‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ‪-‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ ‪٢٠١١-‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺒﺭﺓ ﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻷﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺒﺭﺓ‬
‫‪ASSESSMENT OF POWER SYSTEM TRANSIENT STABILTY BY TSM‬‬
‫‪METHOD‬‬

‫*‬
‫ﻤﺠﻠﻲ ﻨﻌﻤﺔ ﺤﻭﺍﺱ ﺍﻝﺨﺯﺭﺠﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﻴﻌﺭﺽ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻷﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺒﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻤﻜﺎﺌﻥ ﺤﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻻﻀﻁﺭﺍﺏ‪ .‬ﺘﻡ ﺘﺨﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺒﺭﺓ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺠﺔ ﻭﺘﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﺌﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻰ ﻤﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﻭﺼﻠﻪ ﺍﻝﻰ ﻋﻤﻭﻤﻲ ﻻﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ ﻝﺘﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺒﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻤﻜﺎﺌﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﻁﺭﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺸﻜل ﺴﺭﻴﻊ ﻭﺒﺩﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻨﺴﻴﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻤل‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻡ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﺨﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺒﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻡ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺤـﺼﻠﻪ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘـﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺨﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺒﺭﺓ ﻤﻊ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﺨﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﺠـﺎل ﺍﻻﺴـﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌـﺎﺒﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺴﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﺤﻭل ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺒﺭﺓ ﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪Abstract:‬‬

‫‪The paper present the determination of the transient stability margin (TSM) of‬‬
‫‪critically disturbed machines, for a given contingency, for real-time applications.‬‬
‫‪(TSM) was predicted based on Extended Equal-Area criterion (EEAC) in the selection‬‬
‫‪of critical machine and simplified the multi machine system to determine (TSM) for‬‬
‫‪disturbed machine quickly without running a load flow program.‬‬
‫‪The method has been tested on a standard test system and the obtained result are‬‬
‫‪compared with the benchmark results. The simulation result show that the method can‬‬
‫‪provide reliable precise, and quick information about the transient stability margin of a‬‬
‫‪power system.‬‬
‫~‬ ‫
 از‪:‬‬
‫‪ : δ‬زاو‪ 1‬اوار > ا
‪8‬ى ا
'‪ +-‬ا
‪
+‬‬
‫? ا
'آ ااوي‪.‬‬
‫‪Ei‬‬
‫‪ : s‬ز&‪ A‬ا@‪. . ! ،4‬‬
‫‪T‬‬ ‫‪ :‬ا  اا  
آ ر ‪. i‬‬
‫‪E‬‬
‫‪ <- : t‬ا‪ &
+‬ا‪ ،; <.B‬و‪9‬ة ‪. 78.‬‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪ : j‬ا  اا  
آ ر ‪. j‬‬
‫‪ : ω‬إ‪'@.‬اف ا‪ '8‬ااو‪0. ،1‬‬ ‫‪  ! : H‬م ار اا ‪ % & ،‬واط ‪.‬‬
‫‪. . !/1'3‬‬ ‫‪ : J‬م ار اا‪ ،‬آ ('ام‪.٢'&.‬‬
‫‪ :‬ا‪ '8‬ااو‪ F1‬ا@‪/ 1'3 0. ، E‬‬
‫‪ωi‬‬ ‫‪ : M‬ا‪+‬م ااوي‪- ،‬ل‪/ . !.‬زاو‪0. 1‬‬
‫! ‪. .‬‬ ‫‪.1'3‬‬

‫‪ :‬ا‪ '8‬اا& ‪.F . ! / 1'3 0. ،‬‬

‫‪ωs‬‬ ‫‪ : Pa‬رة ا‪ ، 4 5+‬و‪9‬ة ‪. 78.‬‬
‫‪Pe‬‬
‫‪ :‬ارة ا‪  ; '<%‬ا‪ :‬ر‪ ،-‬و‪9‬ة ‪. 78.‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﺴﺘﻼﻡ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ‪، ٢٠٠٨/٧/٢١‬ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻗﺒﻭل ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ‪. ٢٠١١/٥/٤‬‬
‫*‬
‫ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ ‪ /‬ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫‪٩٦‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ‪-‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ ‪٢٠١١-‬‬

