2020 Form 5 Biology Mock Exam

Part A
1. The diagram below shows the vertical section of a human brain:

Which of the following are functions of part P?

(1) emotion
(2) memory
(3) saliva secretion
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
A Saliva secretion is an involuntary action controlled by U (medulla).

2. The diagram below shows the human brain:

 What happens to the person if the region X on both sides is damaged?
A. Sensation of the body is lost.
B. No movement can be produced.
C. Sound cannot be interpreted.
D. Memory is lost.
B Region X is the main motor area.

3. The diagram below shows a part of the human skeleton:

Which of the following statements are correct?

(1) P has a canal through which the spinal cord runs.
(2) Q is composed of hard and rigid dead cells which gives a strong protection to the
lungs.
(3) R is elastic and flexible.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
B Q is the rib, which contains living cells.

4. Which of the following are the functions of mammalian skeleton?

(1) protection of internal organs
(2) storage of minerals
(3) manufacture of blood cells
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
D Red blood cells and white blood cells are produced in the red bone marrow.

5. Which of the following statements about the rib cage is/are incorrect?
(1) It is composed of the ribs and the sternum.
(2) Its size decreases when the intercostal muscles contract.
(3) It protects the heart and the lungs.
A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only
B Rib cage moves upwards and outwards when the intercostal muscles contract in
inspiration. Thus the size of the rib cage increases.

6. Which of the following structures in the human skeleton serves a function to reduce
fracture during movment?
A. joint capsule
B. synovial membrane
C. cartilage
D. ligament
C Cartilage covers the ends of the bones to reduce friction between bones during movement.

7. Which of the following diagrams shows the correct lever system at the elbow of the
human forearm that holding a weight?
B It is an example of third order lever system. The bone acts act lever, the joint acts as
fulcrum, the muscle acts as effort and the weight acts as load.

Directions: Questions8 and 9 refer to the diagram below, which shows a man lifting a
heavy object and the muscles and skeleton of his leg:

8. Which of the following correctly describes the state of his muscles when he is at the
position as shown in the diagram?
A. Muscle P and R contracts.
B. Muscle P and S contracts.
C. Muscle Q and R contracts.
D. Muscle R and S contracts.
C
 9. Which of the following is correct regarding structure Y?
A. It links bones to bones.
B. It links muscles to ligaments.
C. It supplies oxygen and nutrients to bones.
D. It links muscles to bones

D X is tendon which is tough and inelastic and enables the muscles to attach to the bones.

10. The urine of Mary is boiled with Benedict’s solution and an orange precipitate is
formed. Which of the following statements is/are the explanation of this result?
(1) Mary’s pancreas has been removed surgically.
(2) Mary ate a big birthday cake 10 minutes before the test.
(3) Mary is overweight.
A. (1) only
B. (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

A If the pancreas is removed, there will be no secretion of insulin and glucagon to

regulate the blood glucose level. Thus excess glucose will be excreted in urine. A
healthy person will not have glucose present in urine even after a big meal. Overweight
is a risk factor for diabetes, but it will not lead to presence of glucose in urine.

11. Which of the following reasons explain why we need to keep the blood glucose level
at a constant level?
(1) To protect the brain from shortage of fuel.
(2) To prevent water gain or loss by osmosis in cells.
(3) To ensure that a constant level of insulin is secreted by the pancreas.
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
A

12. Which of the following statements describing the cuticle on the leaf are correct?
(1) It reduces the loss of water by evaporation.
(2) It is a thin layer of waxy substance.
(3) It allows rapid diffusion of gases into and out the leaves.
A. (1) and (2) only
 B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

A
The stomata allow the exchange of gases between the air and air spaces inside the leaf.

13. The diagram below shows the major processes that occur inside a chloroplast:

What are Q and S respectively?

Q S
A. hydrogen starch
B. oxygen glucose
C. oxygen starch
D. glucose oxygen
B Oxygen is released during stage 1 (photolysis of water). The product of stage 2
(carbon fixation) is glucose, which later converts to starch for temporary storage.

