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Representation and Summary of Data - Location (Questions)

The document discusses different measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and how to calculate them from raw data and grouped frequency distributions, including calculating the mean, median and mode from coded data using various coding schemes. It also provides examples of calculating measures of central tendency from sets of raw data, grouped data in frequency tables, and coded data.

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Hassan Hussain
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88 views4 pages

Representation and Summary of Data - Location (Questions)

The document discusses different measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and how to calculate them from raw data and grouped frequency distributions, including calculating the mean, median and mode from coded data using various coding schemes. It also provides examples of calculating measures of central tendency from sets of raw data, grouped data in frequency tables, and coded data.

Uploaded by

Hassan Hussain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2.

3 Frequency tables and grouping data


1. The table below shows the height of a group of 60 students

Height (h cm) Number of students Cumulative


frequency
140-145 3
145-150 15
150-155 20
155-160 11
160-165 9
165-170 2

a) Complete the cumulative frequency column


b) Write down the class boundaries for the third class
c) Work out the mid-point of the fifth group
d) Write down the class width of the second class

2. The time taken by a random sample of females to run 400 m is measured and shown in a table below.
Write down the class boundaries, mid-point and the class width for the class 71-75

Time (sec) frequency Cumulative


frequency
56-65 2
66-70 25
71-75 30
76-90 13
91-95 5

a) Complete the cumulative frequency column


b) Write down the class boundaries for the second class
c) Work out the mid-point of the fifth group
d) Write down the class width of the second class

2.4 Measures of location

Mode: the value that occurs most often

Median: middle value when the data is arranged in order

Mean: the sum of all the observations divided by the number of observations
Example 1

Following are hourly rate pay of the company for different level of workers

£10 £10 £12 £10 £8 £10 £20

Find the mode, median and the mean of the following data

Combining means

If set A, of size 𝑛1 , has the mean 𝑥1 and set B of size 𝑛2 , has the mean 𝑥2 , then the combined mean of the
set A and B is

𝑛1 × 𝑥1 + 𝑛2 × 𝑥2
𝑥=
𝑛1 + 𝑛2

Example 2

The mean of 20 observations is 3.5 and the mean of 15 observations is 4.2. Calculate the mean of all 35
observations

Example 3

The mean marks for a statistical exam were worked out for three classes. Class 1 had 12 students with a
mean mark of 78%. Class 2 had 16 students with a mean mark of 84%. Class 3 had 18 students with a mean
mark of 54%. Work out the mean % mark to the nearest whole number for all 46 students

2.5 Which is the correct measure of location

Mode: when data is qualitative or quantitative with either single mode or bimodal.

Median: used for quantitative data. It is used when there are extreme values.

Mean: used for quantitative data and used for all the pieces of data. It is effected by extreme values

2.6 Measures of location of a frequency distribution table

Example 6

Hassan records the collar size (x) of the male students in his grade. The results are shown below.

Collar size (x) Frequency


15 3
15.5 17
16 29
16.5 34
17 12

Find a) the mode b) the median c) the mean


2.7 estimation of mean, mode and median of grouped data.

̅ where:
The mean of sample of data that is summarized as a grouped frequency distribution is 𝒙

∑ 𝒇𝒙
̅=
𝒙 ∑𝒇
and 𝒙 is the mid-point of the group

To find the median divide 𝒏 by 2 and use interpolation to find the value of corresponding term.

The model class is the class with the highest frequency

Example 7

The length 𝑥 mm, to the nearest mm, of a random sample of pine cones is measured. The data is shown
below.

Length of pine Number of pine Cumulative


cone (mm) cone, 𝑓 frequency
30-31 2
32-33 25
34-36 30
37-37 13
a) Write down the model class. b) Estimate the mean length of pine cone

c) Estimate the median length of pine cone

Example 8

The number of questions answered correctly by children taking a general knowledge test are shown in the
following frequency distribution.

Number of Frequency
correct answers
0-5 4
6-10 15
11-15 5
16-20 2
21-60 0
61-70 1
a) Write down the model class. b) Estimate the mean number of correct answers

c) Estimate the median number of correct answers


2.8 coding

𝒙−𝒂
Coding is normally of the form 𝒚 = where a and b are to be chosen.
𝒃

To find the mean of the original data: find the mean of the coded data, equate this to the coding used
and solve.

∑ 𝒇𝒚
To find the mean of coded grouped data, mean =
∑𝒇

Example 9

a) Find the mean of the following heights, 𝑥 cm.

30 40 50 60 70 80

b) Using the following coding to find the mean of these data.

𝑥 𝑥−20
i) 𝑦 = ii) 𝑦 = iii) 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 25
10 10

c) Using your answer to a, write down the mean of

i) 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 ii) 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40

Example 10

𝑥−165
Use the coding 𝑦 = to find the mean weight of the following distribution
10

Weight (kg) Frequency Mid-point (x) 𝑥 − 165


𝑦=
10
140-150 9
150-160 21
160-170 37
170-180 28
180-190 11

Example 11

𝑥−45
Data is coded using 𝑦 = . The mean of the coded data is 2.55. Find the mean of the original data
25

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