‫‪ : ω c‬ا‪ '8‬ااو‪ E@ 1‬إزا ا‪0. ،G3:‬‬ ‫‪ :‬ارة ا

‪  % . %‬اا‪ ،F‬و‪9‬ة ‪. 78.‬‬
‫‪Pm‬‬
‫‪. . ! / 1'3‬‬ ‫‪Tc‬‬
‫‪ :‬ز&‪ A‬ازا ا‪. . !،G3:‬‬
‫‪ M  & : X‬ا‪ ،4‬و‪9‬ة ‪.F 78.‬‬
‫‪ : δ o‬زاو‪ 1‬اوار ا‪ H‬ا;  ‪.1'3 0. ،‬‬
‫‪ : Xd‬ا
  ا‪' +‬ة‪ ،‬و‪9‬ة ‪.F 78.‬‬
‫
 ا ات ‪-:‬‬ ‫‪ : δ i‬زاو‪ 1‬اوار 
آ ر‪ > i‬ا
‪+& &E‬دة‬
‫‪ 5& : TSM‬ل ا‪'QH‬ار‪ 1‬ا‪' +‬ة‪.‬‬ ‫ا
‪.1'3 0. ،A; %‬‬
‫‪ 8 1'U : EEAC‬وي ا
‪ 9 8‬ت ا
‪.+Q‬‬
‫‪ : δ i‬زاو‪ 1‬اوار ا‪.1'3 0. ،?
E+‬‬
‫‪u‬‬

‫‪A‬‬
‫‪ 9 8& : acc‬ا‪.4 5+‬‬
‫‪ : Gii‬ا
ا‪ J‬اا   ا‪ 3‬اا  
آ‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫‪ 9 8& : dec‬ا‪.WU 7‬‬ ‫ر ‪.i‬‬
‫‪ :CCT‬ز&‪ A‬ا‪Y‬زا ا@'ج‪. . ! ،‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬
‫‪ : COA‬ا
‪8‬ى ا
'‪ +-‬ا
‪'& ? 
+‬آ‬ ‫‪& : ij‬ا‪ J‬ا‪ .H‬ل ‪ A‬ا
آ ‪ i A‬و ‪.j‬‬
‫ااو‪.1‬‬ ‫‪δ‬‬
‫‪ : ij‬زاو‪ 1‬اوار ‪ A‬ا
آ ‪ i A‬و ‪0. ،j‬‬
‫‪ :KE‬ا‪  3‬ا@'آ ‪- ،‬ل ‪/ 1'3 0. .‬‬ ‫‪.1'3‬‬
‫! ‪. .‬‬ ‫‪df‬‬

‫‪ 1'U : S.B.S‬ا‪3:‬ة – ‪3‬ة أو ا‪1'3‬‬ ‫‪ : Pe‬ارة ا‪  ; '<%‬ا‪ :‬ر‪ -‬أ! ء ا‪، G3:‬‬
‫ا ‪.1‬‬ ‫و‪9‬ة ‪. 78.‬‬
‫‪pf‬‬
‫‪ : Pe‬ارة ا‪  ; '<%‬ا‪ :‬ر‪ + -‬أزا‬
‫ا‪ ،G3:‬و‪9‬ة ‪. 78.‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺒﺭﺓ ﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﻪ ﺘﺠﻬﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﻪ ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﻪ ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻜﺒﺭ ﺯﻤﻥ ﻴـﺴﻤﺢ ﺒـﻪ ﻷﻱ ﺃﻀـﻁﺭﺍﺏ‬
‫ﻤﻔﺎﺠﺊ )‪ (sudden disturbance‬ﻤﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻔﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﻪ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻥ ﻴﺩﻋﻰ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻁل ﺍﻝﺤـﺭﺝ‬
‫)‪[ ٢،١ ] .(Critical Fault Cleaning Time‬‬
‫ﻭﻝﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ‪ CCT‬ﺯﻤﻥ ﺇﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻁل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺝ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﻨﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸـﺭﺓ ﺤﻴـﺙ‬
‫ﺘﻤﺘﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻰ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻜﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﺤل ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻤﻤـﺎ ﻴﻘﻠـل ﺍﻝﻭﻗـﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻡ ﻝﻠﺤﻜﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ] ‪[ ٤،٣‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ )‪ (Equal Area Criterion‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘـﻭﺍﺯﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻝﺩ ﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﻭﻤﻥ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺃﺤﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﺌﻥ ﻭﺘﻭﺴﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﺌﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨـﻼل‬
‫ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺒﺭﺓ )‪ Transient Stabiltiy Margin (TSM‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺴﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍل ‪ TSM‬ﻝﻠﻤﻜﺎﺌﻥ ﺤﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻷﻀﻁﺭﺍﺏ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ] ‪[ ٦،٥‬‬
‫ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﺠﺢ ‪:Swing Equation‬‬

