Chapter 7 Factorisation
Chapter 7 Factorisation
Page number: 99
Exercise 7A
Question 1. (i)
Solution:
12 x 15 3(4 x 5)
(ii)
Solution:
14m 21 7(2m 3)
(iii)
A
Solution:
9n 12n 2 3n(3 4n)
Question 2. (i)
Solution:
16a 2 24ab 8a(2a 3b)
(ii)
Solution:
15ab2 20a 2b 5ab(3b 4a)
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(iii)
Solution:
12 x 2 y 3 21x3 y 2 3x 2 y 2 (4 y 7 x)
Question 3. (i)
Solution:
24 x3 36 x 2 y 6 x 2 (4 x 6 y )
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(ii)
Solution:
10 x3 15 x 2 5 x 2 (2 x 3)
(iii)
Solution:
36 x3 y 60 x 2 y 3 z 12 x 2 y (3x 5 y 2 z )
Question 4. (i)
Solution:
9 x3 6 x 2 12 x 3x(3x 2 2 x 4)
(ii)
Question 5. (i)
Solution:
14 x3 21x 4 y 28 x 2 y 2 7 x 2 (2 x 3x 2 y 4 y 2 )
(ii)
A
Solution:
5 10t 20t 2 5(1 2t 4t 2 )
Question 6. (i)
Solution:
x( x 3) 5( x 3) ( x 3)( x 5)
(ii)
Solution:
5 x( x 4) 7( x 4) ( x 4)(5 x 7)
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(iii)
Solution:
2m(1 n) 3(1 n) (1 n)(2m 3)
Question 7.
Solution:
6a(a 2b) 5b(a 2b) (a 2b)(6a 5b)
Q
Question 8.
Solution:
x3 (2a b) x 2 (2a b)
(2a b)( x3 x 2 )
x 2 ( x 1)(2a b)
Question 9.
Solution:
9a(3a 5b) 12a 2 (3a 5b)
(3a 5b)(9a 12a 2 )
3a(3 4a)(3a 5b)
Question 11.
Solution:
3(a 2b) 2 5(a 2b)
(a 2b) 3(a 2b) 5
A
(a 2b)(3a 6b 5)
Question 12.
Solution:
2a 6b 3( a 3b) 2
2(a 3b) 3( a 3b) 2
(a 3b) 2 3( a 3b)
(a 3b)(2 3a 9b)
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Question 13.
Solution:
16(2 p 3q ) 2 4(2 p 3q)
(2 p 3q) 16(2 p 3q) 4
(2 p 3q)(32 p 48q 4)
Question 14.
Q
Solution:
x(a 3) y (3 a)
x(a 3) y (a 3)
(a 3)( x y)
Question 15.
Solution:
12(2 x 3 y ) 2 16(3 y 2 x)
12(2 x 3 y ) 2 16(2 x 3 y )
(2 x 3 y ) 12(2 x 3 y ) 16
(2 x 3 y )(24 x 36 y 16)
Question 17.
Solution:
ar br at bt
A
(ar br ) (at bt )
r ( a b) t ( a b)
(a b)(r t )
Question 18.
Solution:
x 2 ax bx ab
( x 2 bx) (ax ab)
x ( x b) a ( x b)
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( x b)( x a)
Question 19.
Solution:
ab 2 bc 2 ab c 2
(ab 2 ab) (bc 2 c 2 )
ab(b 1) c 2 (b 1)
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(b 1)(ab c 2 )
Question 20.
Solution:
x 2 xz xy yz
( x 2 xy ) ( xz yz )
x( x y ) z ( x y )
( x y )( x z )
Question 22.
Solution:
( x 2 y)2 4 x 8 y
A
( x 2 y ) 2 4( x 2 y )
( x 2 y ) ( x 2 y ) 4
( x 2 y )( x 2 y 4)
Question 23.
Solution:
y 2 xy (1 x) x 3
y 2 xy x 2 y x 3
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y ( y x) x 2 ( y x)
( y x)( y x 2 )
Question 24.
Solution:
(ax by ) 2 (bx ay ) 2
(a 2 x 2 b 2 y 2 2axby ) (b 2 x 2 a 2 y 2 2bxay )
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a 2 x 2 a 2 y 2 b 2 y 2 b 2 x 2 2axby 2bxay
a 2 ( x2 y 2 ) b2 ( x2 y 2 )
( x 2 y 2 )(a 2 b 2 )
Question 25.
Solution:
ab 2 (a b)b 1
ab 2 ba b 1
ab(b 1) 1(b 1)
(b 1)(ab 1)
Question 27.
Solution:
ab( x 2 y 2 ) xy (a 2 b 2 )
A
abx 2 aby 2 a 2 xy b 2 xy
abx 2 a 2 xy aby 2 b 2 xy
ax(bx ay ) by (ay bx )
ax(bx ay ) by (bx ay )
(bx ay )(ax by )
Question 28.
