOCIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL

ESPECIALLY PSYCHOLOGICAL NEED THAT DEVELOPED FROM THE


INTERACTION BETWEEN CHIDLREN AND PARENTS

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


Roe’s Theory of Career Choice
(Personality)

Maslow’s Hierarchy Psychodynamic


of Needs Influences

Career
Influence of family
Development
and parents
Influence

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


Where to go?

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


Circular model of parenting influences
Parents are either warm or cold
Create 3 types of emotional climates each having 2
subtypes

1. Emotional concentration on child


O Overprotective style – encourage dependence and
restrict curiosity and exploration
O Overdemanding style – request perfection, high std

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


Circular model of parenting influences

2. Acceptance of the child


O Casual – minimum love, encourage independence,
do not ignore or reject
O Loving – warmer attitude and fostering dependency

Avoidance of the child


O Rejection (emotional) – critized or punished, not
given love and affection
O Neglect – parent have other concern

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


Hypothesis
Protective, Rejection, Overdemanding,
demanding and neglect and overprotective
loving parent casual parent children

children children
orientation
orientation orientation
away from
toward away from
person
person person

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19
This theory assumes there are 8
occupational groups:
service technology organization

business contact outdoor science

arts &
general cultural
entertainment

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


Level of complexity
Within each group there are 6 levels of complexity:

Professional &
managerial 1
Professional
Unskilled & managerial
2

Semi-
professional
Semiskilled
and Small
business

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


Skilled
Behaviors related to 8 occupational
fields with similar orientations

Major orientation Major orientation away


toward persons – from persons – COLD
WARM
* Service (I)
* Business contact (II) * Technology (IV)
* Organizations (III) * Outdoors (V)
* General culture (VII) * Science (VI)
* Arts and
entertainment (VIII)

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19
Roe’s Strengths & Limitations

O Complexity encompasses much of the human


condition and experience
O Complexity limits generalizability and
usefulness
O Widely published, lots of research
O Only a small part of research supports her
position

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19


FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19

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