14. Anaerobic respiration differs from aerobic respiration in that it

(1) produces less energy.
(2) produces high energy organic end products.
(3) does not require oxygen.
(4) does not produce water.
A. (1) and (3) only
B. (1), (2) and (3) only
C. (2), (3) and (4) only
D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)

D All of the above are the differences between anaerobic respiration and aerobic
respiration.
15. The diagram below shows a set-up used to investigate respiration in small mammals:

What will be the new level of the coloured liquid after one hour?
A. P
B. Q
C. R
D. S

D The mouse respires and produces heat that causes the air inside the tube to expand. The
increased pressure forces the coloured liquid down in the left arm of the U-tube.

16. Which of the following can be used to detect or measure aerobic respiration?
(1) decrease in dry mass of organism
(2) intake of oxygen
(3) release of carbon dioxide
(4) production of heat
A. (1), (2) and (3) only
B. (1), (3) and (4) only
C. (2), (3) and (4) only
D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)

D All of the above criteria can be used despite the fact that there may be some technical
difficulties left to be solved.

17. Alcoholic beverages are usually high in calories because

 A. the alcohol molecules are a form of saturated fat.
B. they have a high concentration of ATP.
C. much energy is remained in the ethanol.
D. they contain high levels of simple sugars.

C There is still a large amount of energy locked within ethanol as it cannot be further
oxidised to release energy.

18. Which of the following statements about antibiotics is incorrect?

A. Antibiotics inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
B. Antibiotics do not kill human cells.
C. Antibiotics combine with antigens of pathogens to facilitate phagocytosis.
D. Antibiotics are produced by microorganisms.

C Antibodies, not antibiotics, combine with antigens of pathogens to facilitate

phagocytosis.

19. Some diseases are transmitted by a vector. Which of the following disease(s) involve
a vector?
(1) malaria
(2) influenza
(3) dengue fever
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
B Malaria and dengue fever are transmitted by mosquitoes. The transmission of influenza
is transmitted through air.

20. Which of the following risk factors may lead to coronary heart disease?
(1) high blood pressure
(2) sedentary lifestyle
(3) high cholesterol level
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
D People with a sedentary lifestyle have little physical activities; they have a much greater
risk of having coronary heart disease than those having regular exercise.
 21. Which of the following symptoms are common in diabetes?
(1) frequent urination
(2) excessive thirst
(3) often hungry
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
D Frequent urination: removal of sugars in the urine leads to the production of a large volume of
urine.
Excessive thirst: the excessive loss of water in urine leads to a lower water potential in the
body.
Often hungry: sugars cannot be utilized by body cells, thus energy intake of the patient is less
than energy output.

22. Which of the following statements about type 2 diabetes is correct?

A. The insulin-secreting cells cannot produce sufficient insulin.
B. The body cells are resistant to glucose.
C. It is known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
D. It is a disorder of the immune system.
C The insulin level in type 2 diabetic patients is usually normal, but their body cells do
not respond to insulin properly. Disorder of immune system is related to type I diabetes.

23. Which of the following comparisons between a benign tumour and a malignant
tumour is correct?
Benign tumour Malignant tumour
A. can destroy surrounding tissues cannot destroy surrounding
tissues
B. a mass of normal cells a mass of cancer cells
C. cannot spread to other organs can spread to other organs
D. not surrounded by a fibrous surrounded by a fibrous capsule
capsule
C Benign tumour is a mass of localised tumour cells surrounded by a fibrous capsule.