‫ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺩﻴﻨﺎﻤﻜﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻝﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺎﺘﻲ ] ‪:[ ٧،٢،١‬‬

‫‪d 2δ i‬‬
‫‪Mi‬‬ ‫)‪= Pmi − Pei ...(i = 1,2,..., n‬‬ ‫)‪...(1‬‬
‫‪dt 2‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻝﺩﺍﺕ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺘﻌﻁﻰ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻷﺘﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪٩٧‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ‪-‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ ‪٢٠١١-‬‬

‫‪n‬‬
‫)‪Pei = E i Gii + ∑ E i E j Bij sin(δ i − δ j ) ... (i = 1,2,..., n‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪...(2‬‬
‫‪i =1‬‬
‫‪j ≠1‬‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ )‪ (MATLAB‬ﻨﻜﺭﺭ ﺘﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﻀﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ )‪ (١‬ﻝﻜل ﻤﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺨﻼل ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻁل ﻭﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﺯﺍﻝﺘﻪ ﻭﺘﻌﺎﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻜل ﺯﻤﻥ ﻋﻁل )‪ (fault clearing time‬ﺜﻡ ﻴﻨﻅـﺭ ﺍﻝـﻰ‬
‫ﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﺌﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺍﺭ – ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻥ ﻓﺄﻥ ﺃﺤﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﺌﻥ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﺘﺄﺭﺠﺤﺕ ﺤـﻭل‬
‫ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻴﻪ ‪ δ o‬ﻓﺄﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﺭﺠﺢ ﻴﻀﻤﺤل ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻋﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﺘﺨﻤﻴﺩ ﺃﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﺯﺍﻴﺩ ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝـﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻝﻤﺎﻜﻨـﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻓﺄﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﺌﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺇﻀﻁﺭﺍﺏ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻓﻘﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺘـﺯﺍﻤﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻘـﺩﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪[٤،٣،٢،١ ].‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺒﺭﺓ )‪:[٩،٨،٧] Transient Stability Margin (TSM‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺘﻭﺴﻴﻊ ﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﺌﻥ ﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻨﻁـﺎﻕ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺠـﺎل ﺍﻷﺴـﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺒﺭﻩ )‪ (TSM‬ﻝﻠﻤﻜﺎﺌﻥ ﺤﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﺭﺠﺢ ﻝﻠﻤﺎﻜﻨﺔ ‪ i‬ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻜﺎﺌﻨﻬﺎ ‪ n‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﺯﺍﻭﻱ‬
‫‪ Center Of Angle‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫‪dδ i‬‬
‫‪= ωi‬‬ ‫)‪...(3‬‬
‫‪dt‬‬
‫‪Mi‬‬
‫‪ωi = ( Pmi − Pei −‬‬ ‫‪PCOA ) M i‬‬ ‫)‪...(4‬‬
‫‪MT‬‬
‫‪Where‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫‪MT = ∑Mi‬‬
‫‪i =1‬‬
‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫‪PCOA = ∑ Pmi − ∑ Pei‬‬
‫‪i =1‬‬