Solution:
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x 2 x(a 2b) 2ab
x 2 ax 2bx 2ab
x 2 2bx ax 2ab
( x 2 2bx) (ax 2ab)
x( x 2b) a ( x 2b)
( x 2b)( x a )
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Question 1.
Solution:
x 2 36
x 2 (6) 2
( x 6)( x 6)
Question 3.
Solution:
81 49 x 2
(9) 2 (7 x) 2
A
(9 7 x)(9 7 x)
Question 4.
Solution:
4x2 9 y 2
(2 x) 2 (3 y ) 2
(2 x 3 y )(2 x 3 y )
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Question 5.
Solution:
16a 2 225b 2
(4a ) 2 (15b) 2
(4a 15b)(4a 15b)
Question 6.
Q
Solution:
9a 2b 2 25
(3ab) 2 (5) 2
(3ab 5)(3ab 5)
Question 7.
Solution:
16a 2 144
(4a ) 2 (12) 2
(4a 12)(4a 12)
Question 9.
Solution:
20a 2 45b 2
A
5(4a 2 9b 2 )
5 (2a ) 2 (3b) 2
5 (2a 3b)(2a 3b)
Question 10.
Solution:
12 x 2 27
3(4 x 2 9)
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3(2 x)2 (3)2
3(2 x 3)(2 x 3)
Question 11.
Solution:
x3 64 x
x ( x)2 (8)2
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x ( x 8)( x 8)
Question 12.
Solution:
16 x 5 144 x 3
x 3 (16 x 2 144)
x 3 (4 x) 2 (12) 2
x 3 (4 x 12)(4 x 12)
Question 14.
Solution:
16 p 3 4 p
A
4 p (4 p 2 1)
4 p (2 p ) 2 (1) 2
4 p (2 p 1)(2 p 1)
Question 15.
Solution:
63a 2b 2 7
7(9a 2b 2 1)
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7 (3ab) 2 (1) 2
7 (3ab 1)(3ab 1)
Question 16.
Solution:
1 (b c) 2
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(1) 2 (b c) 2
(1 b c)(1 b c)
Question 17.
Solution:
(2a 3b) 2 16c 2
(2a 3b) 2 (4c) 2
(2a 3b 4c)(2a 3b 4c)
Question 19.
Solution:
(2 x 5 y ) 2 1
(2 x 5 y ) 2 (1) 2
A
(2 x 5 y 1)(2 x 5 y 1)
Question 20.
Solution:
36c 2 (5a b) 2
(6c) 2 (5a b) 2
(6c 5a b)(6c 5a b)
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Question 21.
Solution:
(3 x 4 y ) 2 25 z 2
(3 x 4 y ) 2 (5 z ) 2
(3 x 4 y 5 z )(3 x 4 y 5 z )
Question 22.
Solution:
Q
x2 y 2 2 y 1
x 2 ( y 2 2 y 1)
x 2 ( y 1) 2
( x y 1)( x y 1)
Question 23.
Solution:
25 a 2 b 2 2ab
(5) 2 (a 2 2ab b 2 )
(5) 2 (a b) 2
(5 a b)(5 a b)
Question 25.
Solution:
9a 2 b 2 4b 4
A
(3a ) 2 (b 2 4b 4)
(3a ) 2 (b 2) 2
(3a b 2)(3a b 2)
Question 26.
Solution:
100 ( x 5) 2
(10) 2 ( x 5) 2
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(10 x 5)(10 x 5)
(5 x)(15 x)
Question 27.
Solution:
(405) 2
(395) 2
(405 395)(405 395)
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800 10
8000
Question 28.
Solution:
(7.8) 2
(2.2) 2
(7.8 2.2)(7.8 2.2)
10 5.6
56
Factorise:
Question 1.
Solution:
x 2 8 x 16
x 2 4 x 4 x 16
x( x 4) 4( x 4)
A
( x 4)( x 4)
Question 2.
Solution:
x 2 14 x 49
x 2 7 x 7 x 49
x( x 7) 7( x 7)
( x 7)( x 7)
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Question 3.
Solution:
1 2 x x2
x2 2 x 1
x2 x x 1
x( x 1) 1( x 1)
( x 1)( x 1)
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Question 4.
Solution:
9 6z z2
z2 6z 9
z 2 3z 3z 9
z ( z 3) 3( z 3)
( z 3)( z 3)
Question 6.
Solution:
4 y 2 20 y 25
A
(2 y 5) 2
(2 y 5)(2 y 5)
Question 7.
Solution:
36a 2 36a 9
(6a 3) 2
(6a 3)(6a 3)
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Question 8.
