Jeep Reviewer poor excuse for a salesman," the manager said 14.

 Synecdoche: A figure of speech in which a part is

angrily. used to represent the whole. Example: Tina is
FIGURES OF SPEECH learning her ABC's in preschool.
8. Onomatopoeia: The use of words that imitate the
1. Alliteration: The repetition of an initial consonant sounds associated with the objects or actions they
sound. Example: She sells seashells by the seashore. refer to. Example: The clap of thunder went bang and
scared my poor dog. 15. Understatement: A figure of speech in which a
2. Assonance: Identity or similarity in sound between writer or speaker deliberately makes a situation seem
internal vowels in neighboring words. Example: How 9. Oxymoron: A figure of speech in which incongruous less important or serious than it is. Example: "You
now, brown cow? or contradictory terms appear side by side. could say Babe Ruth was a decent ballplayer," the
Example: "He popped the jumbo shrimp in his reporter said with a wink.
3. Euphemism: The substitution of an inoffensive mouth."
term for one considered offensively explicit. Example: CONJUNCTIONS
"We're teaching our toddler how to go potty," Bob 10. Paradox: A statement that appears to contradict What Are Conjunctions?
said. itself. Example: "This is the beginning of the end," -Conjunctions are words that link other words,
said Eeyore, always the pessimist. phrases, or clauses together.
4. Hyperbole: An extravagant statement; the use of
exaggerated terms for the purpose of emphasis or -Example: I like cooking and eating, but I don’t like
11. Personification: A figure of speech in which an washing dishes afterward. Sophie is clearly exhausted,
heightened effect. Example: I have a ton of things to inanimate object or abstraction is endowed with
do when I get home. yet she insists on dancing till dawn.
human qualities or abilities. Example: That kitchen
knife will take a bite out of your hand if you don't A. Coordinating Conjunctions
5. Irony: The use of words to convey the opposite of handle it safely. -Coordinating conjunctions allow you to join words,
their literal meaning. Also, a statement or situation
phrases, and clauses of equal grammatical rank in a
where the meaning is contradicted by the appearance 12. Pun: A play on words, sometimes on different sentence. The most common coordinating
or presentation of the idea. Example: "Oh, I love senses of the same word and sometimes on the conjunctions are for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so;
spending big bucks," said my dad, a notorious penny similar sense or sound of different words. Example: you can remember them by using the mnemonic
pincher. Jessie looked up from her breakfast and said, "A device FANBOYS.
boiled egg every morning is hard to beat." -Example: I’d like pizza or a salad for lunch. We
6. Metaphor: An implied comparison between two
needed a place to concentrate, so we packed up our
dissimilar things that have something in common. 13. Simile: A stated comparison (usually formed with
Example: "All the world's a stage." things and went to the library. Jesse didn’t have much
"like" or "as") between two fundamentally dissimilar
money, but she got by.
things that have certain qualities in common.
7. Metonymy: A figure of speech in a word or phrase Example: Roberto was white as a sheet after he (Notice the use of the comma when a coordinating
is substituted for another with which it's closely walked out of the horror movie. conjunction is joining two independent clauses.)
associated; also, the rhetorical strategy of describing
something indirectly by referring to things around it.
Example: "That stuffed suit with the briefcase is a
B. Correlative Conjunctions PREPOSITIONS Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect
-Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions
that work together. Some examples are either/or, A preposition is a word used to link nouns, I have read so I will have read at
I had read at least
neither/nor, and not only/but also. pronouns, or phrases to other words within a many books I least 500 books by
100 books by the
-Example: Not only am I finished studying for English, sentence. They act to connect the people, objects, can’t keep the end of the
time I was twelve.
but I’m also finished writing my history essay. I am time and locations of a sentence.  Prepositions are count. year.
finished with both my English essay and my history usually short words, and they are normally placed
essay. directly in front of nouns. In some cases, you’ll find Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect
prepositions in front of gerund verbs. Continuous Continuous Continuous
C. Subordinating Conjunctions I had been I will have been
I have been
-Subordinating conjunctions join independent and A nice way to think about prepositions is as the words reading for at reading for at
reading since I
dependent clauses. A subordinating conjunction can that help glue a sentence together. They do this by least a year before least two hours
was four years
signal a cause-and-effect relationship, a contrast, or expressing position and movement, possession, time my sister learned before dinner
old.
some other kind of relationship between the clauses. and how an action is completed. to read. tonight.
Common subordinating conjunctions are because,
since, as, although, though, while, and whereas. Indeed, several of the most frequently used words in
Sometimes an adverb, such as until, after, or before all of English, such as of, to, for, with, on and at, are
can function as a conjunction. prepositions. Explaining prepositions can seem
-Example: I can stay out until the clock strikes twelve. complicated, but they are a common part of language
and most of us use them naturally without even
thinking about it.
List of Conjunctions
1. Coordinating Conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or, VERB TENSES
yet, so
Simple Present Simple Past Simple Future
2. Correlative Conjunctions: both/and, either/or,
neither/nor, not only/but, whether/or I will read as
I read nearly Last night, I read much as I can this
3. Subordinating Conjunctions: after, although, as, as every day. an entire novel. year.
if, as long as, as much as, as soon as, as though,
because, before, by the time, even if, even though, if, Present Future
Past Continuous
in order that, in case, in the event that, lest , now Continuous Continuous
that, once, only, only if, provided that, since, so,
supposing, that, than, though, till, unless, until, when, I am reading I was reading I will be reading
whenever, where, whereas, wherever, whether or Shakespeare at Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel
the moment. last night. Hawthorne soon.
not, while