‫ﻨﻔﺘﺭﺽ ﺤﺼﻭل ﺍﻀﻁﺭﺍﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ i‬ﻫﻲ ﻤﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺝ‬
‫)‪ (Marginally stability critical machine‬ﺍﻱ ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﺄﺭﺠﺢ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻝﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ ‪ δ io‬ﺍﻝﻰ ﻨﻘﻁﺔ ﻋﺩﻡ‬
‫‪u‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ ‪ ، δ‬ﺸﻜل )‪(١‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫‪i‬‬

‫‪ω i (to ) = ω i ( t ) = 0‬‬

‫‪u‬‬
‫)‪...(5‬‬

‫‪tu‬‬ ‫‪tu‬‬
‫‪Mi‬‬
‫‪M i ∫ ωdt = ∫ ( Pmi − Pei‬‬ ‫‪PCOA )dt = 0‬‬ ‫)‪...(6‬‬
‫‪to‬‬ ‫‪to‬‬
‫‪Mt‬‬

‫)‪P(MW‬‬

‫‪Peio‬‬
‫‪Pmi‬‬
‫‪٩٨‬‬
 ٢٠١١- ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬/ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ‬-‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ‬

Peipf
Adec
Aacc
Peidf

δ (deg.)
δ io δ ic δ iu

‫( ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ‬١) ‫ﺸﻜل‬

CDE FGH ω i ‫( @ـ‬6) 34‫د‬6784‫ ا‬:;<= ‫و@?<ب‬

ωi ( tu ) δ i ( tc ) δ i ( tc )
Mi
ω
∫ ω i dω =
δ
∫ ( Pmi − Peidf )dδ i +
δ
∫ (P mi − Peipf )dδ i = 0 ....(7)
i ( to ) i ( to ) i ( to )
δ i ( tu ) δ i ( tu )

δ
∫ ( Pmi − Peidf )dδ i = −
δ
∫ (P mi − Peipf )dδ i ....(8)
i ( tc ) i ( tc )

‫ ان‬LMH
Mi
Peidf = Peidf + PCOA
MT
Mi
Peipf = Peidf + PCOA
MT
Aacc = Adec ....(9)

::V6W 6R (2) FOP4‫ ا‬QR SHTU

∆Aacc = ( Pmi − P )(δ − δ ) − ( P − P )(δ − δ )
o
mi i
t
i
0 0
mi
df
ei i
c
i
t

∆Aacc = S1 − S4
∆Adec = ( Peipf − Pmio )(δ ic − δ it ) − ( Pmi − Peio )(δ iu − δ ic )
∆Adec = S 3 − S2

P(MW)

Peio

Peipf
Adec
S3
Pmi
S1 S5 S2
Pmio
Aacc S4

٩٩
δ (deg .)
δ io δ it δ ic δ iu
 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ‪-‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ ‪٢٠١١-‬‬

‫‪Peidf‬‬

‫‪∆Aacc = ∆Adec‬‬ ‫ا;<ض‬

‫‪S1 - S4 = S3 – S2‬‬ ‫أذن‬
‫‪S1 + S2 + S5 = S3 + S4 + S5‬‬ ‫أو‬
‫‪ LMH‬أن‬
‫‪( Pmi − P )(δ − δ ) = ( P‬‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫‪mi‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪u‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪pf‬‬
‫) ‪ei (δ c‬‬ ‫‪−P‬‬‫‪df‬‬
‫) ‪ei (δ c‬‬ ‫) ‪)(δ − δ‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪c‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫)‪...(10‬‬