Part B
1. The diagram below shows the drawing of a human brain:
 (a) Which part of the human brain does the diagram shows? (1 mark)
(b) What would be the effect on a person if
(i) region R is damaged?
(ii) region S is damaged? (2 marks)
(c) The brain structure shown in the above diagram can be divided into different
areas, which are sensory, motor and association areas. State the functions of each of
these three areas. (4 marks)
(a) Cerebrum. [1A]
(b) (i) The ability of hearing is lost. / The person becomes deaf. [1A]
(ii) The vision is lost. / The person is blind. [1A]
(c) The sensory areas receive nerve impulses from various receptors and give rise to
sensations such as touch, smell, taste and hearing. [1A]
The motor areas send out nerve impulses to motor neurones and control the effectors to
produce responses. [1A]
The association areas integrate and coordinate incoming sensory information from
different receptors or sensory areas, and send nerve impulses to motor areas.
[1A]
They are also responsible for controlling intellectual activities, such as thinking, speech,
memory, reasoning and imagination. [1A]

2. (a) State three differences between reflex and voluntary actions. (3 marks)
(b) Use a flow chart to show the nervous pathway of the withdrawal reflex. (2 marks)
(c) If a portion of the cerebrum of John is damaged in a car accident, deduce how it
would affect
(i) his voluntary actions, and
(ii) his reflex actions. (4 marks)
(d) Pupil dilation and knee-jerk reflex are both reflex actions. State a difference
between them.
(2 marks)
(e) State a difference between the withdrawal reflex of the hand and the knee-jerk
reflex. (1 mark )
(a) Reflex actions are controlled by the medulla or spinal cord, while voluntary actions are
 controlled by the cerebrum. [1A]
Reflex actions are not under conscious control, while voluntary actions are under
conscious control. [1A]
No learning is required in reflex actions; learning is required in voluntary actions.
[1A]
In reflex actions, the same stimulus always produces the same response. In voluntary
actions, the same stimulus may lead to different responses. [1A]
Reflex actions are generally faster than voluntary actions. [1A]
(Any three of the above)
(b) Receptor → Sensory neurone → Interneurone in spinal cord → Motor neurone →
Effector [2A]
(c) (i) Some voluntary actions would be affected as all voluntary actions are controlled
by the cerebrum. [1A]
For example, the sensation of the person might be weakened if the sensory areas of
the cerebrum are damaged. [1A]
(ii) The reflex actions would not be affected because they are controlled by the
medulla or spinal cord. [2A]
(d) For knee-jerk reflex, it involves the spinal cord and spinal nerves only / it is a kind of
spinal reflexes. [1A]
Whereas pupil dilation involves the brain and cranial nerves only / is a kind of cranial
reflexes. [1A]
(e) The withdrawal reflex involves the association neurone, but the knee-jerk reflex does
not. [1A]

3. The diagram below shows a neuromuscular junction:

(a) Name P and Q and state their functions respectively. (4 marks)

(b) Explain why the membrane of the muscle fibre is highly folded in the
neuromuscular junction.
(1 mark)
 (c) Describe how the nerve impulses are transmitted across the neuromuscular
junction. (5 marks)

(a) P is a mitochondrion. [1A]

It provides energy for synthesizing transmitter substance. [1A]
Q is synaptic vesicles containing transmitter substance, [1A]
which plays an important role in the transmission of nerve impulses across the synapse.
[1A]
(b) To increase surface area of contact between transmitter substance and muscle fibre.
[1A]
(c) When a nerve impulse arrives at the motor end plate, the synaptic vesicles release a
transmitter substance into the synaptic cleft. [1A]
The transmitter substance diffuses across the synaptic cleft and reaches the muscle fibre.
[1A]
When the transmitter substance reaches the membrane of the muscle fibre, it makes the
membrane more permeable to sodium ions , [1A]
which results in the formation of an action potential in the muscle fibre. [1A]
The muscle fibre contracts as the action potential spreads along its length. [1A]

4. The diagram below shows the bones and muscles of a human arm:

(a) State the conditions of the triceps and biceps when the forearm
(i) bends, (2 marks)
(ii) extends. (2 marks)
(b) The muscles and bones form a lever system when the forearm bends. Which part
of the arm acts as the fulcrum and effort? (2 marks)
(c) Name structure A and state its function. (3 marks)
 (d) (i) What type of muscles do triceps and biceps belong to? (1 mark)
(ii) How do they differ from the heart muscles? (2 marks)

