FBEAM 2019: Normal 6.10a Degree of Shear Connection Fail
FBEAM 2019: Normal 6.10a Degree of Shear Connection Fail
V2.8 This design is based on modules that have been superseded. It is recommended that the software is upgraded.
A13.0 Gross Mass of Section 63.3kg/m Net Mass of Section 63.0kg/m
A33.0 Inadequate degree of shear connection at maximum moment position
A29.1 A further 14mm²/m bar reinforcement is required in 'Normal 6.10a' Stage. Already provided : 142mm²/m. Deck Continuous therefore
A33.0 Inadequate degree of shear connection at maximum moment position
A29.1 A further 14mm²/m bar reinforcement is required in 'Normal 6.10b' Stage. Already provided : 142mm²/m. Deck Continuous therefore
BEAM
SECTION
PLAN
GENERAL
Composite construction with SMD TR60+ 1.00mm S350.
Side 1 location Internal, orientation is Perpendicular to beam.
Side 2 location Internal, orientation is Perpendicular to beam.
SPAN DETAILS
Span Properties Values
Span 10.900m
Support Type SimplySupportedRollerLeft
Right Effective Length Factor 1.00
Left Effective Length Factor 1.00
Precamber 35mm
SPACINGS TO ADJACENT BEAMS
Location Side 1 Spacing Side 2 Spacing
(mm) (mm) (mm)
Span Start 3640 3640
Span End 3640 3640
RESTRAINT CONDITIONS
Top Restraint State Bottom Restraint State Destabilizing Factor
Depth 450mm
Top Flange Width 200mm
Top Flange Thickness 10mm
Web Thickness 8mm
Bottom Flange Width 220mm
Bottom Flange Thickness 12mm
Steel Grade E450
WEB OPENINGS OPENING STIFFENERS
Cell XPos Height / Width Shape Centred dt db dc Location Width Thickness Offset Double
No Dia Sided
(m) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)
1 1.815 150 150 C Yes 140 138 225 - - - - -
2 5.465 150 150 C Yes 140 138 225 - - - - -
3 9.085 150 150 C Yes 140 138 225 - - - - -
C = Circular R = Rectangular E = Elongated.
Centred = Indicates if cell is centred withing the overall depth of the beam.
dt = Distance from top of opening to bottom of top flange.
db = Distance from bottom of opening to top of bottom flange.
dc = Distance from centre of opening to top of top flange.
SURFACE LOADS ACTING ON BEAM
Load Name Values
(kN/m²)
Imposed Load due to Occupancy 5.00
Ceilings, Services and Finishes 2.90
Construction 1.50
Slab Reinforcement 0.05
ANALYSIS SETTINGS
Settings Values
CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION
NORMAL 6.10A
NORMAL 6.10A
NORMAL 6.10A
NORMAL 6.10A
SHEAR CONNECTION
Point Studs Studs Resistance Resistance Resistance Studs Shear Min Partial
No Xpos Beff Left Right Concrete Steel Shear Full Degree Shear Connection
Connection Shear Degree Depth
(m) (m) (kN) (kN) (kN) (%) (%) (mm)
1 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 3628.80 0.00 0.00 0.0 70.0 0
2 0.218 0.218 1.28 62.72 240.89 3628.80 59.91 5.15 25.0 70.0 19.4
3 0.436 0.436 2.56 61.44 481.78 3628.80 119.82 10.29 25.0 70.0 19.4
4 0.654 0.654 3.84 60.16 722.67 3628.80 179.73 15.44 25.0 70.0 19.4
5 0.872 0.872 5.12 58.88 963.56 3628.80 239.64 20.59 25.0 70.0 19.4
6 1.090 1.090 6.40 57.60 1204.45 3628.80 299.55 25.73 25.0 70.0 19.4
7 1.308 1.308 7.68 56.32 1445.34 3628.80 359.46 30.88 25.0 70.0 19.4
8 1.526 1.526 8.96 55.04 1686.23 3628.80 419.37 36.03 25.0 70.0 19.4
9 1.744 1.744 10.24 53.76 1927.12 3628.80 479.29 41.17 25.0 70.0 19.4
10 1.962 1.962 11.52 52.48 2168.01 3628.80 539.20 46.32 25.0 70.0 19.4
11 2.180 2.180 12.80 51.20 2408.90 3628.80 599.11 51.47 25.0 70.0 19.4
12 2.398 2.398 14.08 49.92 2649.79 3628.80 659.02 56.61 25.0 70.0 19.4
13 2.616 2.616 15.36 48.64 2890.68 3628.80 718.93 61.76 25.0 70.0 19.4
14 2.834 2.725 16.64 47.36 3011.13 3628.80 778.84 64.33 26.0 70.0 20.2
NORMAL 6.10A
NORMAL 6.10A
For the concrete shear check, the longitudinal shear force is reduced by the ratio of the applied factored moment to
the moment capacity of the section for the actual degree of shear connection.
TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT
Shear Applied Deck Used In Reinforcement Additonal Min Max
Shear Plane Plane Shear Reinforcement Provided (Mesh / Reinforcement Reinforcement Reinforcement
Length Stress Bar) Required Limit Limit
(mm) (N/mm²) (mm²/m) (mm²/m) (mm²/m) (mm²/m)
a-a overall span 78 1.76 Yes 142 14 156 321
The mesh and bar reinforcement is assumed to be below the head of the shear stud.
Negative additional reinforcement required value indicates surplus reinforcement.
APPLIED FORCES AND CAPACITIES AT CENTRELINE OF OPENINGS
Cell Bending Sagging Hogging Moment High Vertical Shear
No Xpos Moment Moment Moment UF Shear Shear Capacity Shear UF
Capacity Capacity
(m) (kNm) (kNm) (kNm) (kN) (kN)
1 1.815 400.46 737.68 0.00 0.54 No 176.67 633.66 0.28
2 5.465 721.74 942.74 0.00 0.77 No -39.73 603.29 0.07
3 9.085 400.46 737.68 0.00 0.54 No -176.67 633.66 0.28
SECTION INERTIAS AT CENTRELINE OF OPENINGS
Cell Top Web Bottom
No Xpos Flange Class Flange ze zp Iy Iz It Iw Ysc
Class Class
(m) (mm) (mm) (cm⁴) (cm⁴) (cm⁴) (cm⁶) (mm)
1 1.815 2 1 - 420.6 300.6 80304 292615 23 446640 101.4
2 5.465 2 - - 454.1 438.8 88556 987052 23 446640 101.4
3 9.085 2 1 - 420.6 300.6 80304 292615 23 446640 101.4
The neutral axes are referenced from the outer edge of the bottom flange.
SECTION MODULI AT CENTRELINE OF OPENINGS
Cell Xpos Overall A Wely (Top) Wely Welz Wply
No Depth (Bottom)
(m) (mm) (mm²) (cm³) (cm³) (cm³) (cm³)
1 1.815 450 16999 4477.2 1909.1 3224.4 1639.3
2 5.465 450 22318 6069.3 1950.2 7244.4 2095.0
3 9.085 450 16999 4477.2 1909.1 3224.4 1639.3
TOP TEE SECTION PROPERTIES
Cell XPos lt dt dt (Eff) zet zpt Wplt Welt Avt Top Tee
No Class
(m) (m) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (cm³) (cm³) (mm²)
1 1.815 0.105 140 140 31.9 7.8 87.4 49.8 1160 2
2 5.465 0.105 140 140 31.9 7.8 87.4 49.8 1160 2
3 9.085 0.105 140 140 31.9 7.8 87.4 49.8 1160 2
The neutral axes are referenced from the outer edge of the top flange.