‫‪6bc4‬ب ) ‪ (δ it‬ا;<ض أن ا‪k4‬وار ‪ijW‬ر‪ fg‬إ‪ C4‬ا‪d4‬او‪ :; 3Ml<R <Mm (δ itl ) 3W‬ا‪ krE (٢) FOP4‬ز‪ QR‬إزا‪<H 34‬ج ‪6bW‬وي ‪ t‬و‬
‫‪6bW ∆Pmi‬وي ~<ًا ‪ }cV‬ه{‪ z‬ا‪<y4‬وف ‪ً<wU‬ا @‪ 38Ms 34tub‬ا‪d4‬او‪ QR (δ it ) 3W‬ا‪ FM…Pj4‬ا„@‪kj‬ا‪ ‚R6U<ƒ4 :l‬ا€‪<wj‬ار‪3W‬‬
‫ا‪<@674‬ة و‪ QO4‬آ† ‪tOV‬ن ‪fƒGV {lkrE ∆Pmi ≠0 346H :; (δ it ) 38Ms‬‬
‫‪(δ it ) = (δ itl ) + ∆δ i‬‬ ‫)‪...(11‬‬
‫‪1 ∆Pmi 2‬‬
‫= ‪∆δ i‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫)‪...(12‬‬
‫‪2 Mi‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺒﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺒﻲ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺒﺭﺓ ﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﺌﻥ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺨﻤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻝﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻤل ﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻨﺴﻴﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻤل‪ .‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﺨﻤـﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺒﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻤﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺠﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ i‬ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ )‪ (t‬ﻨﺤﺩﺩ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﻝﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﻤﻌﻁﻰ ﻨﻁﺒﻕ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻴﺔ )‪ (E.A.C‬ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﺌﻥ ﻭﻨﺨﻤﻥ ﺍﻋﻅﻡ ﻗـﺩﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺨﺎﺭﺠﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻱ ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ )ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺠﻌل ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﻷﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﻁﺎﺭﺌﺔ ﻭﺯﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﻴﻥ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻨﺘﺎﻜﺩ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻋﻅﻡ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﻤﺨﻤﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺓ ﺍﻻﻭﻝﻰ ﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻡ ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺓ ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻤﺤﺎﻜﺎﺓ ﺯﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻼ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤل ﻜﺎﻤ ﹰ‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﻨﻌﻤل ﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺠﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﻌﻁﻰ ﺒﺎﻝﺨﻁﻭﺓ ﺍﻻﻭﻝﻰ ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﻨﺤﺴﺏ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺄ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻻﺘﻴﺔ‪-:‬‬

‫ز‪ QR‬ا„زا‪ 34‬ا‪<c4‬ج ا‪ – CCTe‰stj84‬ز‪ QR‬ا„زا‪ 34‬ا‪<c4‬ج ا„‪CCT* :D‬‬

‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺄ=‬
‫ز‪ QR‬ا‹زا‪ 34‬ا‪<c4‬ج ا‪CCT* :D‬‬

‫‪١٠٠‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ‪-‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ ‪٢٠١١-‬‬

‫وآ‪ QMƒV 68‬ا‪ :; ‚l6jr4‬ا‪kŒ4‬و‪ (١) QM4‬و )‪.(٢‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺃﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺘﺨﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺒﺭﺓ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪( Peipf(tc + ) − Peidf( tc − ) )(δ ic − δ itl‬‬
‫= ‪∆Pmi‬‬
‫‪δ iu − δ io + (( Peipf(t‬‬ ‫) ‪c+‬‬
‫‪− Peidf(tc − ) ) (2 M i ))t 2‬‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺒﺭﺓ ﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﺌﻥ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﺨﻤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻭﺍﺯﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻝﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻤل ﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻨﺴﻴﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻤل‪ .‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﺨﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺒﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺠﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ‪ i‬ﻭ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺇﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭﻩ )‪ (t‬ﻨﺤﺩﺩ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (١‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻻﻭﻝﻴﺔ ﺤﺴﺏ‬
‫ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﻴﺔ )‪ ، (s1‬ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺄ ﻴﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ‪،‬‬

‫ز‪ QR‬ا‹زا‪ 34‬ا‪<c4‬ج ا‪ – CCT* :D‬ز‪ QR‬ا‹زا‪ 34‬ا‪<c4‬ج ‪CCT‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺨﻁﺄ =‬

‫ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺝ ﺍﻷﺼﻠﻲ *‪CCT‬‬

‫ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (٢‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺘﺨﻤﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﻴﺔ )‪ .(S1‬ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺄ ﻴﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ‪،‬‬

‫ز‪ QR‬ا‹زا‪ 34‬ا‪<c4‬ج ا‪ – CCTe ‰stj84‬ز‪ QR‬ا‹زا‪ 34‬ا‪<c4‬ج ا„‪CCT* :D‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺨﻁﺄ =‬
‫ز‪ QR‬ا‹زا‪ 34‬ا‪<c4‬ج ا‪CCT* :D‬‬