(a) (i) When the forearm bends, biceps contract and triceps relax. [2A]
(ii) When the forearm extends, biceps relax and triceps contract. [2A]
(b) The elbow acts as the fulcrum. [1A]
The biceps acts as the effort. [1A]
(c) A is tendon. [1A]
It connects muscles to the bones. [1A]
Thus the force produced by contraction of the muscles can directly transmit to the bones.
[1A]
(d) (i) Skeletal muscles [1A]
(ii) Skeletal muscles contract under will control. [1A]
Heart muscles contract automatically (not under will control). [1A]

5. The lack of a particular hormone would cause an abnormally high concentration of a

particular carbohydrate in urine.
(a) Name the hormone and carbohydrate mentioned above. (2 marks)
(b) Which organ in the human body produces this hormone? (1 mark)
(c) Explain the cause of the abnormally high concentration of the particular
carbohydrate.
(4 marks)
(d) How can we detect the presence of this particular carbohydrate in urine?
(2 marks)

(a) Hormone: insulin [1A]

Carbohydrate: glucose [1A]
(b) Pancreas [1A]
(c) Due to the deficiency of insulin, the liver cannot convert glucose to glycogen.
[2A]
The patient has a blood glucose level higher than the normal value [1A]
and exceeding the reabsorption ability of the kidney. [1A]
(d) The urine is boiled with Benedict’s solution. [1A]
If glucose is present, there will be an orange precipitate. [1A]
OR
Test with Clinistix paper, [1A]
in which the colour will change from pink to purple when glucose is present.
[1A]
 (any one of the above methods)

6. In the early twentieth century, the cause of diabetes was still unknown. In order to study
the disease, a scientist performed the following experiments on dogs.

Experi Experimenta Treatment Result

ment l subject
1 Healthy dogs Removing the Symptoms of diabetes
pancreas appeared
2 Diabetic dog Injecting extracts of Symptoms of diabetes
from pancreas disappeared
experiment 1
3a Diabetic dog Injecting extracts of Symptoms of diabetes
from pancreas which had remained
experiment 1 been treated with
protease
3b Diabetic dog Injecting extracts of Symptoms of diabetes
from pancreas which had disappeared
experiment 1 been treated with
lipase

(a) Comparing the results of experiments 1 and 2, what conclusion can be drawn?
(2 marks)
(b) What is the purpose of experiment 3? (2 marks)
(c) Based on the results of experiments 2 and 3a, explain whether the diabetic dogs
would show symptoms of the disease if they were treated with the extracts of
pancreas by feeding instead of by injection. (3 marks)
(d) Explain why it is important to keep the blood glucose level at a more or less
constant level. (2 marks)

(a) Lack of certain substances produced by pancreas will lead to diabetes. [2A]
(b) To identify the substances mentioned in (a) is a kind or protein or fat. [2A]
(c) Symptoms will remain, [1A]
as from experiment 3a, the substance is proven to be a protein. [1A]
It will be digested as normal proteins in the alimentary canal. [1A]
(d) It can protect the brain from shortage of fuel. [1A]
If the blood glucose level cannot be kept constant, water will leave or enter the cells by
osmosis. This will affect the metabolism of cells. [1A]

