1) SILO SKETCH

1 β 2.8 m

8.0 m

30.0 m 9.0 m 31.1 m

2

3 6.9 m

α
29.0 m

22.1 m

2) DESIGN DATA
Silo Diameter D = 8 m
Shell Height h = 30 m
Silo Beam ring /legs Length HL = 29 m
Product Height hmat. = 9.0 m
Hopper Angle α = 60 o

Bulk density of Material γ = 1631 kg/m3 16.00 kN/m3

Intenral friction angle ￠ = 20 o

Angle of wall friction δ=￠*1.0 = 17 o

Wall friction μ=tanδ = 0.305731

Filling angle (Angle of nature repose),β = 35 o

Silo Dameter D = 8 m
Silo Perimeter π* D = 25.1 m
Cross-Section area of Silo A = 50.265482 m2
Hydraluic radius Rw = D/4 = 2 m
Pressure coeff. k=(1-sin￠)/(1+sin￠) = 0.490
Height of material cone hm=hc/3 = 2.80 m
over Material C.G c.g = 0.93 m
Conical Part Depth hcone = 6.9282032 m

3) SILO CAPACITY
V1 = π * D2 * hm/12 = V1 = 46.92836 m3
v2 = π * D2 * h /4 = V2 = 452.3893 m3
v3 = π * D * hcone/12 =
2
V3 = 116.0832 m3
Net Volume =V2+V3 Vnet = 568.4725 m3
Silo Capacity Capacity = 927.1786498289 Ton
4) SILO PRESSURES (Mass Flow ,Deep Bin)
SILO SHELL
Lateral static Pressure :Janssen,s Ph =γRw(1-U)/μ U =e-μkz/Rw

Vertical Pressure Pv =Ph/K

Friction Force q =(Y Z -0.8 PV)*A/π* D

Over pressure due to filling & Dischareg Cd

Design Lateral Pressure Phd = cd *Ph

Design Vertical Pressure Pvd = Cd *Pv

Design Friction Pressure qd = Cd *qd

SILO HOPPER
Normal Pressure on Hopper Pa = Ph sin2 α +PV cos2 α
Design Normal Pressure on Hopper Pad = cd *Pa

SILO SHELL
Course
Ph Pv
No. U thk-
Depth -Z Kn/m2 KN/m2 q Pvd Phd q mm
(m) KN/m2 Cd KN/m2 KN/m2 KN/m2 W,t-kg
1 3 0.80 21.08 42.99 27.22 1.30 55.88 27.40 35.39 6 3551.25634
2 6 0.64 37.91 77.32 68.29 1.30 100.51 49.28 88.78 6 7102.51267
3 9 0.51 51.35 104.74 120.43 1.30 136.16 66.76 156.55 6 10653.769
4 15 0.32 70.66 144.12 249.41 1.50 216.18 105.99 374.12 6 17756.2817
5 30 0.11 93.62 190.95 654.49 1.55 295.97 145.11 1014.46 6 35512.5634
6 - - - - - - - - - -
7
1200.00 - - - - - - - - - -
8
1000.00
- - - - - - - - - Pa-
9 - - - - - - - 40.0 - - -
10
800.00 - - - - - - - 35.0 - - -
30.0
HOPPER 25.0 74576.38
600.00 phd
20.0
No. U
Ph Pv Pa pvd Pad qad Pa
400.00 Depth Z Kn/m2 KN/m2 KN/m2 qdCd KN/m15.0
2
KN/m3
(m) 10.0
200.00 5.0
1 29.0 0.11 92.76 189.19 116.87 1.30 151.93 46.45
0.0
2
0.00 32.5 0.09 95.48 194.75 120.30 1.30 156.39150.0047.81
152.00 154.00 156.00 158.00 160.00 162.00
3 0 35.9 2 0.074 6
97.58 8
199.03 10
122.94 12
1.30 159.83 48.86
5) DESIGN OF THE VERTICAL STIFFENERS
DESIGN HORIZONTAL PRESSURE
Static Radius
silo Diameter r = 4 m
Roof Live load LL = 125.0 kg/m2

Roof Live load LL = 6283.2 kg

Roof Plate thickness tr = 6.0 mm
Strcture weight SL = 1000.0 kg

Roof DL DL = 2367.5 kg
No.of vertical stiffeners NO = 10.0
Weight of Shell supported by columns Ws = 74576 kg
Total w,t U = 84227 kg
Total Roof Loads @ Shell Load Wt = 16.44 kN/m2 1676.2 kg/m2
Lateral Pressure
Max .Lateral Pr. at depth Z(m) 9.0 m Pi = 0.07 Mpa 6807.2 kg/m2
Distrbuited Load on Vertical Stiffener W = 20034 N/m
Height of Silo shell at 9.0 m 3.0 m
Mb(Max.Bending Moment ) =W*L2/10 Mb = 18030.32 N-m 18030317 N-mm