‫ا‪kƒ4‬ا‪3W‬‬

‫‪<s‬اءة @‪6U6M‬ت ا‪ 3OƒP4‬وا‪Ql6O84‬‬

‫‪6bH‬ب ا‪ †Mw4‬ا@‪kj‬ا‪3OƒPD4 3Ml‬‬

‫وا‪Ql6O84‬‬

‫ه‪67W F‬د ‪FM…PV‬‬ ‫‪†7U‬‬

‫@<‪ ‚R6U‬ا‪3M@6MbU‬‬ ‫„‬
‫‪†7U‬‬
‫ا‪F8c4‬؟‬ ‫‪Pm≠0.0‬‬

‫„‬

‫‪tV‬ازن ا‪<M…j4‬ات ;‪ :‬ا‪ kM4tj4‬او‬ ‫ا‘‪ 3;6‬ا‪ <M…j4‬ا‪6U6M@ C4‬ت ا‪١٠١ 3OƒP4‬‬
‫ا„‪68H‬ل‬ ‫وا‪Ql6O84‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ‪-‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ ‪٢٠١١-‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (١‬ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﻴﺔ )‪(S1‬‬

‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺄ‪%‬‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻨﺴﻴﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻤل )ﻤﻴﻜﺎﻭﺍﻁ(‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ‬
‫‪ CCT‬ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺼﻠﻲ *‪)CCT‬ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ(‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪٠,٤٤‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺼﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻝﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ‪١‬‬

‫‪٠,٠‬‬ ‫‪٠,٣٦‬‬ ‫‪٠,٣٦‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫) ‪11 = ( ∆Pg 1‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻝﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ‪١‬‬
‫) ‪11 = ( ∆Pg 1‬‬
‫‪٠,٠‬‬ ‫‪٠,٣٨‬‬ ‫‪٠,٣٨‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻤل ﺭﻗﻡ ‪٦‬‬
‫‪0.8 = ∆PL 6‬‬

‫‪١٠٢‬‬
 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ‪-‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ ‪٢٠١١-‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (٢‬ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺘﺨﻤﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻹﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﻴﺔ )‪.(S1‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻝﺘﺨﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻷﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﺨﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﻭل ﻝﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻥ‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻁﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺄ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻨﻁﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻝﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪%‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻝﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺒﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺼﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺒﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺼﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪CCT‬‬ ‫)‪(TSM‬‬ ‫*‪CCT‬‬ ‫‪CCT‬‬ ‫)‪(TSM‬‬
‫‪%‬‬ ‫)ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ(‬ ‫ﻤﻴﻜﺎ ﻭﺍﻁ‬ ‫)ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ(‬ ‫ﻤﻴﻜﺎ ﻭﺍﻁ‬
‫*‪CCT‬‬ ‫)ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ(‬
‫)ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ(‬ ‫)ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ(‬
‫‪٠,٠‬‬ ‫‪٠,٢١‬‬ ‫‪٠,٢١‬‬ ‫‪-٤٨‬‬ ‫‪-٠,٩‬‬ ‫‪٠,٢٣‬‬ ‫‪٠,٢٣‬‬ ‫‪-٥٤‬‬ ‫‪٠,٢١‬‬
‫‪-٠,٢٦‬‬ ‫‪٠,٣٩‬‬ ‫‪٠,٣٠‬‬ ‫‪-٣٢‬‬ ‫‪-٠,٩‬‬ ‫‪٠,٣٤‬‬ ‫‪٠,٣٤‬‬ ‫‪-٣٩‬‬ ‫‪٠,٣١‬‬
‫‪٠,٠‬‬ ‫‪٠,٥١‬‬ ‫‪٠,٥٨‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪٠,٣٩‬‬ ‫‪٠,٤٩‬‬ ‫‪٠,٤٩‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫‪٠,٥١‬‬

‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺒﺭﺓ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﻭﺓ – ﺨﻁﻭﺓ )‪ (S.B.S‬ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﻭﻁﺭﻴﻘـﺔ ﺘﺨﻤـﻴﻥ ﻤﺠـﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺒﺭﺓ )‪) (TSM‬ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﻝﻤﻜﺎﺌﻥ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ( ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺘـﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤـﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺘﺨﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺒﺭﺓ )‪ (TSM‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺫﺍﺕ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺯﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺯﺍﻝﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺝ ‪ CCT‬ﻭﺍﻝﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻐﺭﻕ ﻝﻠﺤل ﻭﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺠﺯ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﻝﻠﺨﺯﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺴﻬﻭﻝﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺒﺴﺎﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻭﻨﻠﺨﺹ ﻤﻤﻴﺯﺍﺕ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍل )‪ (TSM‬ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻻﺘﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻝﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺒﺎﻱ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ ﻭﺒﺄﻱ ﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺘﺎﺨﺫ ﺒﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺼل ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ‪ ∆Pm ≠ 0‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ‪ ∆Pm = 0‬ﻓﻲ ﻁﺭﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓﺍﻻﺨﺭﻯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺘﻘﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﺴﺎﺒﻲ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻁﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ﻝﻸﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﺘﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻻﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻨﺴﻴﺎﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻤل ﻋﻨﺩ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻤل ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪-‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺇﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﺤﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻻﻀﻁﺭﺍﺏ ﻭﺘﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﺌﻥ ﺍﻝﻰ ﻤﺎﻜﻨﺔ ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺌﺔ ﻤﻭﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻭﻤﻲ ﻻﻨﻬﺎﺌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺒﻴﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺄ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭﻝﻴﻥ )‪ (2)،(1‬ﺍﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻁﺄ‪ ،‬ﺘﻘﺘﺭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺭ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻭل ﻝﺘﺨﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺒﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻭﻓﺭ ﻭﺜﻭﻗﻴﻪ ﺒﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺒﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‪:‬‬

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‫‪Hill Pub.Comp.,Newdelhi,2004.‬‬

‫‪١٠٣‬‬
 ٢٠١١- ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬/ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ‬-‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ‬

2- P.M. Anderson and A.A. Fouad , "Power System Control and Stability ",IEEE press, New
York 1994.
3- Vijay Vittal, "Transien and Control of Iraq Scale Power Systems", Power System
Engineering Reseaarch Center,428 phillips Hall, Comell University, Sept. 2003.
4- Kunder .P, "Power system stability control" , Mc Graw-Hill,New York, 1994.
5- Dong .Y, H.R. pota, "Transient Stability Margin prediction using equal-area
criterion",IEE Proceedings – c,vol. 140 No.2, March 1993.
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Method for Transient Stability Assessment and preventive Control of power
system",Electric power & Energy system, Vol. 11, No.2 Apr. 1989, PP. 131-149
7- Y. Xue , P. Rousseaux, Z. Gao, L. Wehenkel M. pavella, R. Belhomm E. Euxibie, B
Heilbronn, " Dynamic Extended Equal Area Criterion", part 1. Basic formula Aihens
Power Tech,sep 1993.
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ultra – fast method for transient stability preventive control of power system, electric
power & energy system Vol.7 No 3 , August 1992. PP1012-1017.
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Of Multi-machine Power System Using Direct Method” AThesis submitted to the
University of Technology for the degree of doctor of philosophy, Baghdad, Iraq,1996.

(١) ‫ﻤﻠﺤﻕ‬
[9].S1 ‫ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺨﺘﺒﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬
~ ~

1 2 6

3 4 5

~ ~

١٠٤
 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ‪-‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ ‪٢٠١١-‬‬

‫ا‪ 3Rtyr84‬ا„«‪6ƒj‬ر‪ks 3RtyrR S1 3W‬رة آ‪ ، 3Ml6@<u‬ار@‰ ‪. Ql6OR‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (١‬ﺜﻭﺍﺒﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﺎﺌﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﻨﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺒﺭﺓ )‪(Xd‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺜﺎﺒﺕ ‪ H‬ﻤﻴﻜﺎ ﻭﺍﻁ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﻨﻨﻪ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻝﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻝﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ /‬ﻤﻴﻜﺎ ﻓﻭﻝﺕ ﺃﻤﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫)ﻜﻴﻠﻭ ﻓﻭﻝﺕ ﺃﻤﺒﻴﺭ(‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺼل ﺍﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻝﺩ‬
‫‪0.004‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (٢‬ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻜﺎﺌﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﻨﻴﻪ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻌﻁل‪.‬‬