BOTTOM TEE SECTION PROPERTIES
Cell XPos lt db db (Eff) zeb zpb Wplb Welb Avb Bottom Tee
No Class
(m) (m) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (cm³) (cm³) (mm²)
1 1.815 0.105 138 138 28.1 8.5 89.3 50.6 1152 3
2 5.465 0.105 138 138 28.1 8.5 89.3 50.6 1152 3
3 9.085 0.105 138 138 28.1 8.5 89.3 50.6 1152 3
The neutral axes are referenced from the outer edge of the bottom flange.
SHEAR CONNECTION AT CENTRELINE OF OPENINGS
Cell Studs Studs Resistance Resistance Resistance Studs Shear Partial
No Xpos Beff Left Right Concrete Steel Shear Full Degree Connection
Connection Shear Depth
(m) (m) (kN) (kN) (kN) (%) (mm)
1 1.815 1.815 10.66 53.34 2005.57 3088.80 498.80 42.85 25.0 19.4
2 5.465 2.725 32.09 31.91 3011.13 3088.80 1493.64 64.33 50.0 38.7
3 9.085 1.815 53.34 10.66 2005.57 3088.80 498.80 42.85 25.0 19.4
NORMAL 6.10A
VIERENDEEL BENDING
Cell XPos Studs Vierendeel Top Left Top Right
Vierendeel Vierendeel
Bottom Left Bottom Right Local
Vierendeel Vierendeel Moment Total Moment Vierendeel
No Above Moment Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity UF
NORMAL 6.10B
NORMAL 6.10B
NORMAL 6.10B
NORMAL 6.10B
SHEAR CONNECTION
Point Studs Studs Resistance Resistance Resistance Studs Shear Min Partial
No Xpos Beff Left Right Concrete Steel Shear Full Degree Shear Connection
Connection Shear Degree Depth
(m) (m) (kN) (kN) (kN) (%) (%) (mm)
1 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 3628.80 0.00 0.00 0.0 70.0 0
2 0.218 0.218 1.28 62.72 240.89 3628.80 59.91 5.15 25.0 70.0 19.4
3 0.436 0.436 2.56 61.44 481.78 3628.80 119.82 10.29 25.0 70.0 19.4
4 0.654 0.654 3.84 60.16 722.67 3628.80 179.73 15.44 25.0 70.0 19.4
5 0.872 0.872 5.12 58.88 963.56 3628.80 239.64 20.59 25.0 70.0 19.4
6 1.090 1.090 6.40 57.60 1204.45 3628.80 299.55 25.73 25.0 70.0 19.4
7 1.308 1.308 7.68 56.32 1445.34 3628.80 359.46 30.88 25.0 70.0 19.4
8 1.526 1.526 8.96 55.04 1686.23 3628.80 419.37 36.03 25.0 70.0 19.4
9 1.744 1.744 10.24 53.76 1927.12 3628.80 479.29 41.17 25.0 70.0 19.4
10 1.962 1.962 11.52 52.48 2168.01 3628.80 539.20 46.32 25.0 70.0 19.4
11 2.180 2.180 12.80 51.20 2408.90 3628.80 599.11 51.47 25.0 70.0 19.4
12 2.398 2.398 14.08 49.92 2649.79 3628.80 659.02 56.61 25.0 70.0 19.4
13 2.616 2.616 15.36 48.64 2890.68 3628.80 718.93 61.76 25.0 70.0 19.4
14 2.834 2.725 16.64 47.36 3011.13 3628.80 778.84 64.33 26.0 70.0 20.2
NORMAL 6.10B
NORMAL 6.10B
For the concrete shear check, the longitudinal shear force is reduced by the ratio of the applied factored moment to
the moment capacity of the section for the actual degree of shear connection.
TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT
Shear Applied Deck Used In Reinforcement Additonal Min Max
Shear Plane Plane Shear Reinforcement Provided (Mesh / Reinforcement Reinforcement Reinforcement
Length Stress Bar) Required Limit Limit
(mm) (N/mm²) (mm²/m) (mm²/m) (mm²/m) (mm²/m)
a-a overall span 78 1.76 Yes 142 14 156 321
The mesh and bar reinforcement is assumed to be below the head of the shear stud.