L 3 m< 4.5m Mb
4

2
1

Phd

b b
2.54 m 2.54 m
Vertical Stiffener
HEA 360 be ts
H 240 mm x x
S 10 mm
t 6 mm
w 180 mm t H
h
h 220 mm
As 4920 mm2 s
be 256 mm
b 2541 mm Ok W
ts 8 mm
K 1.0
Lcr. 3000.0 mm
r 10.4 cm
 Sec. Size Area-(A) x AX AX2 Ig = bh /12 3

b * h cm2 cm cm3 cm4 cm4

1 18 * 1 18 24.3 437.4 10628.82 1.5
2 0.6 * 22 13.2 12.8 168.96 2162.688 532.4
3 18 * 1 18 1.3 23.4 30.42 1.5
4 25.6 * 0.8 20.48 0.4 8.192 3.2768 1.09226666666667
Σ (total) 24.8 69.68 637.952 12825.205 536.492266666667
Xg = ΣAx / ΣA = 9.16 cm
c = Σ LT (h)- Xg = 15.64 cm
Ix =ΣIg + ΣAx² - [(ΣAx)²/ΣA] 7521 cm4
Z = Ix / c = 480.74 cm3 480739.9 mm3
ơb =Mb/Z = 37.51 Mpa
ơall. =0.6 *ơy = 150 Mpa safe
5) DESIGN OF THE VERTICAL STIFFENERS
DESIGN SUPPORTED FRICTION PRESSURE
Friction Pressure
Friction pressure at 9.0 m q = 0.1565525 Mpa 15964 kg/m2
λ1 = is selndreness ratio of stiffener and shell λ1 = 28.88 mm
λ2 = 20 (r/ts)0.5 λ2 = 113.13708 mm
λ = 28 mm
Weight of Shell @ Roof Loads Wr = 1676.2168 kg/m2
Horizontal spacing between stiffeners b = 2.54 m
Vertical Spacing between stiffeners Lcr. = 3 m
Average Area / Vertical Column Ac = 5.54 m2
Total Compressive Loads = q+Wr WT = 17640.131 kg/m2
Self wight of column Wm = 1159 kg/m
Force /col. =WT *Ac /N WTC = 44534.643 kg
Load /Column W = 14844.881 kg/m
Compressive force on Main Beam = 44535 kg
Radius of Gyration = 103.89209 mm
Selndrness ratio , R =kL/r = 28.88
Cc =Beam Selenderness Ratio = SQRT (2 ∏^2 x E / Fy ) = 125.3
Where :
E=Modulus of Elasticity for Column material at design tempreature 199000 Mpa
Fy= Yield stress for cloumns material at design tempreature 250 Mpa
Fs = Factor Safety = 2.1
Since R 28.9
Using AISC specification Formulas Section E 2 , let K=1
R 28.9 Since KL/r < Cc : eq(1) >>>>>>>Applicable
Allowable Compressive Stress , Fa
Fa =(([1-R^2/(2*Cc^2)]*FY)/F.S) Fa 115.9 Mpa--------------(1)
Fa =(12 π^2*E)/(23 * R^2) = Fa 1228.9 Mpa--------------(2)
Beam Cross section Area 4920 mm2
Allowable Bending stress 116 Mpa
Compressive stress , fc =C/A 88.8 Mpa >>>>>Safe
Actual Bending stress fb 37.51 Mpa
Allowable compressive stress Fa 115.9 Mpa
Actual Compressive stress fc 88.8 Mpa
Sum.actual stresses to allowable should be less than 1
fb / Fb + fc/Fc < 1 1.09 >>>>>>Not -ok
Max.Stress at top Flange =fb+fc 126.30 Mpa (comp.)
Max.Stress at BottomFlange =fc-fb 51.29 Mpa (Tension)
Horizontal stiffeners
6) Allowable Tensile stress =0.55 yield stress 137.50 Mpa

Depth -Z Ph Phd F Hoop A s.req,d

No. U
Kn/m2
Cd Status
(m) KN/m2 KN/m mm2
1 3 0.80 21.08 1.35 28.45 113.8103 827.71105 Pass
2 6 0.64 37.91 1.40 53.07 212.2853 1543.893 Pass
3 9 0.51 51.35 1.45 74.46 297.8351 2166.0735 Pass
4 12 0.41 62.09 1.50 93.13 372.521 2709.2435 Pass
5 15 0.32 70.66 1.55 109.52 438.0981 3186.1681 Pass
6 - - - - - - - Fail.
7 - - - - - - - Fail.
8 - - - - - - - Fail.
9 - - - - - - - Fail.
10 - - - - - - - Fail.
7) Hopper Pressure Loads

Pa Phd th
Ph Pv Pad T2
No. Depth Z U Cd 2
б Mpa
Kn/m2 KN/m2 KN/m2 KN/m H

(m) KN/m 2 KN/m mm

1 29.0 0.11 92.76 189.19 116.87 2.03 188.30 237.24 753.20 125.53
2 30.6 0.10 94.14 192.00 118.60 1.515 142.61 179.68 570.46 6 95.08
3 32.3 0.09 95.35 194.48 120.13 1 95.35 120.13 381.41 63.57

α = 60 o

Wc W1 T1 tL
No. Depth hz kg KN KN/m б L
Mpa
(m) R1 m mm

1 29.0 800 9103.471 3.9 428.975 53.62

2 30.6 400 9099.547 2.5 668.912 8 83.61
3 32.3 150 9097.094 1.5 1114.55 139.32

W = Total wight of Materials

Wc = cone steel weight
W1 = W+Wc

SO Thickness of Hopper is 8.00 mm

Wind calculations (UBC)

EXP C
Wind speed 150 km/hr 120 mph
Importnce Factor I 1.15
Gust Factor Ce 1.6
Pressure Coeff. Factor Cq = 0.8
qs 36.9 PSf

Wind Pressure P =Ce Cq qs I