Solution:
9m 2 24m 16
(3m 4) 2
(3m 4)(3m 4)
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Question 9.
Solution:
1
z2 z
4
2
1
z
2
1 1
z z
2 2
Question 11.
Solution:
p 2 10 p 25
( p 5) 2
A
( p 5)( p 5)
Question 12.
Solution:
121a 2 88ab 16b 2
(11a 4b) 2
(11a 4b)(11a 4b)
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Question 13.
Solution:
1 6 x 9 x2
9x2 6 x 1
(3x 1) 2
(3x 1)(3 x 1)
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Question 14.
Solution:
9 y 2 12 y 4
(3 y 2) 2
(3 y 2)(3 y 2)
Question 15.
Solution:
16 x 2 24 x 9
(4 x 3) 2
(4 x 3)(4 x 3)
Question 17.
Solution:
a 2b 2 6abc 9c 2
(ab 3c) 2
A
(ab 3c)(ab 3c)
Question 18.
Solution:
m 4 2m 2 n 2 n 4
(m 2 n 2 ) 2
(m2 n 2 )(m 2 n 2 )
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Question 19.
Solution:
(l m) 2 4lm
l 2 m 2 2lm 4lm
(l 2 m 2 2lm)
Factorise:
Question 1.
Solution:
x2 5x 6
x 2 2 x 3x 6
x( x 2) 3( x 2)
( x 2)( x 3)
Question 3.
Solution:
z 2 12 z 27
A
z 2 3 z 9 z 27
z ( z 3) 9( z 3)
( z 3)( z 9)
Question 4.
Solution:
p2 6 p 8
p2 2 p 4 p 8
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p ( p 2) 4( p 2)
( p 2)( p 4)
Question 5.
Solution:
x 2 15 x 56
x 2 7 x 8 x 56
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x( x 7) 8( x 7)
( x 7)( x 8)
Question 6.
Solution:
y 2 19 y 60
y 2 4 y 15 y 60
y ( y 4) 15( y 4)
( y 4)( y 15)
Question 8.
Solution:
q 2 10q 21
A
q 2 3q 7 q 21
q (q 3) 7(q 3)
(q 3)(q 7)
Question 9.
Solution:
p 2 6 p 16
p 2 2 p 8 p 16
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p ( p 2) 8( p 2)
( p 2)( p 8)
Question 10.
Solution:
x 2 10 x 24
x 2 4 x 6 x 24
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x( x 4) 6( x 4)
( x 4)( x 6)
Question 11.
Solution:
x 2 23 x 42
x 2 2 x 21 42
x( x 2) 21( x 2)
( x 2)( x 21)
Question 13.
Solution:
y 2 21 y 90
A
y 2 6 y 15 y 90
y ( y 6) 15( y 6)
( y 6)( y 15)
Question 14.
Solution:
x 2 22 x 117
x 2 9 x 13 x 117
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x( x 9) 13( x 9)
( x 9)( x 13)
Question 15.
Solution:
x 2 9 x 20
x 2 4 x 5 x 20
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x( x 4) 5( x 4)
( x 4)( x 5)
Question 16.
Solution:
x 2 x 132
x 2 12 x 11x 132
x( x 12) 11( x 12)
( x 12)( x 11)
Question 18.
Solution:
y 2 7 y 144
A
y 2 16 y 9 y 144
y ( y 16) 9( y 16)
( y 16)( y 9)
Question 19.
Solution:
z 2 19 z 150
z 2 25 z 6 z 150
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z ( z 25) 6( z 25)
( z 25)( z 6)
Question 20.
Solution:
y 2 y 72
y 2 9 y 8 y 72
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y ( y 9) 8( y 9)
( y 9)( y 8)
Question 21.
Solution:
a 2 6a 91
a 2 13a 7a 91
a (a 13) 7( a 13)
(a 13)( a 7)
Question 23.
Solution:
x 2 7 x 30
A
x 2 3 x 10 x 30
x( x 3) 10( x 3)
( x 3)( x 10)
Question 24.
Solution:
x 2 11x 42
x 2 14 x 3 x 42
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x( x 14) 3( x 14)
( x 14)( x 3)
Question 25.
Solution:
x 2 5 x 24
x 2 3 x 8 x 24
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x( x 3) 8( x 3)
( x 3)( x 8)
Question 26.
Solution:
y 2 6 y 135
y 2 15 y 9 y 135
y ( y 15) 9( y 15)
( y 15)( y 9)
Question 28.
Solution:
x 2 4 x 12
A
x 2 6 x 2 x 12
x( x 6) 2( x 6)
( x 6)( x 2)
Question 29.
Solution:
3 x 2 10 x 8
3x 2 6 x 4 x 8
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3 x( x 2) 4( x 2)
( x 2)(3 x 4)
Question 30.