7. In 1798, Edward Jenner discovered a way to control the spread of smallpox. The
diagram below shows the steps of the experiment:
(a) State the biological term to describe this method. (1 mark)
(b) Name the type of organisms that causes smallpox? (1 mark)
(c) This method could confer the immunity of smallpox on humans. By using the
flow chart shown in the diagram, describe how the boy obtains the immunity by
this method. (4
marks)
(d) Every child in Hong Kong should receive a number of vaccines from childhood
to adolescence. Name two vaccines that a child should be received before the age
of 2. (2
marks)
(e) Scientists performed an experiment by investigating the effects of antigens on the
level of antibody in a rabbit. One dose of antigen was administered to the rabbit at
the beginning of the experiment and another dose of antigen was administrated on
Day 20. The number of antibody in the blood was measured at regular intervals.
Sketch a diagram to show the level of antibody of the rabbit. (2 marks)
 (a) vaccination [1 A]
(b) virus [1 A]
(c) The antigens of cowpox and smallpox are similar. [1 A]
By scratching the pus from the boils of a cowpox patient into the skin of the boy, some B
lymphocytes in his immune system are stimulated to produce antibodies against cowpox
as well as smallpox. [1 A]
At the same time, some B lymphocytes become memory cells. [1 A]
If the boy is infected with smallpox, the existing memory cells can produce a large
amount of antibodies against smallpox in a short period of time. [1 A]
(d) Hepatitus B vaccine/DtaP-IPV Vaccine/MMR vaccine [2 A]
(e)

[2 A]

8. Figure A below shows a benign tumour:

Figure A
(a) What is structure X? (1 mark)
(b) How do the tumour cells obtain nutrients for growth? (1 mark)

Figure B below shows a malignant tumour:

 Figure B
(c) With reference to Figs. A and B, state two differences between a malignant
tumour and a benign tumour.
(4 marks)
(d) It is known that most cancer cells can spread to other sites of the body. Outline
how the cancer cells multiply and spread to other organs. (3 marks)

(a) fibrous capsule [1 A]

(b) through the surrounding blood vessels [1 A]
(c) Benign tumour is surrounded by a fibrous capsule. [1 A]
Malignant tumour is not surrounded by a fibrous capsule. [1 A]
Benign tumour does not invade nearby tissues. [1 A]
Malignant tumour invades nearby cells and tissues. [1 A]
(d) Cancer cells secrete chemicals to break through their surrounding tissues and enter the
blood or lymph. [1 A]
Cancer cells travel through the bloodstream to other organs. [1 A]
Some of them move out of the capillaries and multiply to form a new tumour.
[1 A]
9. The graph below shows the relationship between the blood cholesterol level and risk of
death from coronary heart disease:
 (a) What conclusion can be drawn from the graph about the relationship between the
total blood cholesterol level and the risk of death from coronary heart disease?
(2 marks)
(b) Suggest two functions of cholesterol in our body. (2 marks)
(c) Many studies found that high level of cholesterol in the blood contributes to the
formation of plaque. Outline the main steps of the formation and development of
plaque in a branch of the coronary artery that eventually leads to a heart attack.

(5 marks)
(d) Suggest two ways that can reduce the risk of getting coronary heart disease in
our everyday lives. (2 marks)

(a) As the total blood cholesterol level increases, [1 A]

the risk of death from coronary heart disease increases. [1 A]
(b) Cholesterol is an essential component of the cell membrane [1 A]
and certain sex hormones or steroid hormones. [1 A]
(c) With a high level of cholesterol in blood, [1 A]
cholesterol begins to build up on the inner lining of the coronary artery. [1 A]
More cholesterol and blood cells accumulate in the site, forming plaque. [1 A]
As the plaque becomes larger, the artery becomes constricted or even blocked.
[1 A]
Certain heart muscles may stop contracting or even die due to the lack of oxygen and
nutrients, leading to a heart attack. [1 A]
 (d) Exercise regularly. [1 A]
Having a diet low in saturated fat. [1 A]
(or other acceptable alternatives)

10. The diagram below shows the transverse section of a spinal cord:

(a) (i) Certain nervous actions do not involve the brain but involve the spinal cord.
Name this type of nervous action. (1 mark)
(ii) State two examples of the nervous action mentioned in (a)(i).(2 marks)
(b) State, with explanation, which part (P, Q and R) is damaged if a person
(i) can feel the heat of a hot object but cannot withdraw his hand even when he
is told to. (3 marks)
(ii) cannot feel the heat of a hot object and cannot withdraw his hand even
when he is told to. (3
marks)
(iii) cannot feel the heat of a hot object but is able to withdraw his hand when he
is requested to. (3 marks)