Negative additional reinforcement required value indicates surplus reinforcement.
APPLIED FORCES AND CAPACITIES AT CENTRELINE OF OPENINGS
Cell Bending Sagging Hogging Moment High Vertical Shear
No Xpos Moment Moment Moment UF Shear Shear Capacity Shear UF
Capacity Capacity
(m) (kNm) (kNm) (kNm) (kN) (kN)
1 1.815 449.94 737.68 0.00 0.61 No 198.50 633.66 0.31
2 5.465 810.91 942.74 0.00 0.86 No -44.64 496.96 0.09
3 9.085 449.94 737.68 0.00 0.61 No -198.50 633.66 0.31
SECTION INERTIAS AT CENTRELINE OF OPENINGS
Cell Top Web Bottom
No Xpos Flange Class Flange ze zp Iy Iz It Iw Ysc
Class Class
(m) (mm) (mm) (cm⁴) (cm⁴) (cm⁴) (cm⁶) (mm)
1 1.815 2 1 - 420.6 300.6 80304 292615 23 446640 101.4
2 5.465 2 - - 454.1 438.8 88556 987052 23 446640 101.4
3 9.085 2 1 - 420.6 300.6 80304 292615 23 446640 101.4
The neutral axes are referenced from the outer edge of the bottom flange.
SECTION MODULI AT CENTRELINE OF OPENINGS
Cell Xpos Overall A Wely (Top) Wely Welz Wply
No Depth (Bottom)
(m) (mm) (mm²) (cm³) (cm³) (cm³) (cm³)
1 1.815 450 16999 4477.2 1909.1 3224.4 1639.3
2 5.465 450 22318 6069.3 1950.2 7244.4 2095.0
3 9.085 450 16999 4477.2 1909.1 3224.4 1639.3
TOP TEE SECTION PROPERTIES
Cell XPos lt dt dt (Eff) zet zpt Wplt Welt Avt Top Tee
No Class
(m) (m) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (cm³) (cm³) (mm²)
1 1.815 0.105 140 140 31.9 7.8 87.4 49.8 1160 2
2 5.465 0.105 140 140 31.9 7.8 87.4 49.8 1160 2
3 9.085 0.105 140 140 31.9 7.8 87.4 49.8 1160 2
The neutral axes are referenced from the outer edge of the top flange.
BOTTOM TEE SECTION PROPERTIES
Cell XPos lt db db (Eff) zeb zpb Wplb Welb Avb Bottom Tee
No Class
(m) (m) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (cm³) (cm³) (mm²)
1 1.815 0.105 138 138 28.1 8.5 89.3 50.6 1152 3
2 5.465 0.105 138 138 28.1 8.5 89.3 50.6 1152 3
3 9.085 0.105 138 138 28.1 8.5 89.3 50.6 1152 3
The neutral axes are referenced from the outer edge of the bottom flange.