Solution:
3 y 2 14 y 8
3 y 2 12 y 2 y 8
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3 y ( y 4) 2( y 4)
( y 4)(3 y 2)
Question 31.
Solution:
3 z 2 10 z 8
3 z 2 12 z 2 z 8
3 z ( z 4) 2( z 4)
( z 4)(3 z 2)
Question 33.
Solution:
6 p 2 11 p 10
A
6 p 2 4 p 15 p 10
2 p (3 p 2) 5(3 p 2)
(3 p 2)(2 p 5)
Question 34.
Solution:
2 x 2 17 x 30
2 x 2 12 x 5 x 30
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2 x( x 6) 5( x 6)
( x 6)(2 x 5)
Question 35.
Solution:
7 y 2 19 y 6
7 y 2 21 y 2 y 6
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7 y ( y 3) 2( y 3)
( y 3)(7 y 2)
Question 36.
Solution:
28 31x 5 x 2
5 x 2 31x 28
5 x 2 35 x 4 x 28
5 x( x 7) 4( x 7)
( x 7)(5 x 4)
Question 38.
Solution:
A
6 x2 5x 6
6 x2 4 x 9 x 6
2 x(3 x 2) 3(3 x 2)
(3 x 2)(2 x 3)
Question 39.
Solution:
3m2 24m 36
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3(m 2 8m 12)
3(m 2 6m 2m 12)
3 m(m 6) 2(m 6)
3 (m 6)(m 2)
Question 40.
Solution:
Q
4n 2 8n 3
4n 2 2n 6n 3
2n(2n 1) 3(2n 1)
(2n 1)(2n 3)
Question 41.
Solution:
6 x 2 17 x 3
6 x 2 18 x x 3
6 x( x 3) 1( x 3)
( x 3)(6 x 1)
A
Question 1.
Solution: (d) 7(a 3b)(a 3b)
(7 a 2 63b 2 )
7(a 2 9b 2 )
7 (a 3b)(a 3b)
Question 2.
Solution: (d) 2 x(1 4 x)(1 4 x)
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(2 x 32 x 3 )
2 x(1 16 x 2 )
2 x (1 4 x)(1 4 x)
Question 3.
Solution: (c) x( x 12)( x 12)
x3 144 x
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x( x 2 144)
x ( x 12)( x 12)
Question 4.
Solution: (d) 2(1 5 x)(1 5 x)
(2 50 x 2 )
2(1 25 x 2)
2 (1 5 x)(1 5 x)
Question 6.
Solution: (a) ( pq 1)(q 1)
pq 2 q ( p 1) 1
A
pq 2 qp q 1
pq (q 1) 1(q 1)
(q 1)( pq 1)
Question 7.
Solution: (b) (a m)(b n)
ab mn an bm
ab an bm mn
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a(b n) m(b n)
(b n)(a m)
Question 8.
Solution: (a) (a 1)(b 1)
ab a b 1
a(b 1) 1(b 1)
(b 1)(a 1)
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Question 9.
Solution: (c) ( x y )( x z )
x 2 xz xy yz
x( x z ) y ( x z )
( x z )( x y )
Question 10.
Solution: (c) 3(2m 3)(2m 3)
Question 11.
Solution: (d) x( x 1)( x 1)
x3 x
x( x 2 1)
x( x 1)( x 1)
A
Question 12.
Solution: (d) (1 a b)(1 a b)
1 2ab (a 2 b 2 )
1 2ab a 2 b 2
1 (a 2 2ab b 2 )
(1) 2 (a b) 2
(1 a b)(1 a b)
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Question 13.
Solution: (c) ( x 2)( x 4)
x2 6 x 8
x2 4x 2x 8
x( x 4) 2( x 4)
( x 4)( x 2)
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Question 14.
Solution: (b) ( x 7)( x 3)
x 2 4 x 21
x 2 7 x 3 x 21
x( x 7) 3( x 7)
( x 7)( x 3)
Question 15.
Solution: (a) ( y 1)( y 3)
Question 16.
Solution: (a) ( x 5)( x 8)
40 3x x 2
x 2 3x 40
x 2 8 x 5 x 40
A
x( x 8) 5( x 8)
( x 8)( x 5)
Question 17.
Solution: (b) ( x 1)(2 x 3)
2 x2 5x 3
2 x 2 2 x 3x 3
2 x( x 1) 3( x 1)
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( x 1)(2 x 3)
Question 18.
Solution: (c) (3a 2)(2a 3)
6a 2 13a 6
6a 2 9a 4a 6
3a (2a 3) 2(2a 3)
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(2a 3)(3a 2)
Question 19.
Solution: (a) (2 z 1)(2 z 3)
4 z 2 8z 3
4z2 2z 6z 3
2 z (2 z 1) 3(2 z 1)
(2 z 1)(2 z 3)
A
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Q