‫ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺍﺭ)ﻨﺼﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﻭﻝﺘﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ ﻋﻤﻭﻤﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻝﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻝﺩ‬
‫)ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ(‬ ‫ﻗﻁﺭﻴﺔ(‬ ‫)ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ(‬
‫‪٠,٣٣٢‬‬ ‫‪٠,٠٠١٧‬‬ ‫‪١,٠٠٠‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪٠,١٠٠‬‬ ‫‪٠,٠٩٢٥‬‬ ‫‪١,٠٠٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٠,٢٠٠‬‬ ‫‪٠,١٩٧٢‬‬ ‫‪١,٠٨٤‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٠,٣٠٠‬‬ ‫‪٠,٠٩٧٧‬‬ ‫‪١,٠٢٥‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (٣‬ﺜﻭﺍﺒﺕ ﺨﻁﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻨﻘل‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺎﻨﻌﺔ )ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ(‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺨﻁ‬
‫ﻤﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺴﺘﻘﺒﺎل‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺴﺎل‬
‫‪٠,٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٠,٠٥‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫‪٠,٥‬‬ ‫‪٠,١‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٠,٥‬‬ ‫‪٠,٢‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫‪٠,٣‬‬ ‫‪٠,١‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫‪٠,٨‬‬ ‫‪٠,٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬

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 ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻲ‪-‬ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺒﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ ‪/‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺩﺱ ‪٢٠١١-‬‬

‫‪٠,٤‬‬ ‫‪٠,٢‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬

‫‪٠,١٥‬‬ ‫‪٠,٢‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (٤‬ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺤﻤل ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻝﻴﺩ ﻝﻠﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﻌﻁل ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﻤل ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﻤل‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻝﺩ ﻏﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻝﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺯﺍﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﻌﺎﻝﺔ )‪(QL‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﻌﺎﻝﺔ )‪(PL‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﻌﺎﻝﺔ )‪(QG‬ﻤﻴﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻔﻌﺎﻝﺔ )‪(PG‬‬ ‫)ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ( ﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻭﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻴﻜﺎﻓﻭﻝﺕ ﺃﻤﺒﻴﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻭﻝﺕ ﺃﻤﺒﻴﺭ ﻤﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﻤﻴﻜﺎ ﻭﺍﻁ‬ ‫ﻤﻴﻜﺎ ﻭﺍﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻤﺘﻔﺎﻋل‬
‫‪٠,٠‬‬ ‫‪٠,٠‬‬ ‫‪٩,١‬‬ ‫‪٣٣,٢‬‬ ‫‪٠,٠‬‬ ‫‪١,٠‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬

‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪٢,٠‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪٠,١٢‬‬ ‫‪١,٠٠٢‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬

‫‪٠,٠‬‬ ‫‪٠,٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬ ‫‪٤,٦٢‬‬ ‫‪١,٠٨٤‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬

‫‪٠,٠‬‬ ‫‪٠,٠‬‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪١,٤١‬‬ ‫‪١,٠٢٥‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬

‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫‪٤٠‬‬ ‫‪٠,٠‬‬ ‫‪٠,٠‬‬ ‫‪-٢,٨‬‬ ‫‪٠,٩٥٦‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬

‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫‪٣٠‬‬ ‫‪٠,٠‬‬ ‫‪٠,٠‬‬ ‫‪-٢,٣‬‬ ‫‪٠,٩٥٣‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻝﻡ ﻝﺨﻁﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻨﻘل ﻭﻤﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻝﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻋﻁﻴﺕ ﻝﻸﺴﺎﺱ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﻤﻴﻜﺎ ﻓﻭﻝﺕ ﺃﻤﺒﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺘﺭﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ‪ ٦٠‬ﺫﺒﺫﺒﺔ ‪ /‬ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

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