SHEAR CONNECTION AT CENTRELINE OF OPENINGS
Cell Studs Studs Resistance Resistance Resistance Studs Shear Partial
No Xpos Beff Left Right Concrete Steel Shear Full Degree Connection
Connection Shear Depth
(m) (m) (kN) (kN) (kN) (%) (mm)
1 1.815 1.815 10.66 53.34 2005.57 3088.80 498.80 42.85 25.0 19.4
2 5.465 2.725 32.09 31.91 3011.13 3088.80 1493.64 64.33 50.0 38.7
3 9.085 1.815 53.34 10.66 2005.57 3088.80 498.80 42.85 25.0 19.4
NORMAL 6.10B
VIERENDEEL BENDING
Cell XPos Studs Vierendeel Top Left Top Right
Vierendeel Vierendeel
Bottom Left Bottom Right Local
Vierendeel Vierendeel Moment Total Moment Vierendeel
No Above Moment Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity Capacity UF
SERVICEABILITY 6.14B
MODULAR RATIOS
Name Value
Effective 13.34
ShortTerm 6.67
LongTerm 28.69
Dynamic 6.35
UNFACTORED REACTIONS
Support D CL SD C L WD WU S U
(kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN)
Span Start -63.83 -29.76 -57.53 0.00 -99.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Span End -63.83 -29.76 -57.53 0.00 -99.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
NATURAL FREQUENCIES
Name Value
(Hz)
BasicNaturalFrequency 4.1
Dynamic Inertia: 109877cm⁴
STRESS MOMENTS AND SECTION MODULI
Point Moment Moment Wely (Top) Wely (Bottom) Wely Wely (Top) Wely
Name No Construction Normal Construction Construction Concrete Normal (Bottom)
Stage Stage Normal
(kNm) (kNm) (cm³) (cm³) (cm³) (cm³) (cm³)
Concrete Compressive Stress 26 167.68 427.06 1131.5 1313.0 80257.4 125598.2 2141.6
Steel Top Stress 26 167.68 427.06 1131.5 1313.0 80257.4 125598.2 2141.6
Steel Bottom Stress 26 167.68 427.06 1131.5 1313.0 80257.4 125598.2 2141.6
STRESS PROPERTIES
Point Concrete Concrete Steel Top Steel Top Steel Bottom Steel Bottom
Name No Compressive Compressive UF Stress Stress UF Stress Stress UF
Stress
(N/mm²) (N/mm²) (N/mm²)
Concrete Compressive Stress 26 5 0.25 152 0.34 327 0.73
Steel Top Stress 26 5 0.25 152 0.34 327 0.73
Steel Bottom Stress 26 5 0.25 152 0.34 327 0.73
DEFLECTION PROFILES
MAXIMUM DEFLECTIONS
Name Deflection
(mm)
D 37.7
PC -35
CL 17.6
SD 15.5
L 23
L+C 23
Total Construction 55.3
SERVICEABILITY 6.14B
SERVICEABILITY 6.14B
CL = Const. Live D = Dead SD = Super-Dead C = Claddings L = Live WD = Wind Down Force WU = Wind Uplift
S = Snow U = Unclassified PC = Precamber
Steel Inertia: 27349cm⁴, Short Term Inertia 109019cm⁴, Long Term Inertia 75760cm⁴
SERVICEABILITY 6.14B
EUROCODES
BS EN 1990 : 2002 – Eurocode 0 – Basis of structural design
BS EN 1990 : 2002 – Eurocode 0 – Basis of structural design – UK National Annex
BS EN 1991 : 1991-1-3 : 2003 – Eurocode 1 – Actions on structures
BS EN 1991 : 1991-1-3 : 2003 – Eurocode 1 – Actions on structures – UK National Annex
BS EN 1992-1-1 : 2004 – Eurocode 2 – Design of concrete strutures (General Rules)
BS EN 1992-1-1 : 2004 – Eurocode 2 – Design of concrete strutures (General Rules) – UK National Annex
BS EN 1993-1-1 : 2005 – Eurocode 3 – Design of steel structures (General Rules)
BS EN 1993-1-1 : 2005 – Eurocode 3 – Design of steel structures (General Rules) – UK National Annex
BS EN 1993-1-2 : 2005 – Eurocode 3 – Design of steel structures (General rules – Structural fire design)
BS EN 1993-1-5 : 2006 – Eurocode 3 – Deisgn of steel structures (General rules – Plated structural elements)
BS EN 1994-1-1 : 2004 – Eurocode 4 – Design of composite steel and concrete structures (General rules)
BS EN 1994-1-1 : 2004 – Eurocode 4 – Design of composite steel and concrete structures (General rules) – UK National
ADDITIONAL PUBLICATIONS
SCI Publication P355 – Design of composite beams with large openings to Eurocode 4
SCI Publication P287 – Design of composite beams using precast concrete slabs
SCI Publication P405 – Minimum degree of shear connection rules for UK construction to Eurocode 4
SCI Advisory Desk AD(TBA) – Composite beams with elongated web openings
Lopez, Yong and Serna – Lateral-torsional buckling of steel beams: a general expression for the moment gradient