FEM 4113

ISSUES IN CAREER ADVISING AND

GUIDANCE

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19

 ISSUES ON ASSESSMENTS
What is needed?
Type of test Potential or
Motivation

Data
Culturally sane
Interpretation

Translation

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 ISSUES ON Research

Career behaviour are

Career development Searching for acceptable
dynamics thus new RQ’s
perspectives methodology
are always forming

New emerging techniques

others than discriminant
The application of
analysis, analysis of
multiple CD theories
variance, correlational or
regression

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 Issues for women
Information resources
Equalization of job on nontraditional
Dual roles, Child care
opportunities occupations for
women

Working environment Sexual harrassment Entreprenurships

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 Issues for men
Placing achievement
Fear of feminity –
and success in Restrictive
gender roles
perspective, learn to emotionality
socialization
relax

Dealing with Changing male roles Needs of

competition in dual-career homes househusbands

Men in nontraditional
careers (social work,
nursing, elementary
school teacher, office
work)
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 Strategies for Minimizing
Insensitivity to Clients’ Values
O Become informed about variety of values
held in society.
O Be aware of your own values.
O Present value options to clients in an
unbiased manner.
O Be committed to client’s freedom of choice.

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19

 Strategies for Minimizing
Insensitivity, continued
O Respect clients with values that differ from
your own.
O Consult with others when necessary.
O Consider referring clients to another
counselor when substantial moral, religious
or political value differences exist.

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 ISSUES ON Technology
Comprehensive Validity of data
career info and sources

Resume
Using Internet
request through
job search sites
technology
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 Reasons for Combining
Computer and Counselor
O Students/clients mask other problems
under the rubric of career concerns.
O Some individuals do not profit from use of
technology because of learning or
personality style.
O Research indicates that the most effective
intervention is a combination of technology
and counselor support.

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 Counselor Responsibilities
O Determine readiness of the client to use a
computer system effectively
O Expand on the interpretation of assessment
O Assist individuals to identify values that
guide decision making
O Provide motivation and emotional support
O Suggest creative alternatives

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 Advantages of Internet Delivery of
Career Information and Interventions
O Provides access from many places, 24/7.
O Can serve very large and dispersed
audience.
O Databases can be updated frequently
from one central source.
O Linkages to other websites can be
incorporated.
O Counselor support can be provided
online.

FEM4113 SEM 2 2018/19

 Disadvantages of Internet
Career Planning Services
O Access and operation may be slow.
O Use of audio and video may not be feasible
because of bandwidth and other technical
concerns.
O The Internet is not a secure environment.

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 Counselor Competencies
Needed
O Detailed knowledge of the system or site
O Capability to diagnose the user’s needs
and capability to profit from use of
technology
O Capability to motivate user to invest time
O Capability to assist user to turn data into
information
O Capability to move user beyond
information to an action plan

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 Counselor-Computer Models
O One-to-one counseling + computer-based
system or website(s)
O Group guidance + computer-based system
or website(s)
O Group counseling + computer-based system
or website(s)
O Cybercounseling + use of assigned websites

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 Issues Related to
Cybercounseling

Counselor Supportive
Security
training services

Environment Problems Clients

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 Issues
concerning
evaluation
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 Why Evaluation Is Important
O Determine if participants are reaching the
predetermined objectives
O Improve services
O Provide accountability
O Determine whether outcomes are worth
expenditures

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 Types of Evaluation

O Formative - purpose is to improve an

ongoing program

O Summative - purpose is to determine

whether to retain a program

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 Steps in Planning Evaluation
O Decide whether to do formative,
summative, or both
O Identify the specified attitudes or
behaviors to be evaluated
O Identify the sources of the evaluation
data
O Determine how and when to collect data
O Determine how the data will be analyzed
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 Stakeholders
O A stakeholder is any person or entity who is
affected by a program of services.
O Stakeholders must be considered when
planning evaluation.
O Different stakeholders may desire different
kinds of feedback (evaluative data).

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 Types of Data
O Qualitative - measures the perceived value
of the services and the extent to which
measurable objectives have been reached -
in ways other than numbers

O Quantitative - collects and reports numbers

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 Methods of Evaluation
Questionnaires

Follow-up
Interviews
studies

Formal instruments

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 Using the Results of
Evaluation
O To determine if services met the needs of
the participants
O To improve the services
O To provide feedback to stakeholders
O To determine if outcomes were worth the
expenditures

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 Roadblocks to Evaluation
O Staff has fear of negative results and
possible consequences.
O Guidance services are often non-systematic,
not lending themselves to evaluation.
O Some counselors believe that their work
cannot be quantified and evaluated.
O Time is always insufficient, so evaluation is
given low priority.

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 Issues on
career advising and
guidance
at community setting
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 Definition

O Community counseling is the application of

counseling principles and practices in
agency, organization, or individual practice
settings that are located in and interact with
the surrounding community.

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 Competencies
O All professional counselors are trained in the
same 12 basic competencies.

O Community counseling requires skill in four

additional competencies -- coordination,
consultation, advocacy, and case
management.

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 Coordination
O This is a process of bringing together the
needs of a client and resources of the
community.

O Schlossberg’s 4-step model provides a

helpful framework for identifying client
strengths and barriers.

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 Coordination
O Counselors need to identify community
resources available and know them well.
O Working with a client is a 5-step process:
O Identify client needs.
O Match client needs and community
resources.
O Introduce client to the resources.
O Refer the client.
O Follow through with the client.

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 Consultation

O Consultation is the work of one professional

with another in an attempt to find ways to
reach compromise that will address the
needs of a third party (the client).

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 Advocacy

O Advocacy is the act of exerting pressure on

some aspect of the community in order to
improve the resources available to clients.

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 Case Management
O Its goal is to assure that a client receives the
sequence of services needed in a timely and
coordinated way.
O Its instrument is the case plan.
O Its tasks include coordinating, sequencing,
communicating, and following through.

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 Community Counseling and
Other Specialties
O Similarities O Differences
O Community
O Practice draws on
counselors deal with
the same base of adults.
counseling theory. O Options are limited to
those in community.
O Counselor may spend
O Counselors deal
equal time with client
with similar client and resources.
problems. O Work setting is the
community.

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 Futuristic issues
EMERGING
TRENDS
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 Emerging trends
O Interest in CPg become even stronger in
near future
O Managing one’s career individually (no more
the employer)
O Technology savvy
O Career coaching and life coaching – CD
facilitators

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 Future
O The changing workplace and changing
workforce
O Newly created jobs pay less
O Diversed work force
O Retraining workers due to downsizing

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 Thank you

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