(a) (i) reflex action [1A]

(ii) knee jerk reflex [1A]
withdrawal reflex [1A]
(b) (i) Q [1A]
He can feel the heat since the sensory neurone is normal, allowing the transmission
of signals to the brain. [1A]
He cannot withdraw his hand because the motor neurone is damaged. [1A]
 (ii) R [1A]
He can neither feel the heat nor withdraw his hand because both the sensory
neurone and motor neurone are damaged. [1A]
No signals can be transmitted. [1A]
(iii) P [1A]
He cannot feel the heat because the sensory neurone is damaged. [1A]
He can withdraw his hand because the motor neurone is normal, allowing the
transmission of signal to the effector muscle. [1A]

11. The photomicrograph below shows the endings of a motor neurone on skeletal
muscles:

(a) Name structures X, Y and Z. (3 marks)

(b) Mitochondria are present in structure Z. What is the importance of these
mitochondria to structure Z? (2 marks)
(a) X: axon [1A]
Y: muscle fibre [1A]
Z: motor end plate [1A]
(b) To provide energy [1A]
for the synthesis of transmitter substance / neurotransmitter. [1A]

12. The figures below show parts of the human skeleton. Figure 2 is a magnified image of
a portion of the structure shown in figure 1:
 Figure 1 Figure 2

(a) As a whole, which structure of the human skeleton does figure 1 show?(1 mark)
(b) (i) What structure that belongs to the nervous system is present within
structure A? (1
mark)
(ii) What is the importance of structure A to the structure you answered in (i)?
(1 mark)
(c) (i) What is structure B? (1 mark)
(ii) State two functions of structure B. (2 marks)
(d) In figure 1, region C consists of larger bones. Suggest one reason for this.
(1 mark)
(a) vertebral column [1A]
(b) (i) spinal cord [1A]
(ii) Structure A is a vertebra of the vertebral column. It serves to protect the spinal
cord. [1A]
(c) (i) cartilage [1A]
(ii) Structure B acts as a shock absorber. [1A]
Structure B allows a small degree of movement. [1A]
(d) The large vertebrae in region C serve to support the greatest body mass when walking
 upright. [1A]

13. Susan went to do the blood glucose test this morning. Doctor had suggested that Susan
should cannot eat things before the test. After the test, Susan was diagnosed with the
type I diabetes.
(a) Explain why Susan should have the test without eating anything in the morning.
(2 marks)
(b) Apart from type I diabetes, there is also the type II diabetes. Explain how the
doctor knows that Susan is suffering with type I rather than type II diabetes.
(Hint: The main difference between type I and type II diabetes) (2 marks)
(c) Patients with type I diabetes usually have weight loss. Explain why it is so.
(2 marks)
(d) Explain why the doctor suggests Susan to eat starchy foods rather than food rich
in sugars. (2 marks)

(a) Susan should have the test without eating anything in the morning in order to eliminate
the effect of food eaten on the blood glucose level. [1A]
If the test still shows a high blood glucose level, the patient should have diabetes.
[1A]
(b) Type I diabetes is caused by the insufficient of the production of the insulin by the
pancreatic cells while type II diabetes is due to the inability of the liver cells to detect the
insulin. [1A]
The doctor can test for the insulin level in the blood. If the level is low, the patient should
have type I diabetes. [1A]
(c) The body cells cannot utilise the sugar. [1A]
The cells will use alternative sources such as proteins or fats for respiration (producing
energy), thus weight loss is caused. [1A]
(d) Starch is the complex form of carbohydrate that requires the enzyme to break it down to
form glucose in the process of digestion. [1A]
As a result, it can avoid the sudden increase of the glucose in blood as starch cannot be
directly absorbed into the bloodstream. [1A]